feature(input): implement keyboard layouts and utf-8 input subsystem

* Adding keyboard layout (backend)

* Update settings.c with new keyboard tab

* Fixing keyboard icon && Fixing long loading time in settings.c

* Refactor of key handling for a larger compatibility with the keyboard layout

* Adding keyboard handler

* Udating ps2.c with the new logic

* Updating WM/kernel/userland with the new input system

* Fixing keycode range && Updating dead keys handling

* Add comments for explanation

* Update notepad & vm.c to parse utf-8

* Adding utf-8 parsing utils in libc && Update notepad.c

* Adding icon for icon settings

* Fixing a warning with double definition

* Adding new kb kayout: QWERTZ and DVORAK && Update new layout instrauction

* Add documentation for keyboard input subsystem

This document outlines the architecture and design of the input subsystem, focusing on keyboard input processing, driver responsibilities, keycode representation, and keymap functionality.

---------

Co-authored-by: boreddevnl <chris@boreddev.nl>

src/userland/libc/libui.h

@@ -44,9 +44,10 @@
 
 typedef struct {
     int type;
-    int arg1; // For click: x
-    int arg2; // For click: y
-    int arg3; // For click: button state
+    int arg1; // CLICK: x / KEY: legacy char-or-compat key
+    int arg2; // CLICK: y / KEY: keycode
+    int arg3; // CLICK: button state / KEY: modifier mask
+    int arg4; // KEY: Unicode codepoint (0 if none)
 } gui_event_t;
 
 // Window Handle

src/userland/libc/syscall.h

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_NETWORK_HAS_IP 30
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_GET_SHELL_CONFIG 28
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_NETWORK_GET_NIC_NAME 48
+#define SYSTEM_CMD_SET_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT 49
+#define SYSTEM_CMD_GET_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT 51
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_SET_TEXT_COLOR 29
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_SET_WALLPAPER_PATH 31
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_RTC_SET 32

src/userland/libc/utf-8.c

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#include "utf-8.h"
+
+static int utf8_write_replacement(char *out) {
+    out[0] = (char)0xEF;
+    out[1] = (char)0xBF;
+    out[2] = (char)0xBD;
+    return 3;
+}
+
+uint32_t text_decode_utf8(const char *s, int *advance) {
+    const unsigned char *u = (const unsigned char *)s;
+
+    if (!u || u[0] == 0) {
+        if (advance) *advance = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if ((u[0] & 0x80) == 0) {
+        if (advance) *advance = 1;
+        return u[0];
+    }
+
+    if ((u[0] & 0xE0) == 0xC0 &&
+        (u[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+        if (advance) *advance = 2;
+        return ((u[0] & 0x1F) << 6) |
+               (u[1] & 0x3F);
+    }
+
+    if ((u[0] & 0xF0) == 0xE0 &&
+        (u[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80 &&
+        (u[2] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+        if (advance) *advance = 3;
+        return ((u[0] & 0x0F) << 12) |
+               ((u[1] & 0x3F) << 6) |
+               (u[2] & 0x3F);
+    }
+
+    if ((u[0] & 0xF8) == 0xF0 &&
+        (u[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80 &&
+        (u[2] & 0xC0) == 0x80 &&
+        (u[3] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+        if (advance) *advance = 4;
+        return ((u[0] & 0x07) << 18) |
+               ((u[1] & 0x3F) << 12) |
+               ((u[2] & 0x3F) << 6) |
+               (u[3] & 0x3F);
+    }
+
+    if (advance) *advance = 1;
+    return 0xFFFD;
+}
+
+int text_encode_utf8(uint32_t cp, char *out) {
+    if (cp <= 0x7F) {
+        out[0] = (char)cp;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (cp <= 0x7FF) {
+        out[0] = 0xC0 | (cp >> 6);
+        out[1] = 0x80 | (cp & 0x3F);
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    if (cp <= 0xFFFF) {
+        out[0] = 0xE0 | (cp >> 12);
+        out[1] = 0x80 | ((cp >> 6) & 0x3F);
+        out[2] = 0x80 | (cp & 0x3F);
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    if (cp <= 0x10FFFF) {
+        out[0] = 0xF0 | (cp >> 18);
+        out[1] = 0x80 | ((cp >> 12) & 0x3F);
+        out[2] = 0x80 | ((cp >> 6) & 0x3F);
+        out[3] = 0x80 | (cp & 0x3F);
+        return 4;
+    }
+
+    return utf8_write_replacement(out);
+}
+
+const char* text_next_utf8(const char *s) {
+    if (!s || *s == 0) return s;
+
+    int adv;
+    text_decode_utf8(s, &adv);
+    return s + adv;
+}
+
+const char* text_prev_utf8(const char *start, const char *s) {
+    if (!s || s <= start) return start;
+
+    s--;
+    while (s > start && ((*s & 0xC0) == 0x80)) {
+        s--;
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+int text_strlen_utf8(const char *s) {
+    if (!s) return 0;
+
+    int count = 0;
+    int adv;
+
+    while (*s) {
+        text_decode_utf8(s, &adv);
+        s += adv;
+        count++;
+    }
+
+    return count;
+}

src/userland/libc/utf-8.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#ifndef UTF_8_H
+#define UTF_8_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// Decode one UTF-8 codepoint
+// s: input string
+// advance: number of bytes consumed
+uint32_t text_decode_utf8(const char *s, int *advance);
+
+// Encode one codepoint into UTF-8
+// out must be at least 4 bytes
+// return: number of bytes written
+int text_encode_utf8(uint32_t cp, char *out);
+
+// Move to next UTF-8 character
+const char* text_next_utf8(const char *s);
+
+// Move to previous UTF-8 character
+const char* text_prev_utf8(const char *start, const char *s);
+
+// Count characters (not bytes)
+int text_strlen_utf8(const char *s);
+
+#endif