FIX: cpuinfo stack overflow and add GUI tab character support

.gitattributes

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization
-* text=auto

.gitignore

@@ -30,3 +30,4 @@ limine
 .DS_Store
 /build/
 *.o
+disk.img

Makefile

@@ -132,58 +132,56 @@ $(KERNEL_ELF): $(OBJ_FILES)
 	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJ_FILES)
 	$(MAKE) -C $(SRC_DIR)/userland
 
-$(ISO_IMAGE): $(KERNEL_ELF) limine.conf limine-setup
+$(BUILD_DIR)/initrd.tar: $(KERNEL_ELF)
+	rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd
+	mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/bin
+	mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/Library/images/Wallpapers
+	mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/Library/images/gif
+	mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/Library/Fonts/Emoji
+	mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/Library/DOOM
+	mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/docs
+
+	@for f in $(SRC_DIR)/userland/bin/*.elf; do \
+		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then cp "$$f" $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/bin/; fi \
+	done
+	@for f in $(SRC_DIR)/images/wallpapers/*; do \
+		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then cp "$$f" $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/Library/images/Wallpapers/; fi \
+	done
+	@for f in $(SRC_DIR)/images/gif/*.gif; do \
+		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then cp "$$f" $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/Library/images/gif/; fi \
+	done
+	@for f in $(SRC_DIR)/fonts/*.ttf; do \
+		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then cp "$$f" $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/Library/Fonts/; fi \
+	done
+	@for f in $(SRC_DIR)/fonts/Emoji/*.ttf; do \
+		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then cp "$$f" $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/Library/Fonts/Emoji/; fi \
+	done
+	@if [ -f $(SRC_DIR)/userland/games/doom/doom1.wad ]; then cp $(SRC_DIR)/userland/games/doom/doom1.wad $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/Library/DOOM/; fi
+	@for f in $$(find docs -name '*.md' 2>/dev/null); do \
+		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then \
+			dir=$$(dirname "$$f"); \
+			mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/"$$dir"; \
+			cp "$$f" $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/"$$dir"/; \
+		fi \
+	done
+	@if [ -f README.md ]; then cp README.md $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/; fi
+	@if [ -f LICENSE ]; then cp LICENSE $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd/; fi
+	
+	cd $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd && COPYFILE_DISABLE=1 tar --exclude="._*" -cf ../initrd.tar *
+
+$(ISO_IMAGE): $(KERNEL_ELF) $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd.tar limine.conf limine-setup
 	rm -rf $(ISO_DIR)
 	mkdir -p $(ISO_DIR)
 	mkdir -p $(ISO_DIR)/EFI/BOOT
 	
 	cp $(KERNEL_ELF) $(ISO_DIR)/
 	cp limine.conf $(ISO_DIR)/
-	mkdir -p $(ISO_DIR)/bin
-	@for f in $(SRC_DIR)/userland/bin/*.elf; do \
-		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then \
-			basename=$$(basename "$$f"); \
-			cp "$$f" $(ISO_DIR)/bin/; \
-			echo "    module_path: boot():/bin/$$basename" >> $(ISO_DIR)/limine.conf; \
-		fi \
-	done
 	
-	@if [ -f README.md ]; then cp README.md $(ISO_DIR)/; fi
+	cp $(BUILD_DIR)/initrd.tar $(ISO_DIR)/
-	@if [ -f $(SRC_DIR)/userland/games/doom/doom1.wad ]; then \
+	echo "    module_path: boot():/initrd.tar" >> $(ISO_DIR)/limine.conf
-		mkdir -p $(ISO_DIR)/Library/DOOM; \
-		cp $(SRC_DIR)/userland/games/doom/doom1.wad $(ISO_DIR)/Library/DOOM/; \
-		echo "    module_path: boot():/Library/DOOM/doom1.wad" >> $(ISO_DIR)/limine.conf; \
-	fi
 	
-	mkdir -p $(ISO_DIR)/Library/images/Wallpapers
-	@for f in $(SRC_DIR)/images/wallpapers/*; do \
-		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then \
-			basename=$$(basename "$$f"); \
-			cp "$$f" $(ISO_DIR)/Library/images/Wallpapers/; \
-			echo "    module_path: boot():/Library/images/Wallpapers/$$basename" >> $(ISO_DIR)/limine.conf; \
-		fi \
-	done
 	@if [ -f splash.jpg ]; then cp splash.jpg $(ISO_DIR)/; fi
 	
-	mkdir -p $(ISO_DIR)/Library/images/gif
-	@for f in $(SRC_DIR)/images/gif/*.gif; do \
-		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then \
-			basename=$$(basename "$$f"); \
-			cp "$$f" $(ISO_DIR)/Library/images/gif/; \
-			echo "    module_path: boot():/Library/images/gif/$$basename" >> $(ISO_DIR)/limine.conf; \
-		fi \
-	done
-	
-	mkdir -p $(ISO_DIR)/docs
-	@for f in $$(find docs -name '*.md'); do \
-		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then \
-			dir=$$(dirname "$$f"); \
-			mkdir -p $(ISO_DIR)/"$$dir"; \
-			cp "$$f" $(ISO_DIR)/"$$dir"/; \
-			echo "    module_path: boot():/$$f" >> $(ISO_DIR)/limine.conf; \
-		fi \
-	done
-	
 	cp limine/limine-bios.sys $(ISO_DIR)/
 	cp limine/limine-bios-cd.bin $(ISO_DIR)/
 	cp limine/limine-uefi-cd.bin $(ISO_DIR)/
@@ -191,25 +189,6 @@ $(ISO_IMAGE): $(KERNEL_ELF) limine.conf limine-setup
 	cp limine/BOOTX64.EFI $(ISO_DIR)/EFI/BOOT/
 	cp limine/BOOTIA32.EFI $(ISO_DIR)/EFI/BOOT/
 
-	mkdir -p $(ISO_DIR)/Library/Fonts
-	@for f in $(SRC_DIR)/fonts/*.ttf; do \
-		if [ -f "$$f" ]; then \
-			basename=$$(basename "$$f"); \
-			cp "$$f" $(ISO_DIR)/Library/Fonts/; \
-			echo "    module_path: boot():/Library/Fonts/$$basename" >> $(ISO_DIR)/limine.conf; \
-		fi \
-	done
-	
-	@if [ -f README.md ]; then \
-		cp README.md $(ISO_DIR)/; \
-		echo "    module_path: boot():/README.md" >> $(ISO_DIR)/limine.conf; \
-	fi
-	
-	@if [ -f LICENSE ]; then \
-		cp LICENSE $(ISO_DIR)/; \
-		echo "    module_path: boot():/LICENSE" >> $(ISO_DIR)/limine.conf; \
-	fi
-	
 	$(XORRISO) -as mkisofs -R -J -b limine-bios-cd.bin \
 		-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
 		--efi-boot limine-uefi-cd.bin \

README.md

@@ -2,96 +2,86 @@
 
 <div align="center">
   <img src="boredos.svg" alt="BoredOS Logo" width="450" />
+  <p><em>A modern x86_64 hobbyist operating system built from the ground up.</em></p>
+
+  [![License: GPL v3](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-GPLv3-blue.svg)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0)
+  ![Platform: x86_64](https://img.shields.io/badge/Platform-x86_64-lightgrey)
+  ![Status: Active](https://img.shields.io/badge/Status-Active-brightgreen)
 </div>
-BoredOS is a simple x86_64 hobbyist operating system. 
+
-It features a DE (and WM), a FAT32 filesystem, customizable UI and much much more!
+---
+
+BoredOS is a x86_64 operating system featuring a custom Desktop Environment (DE), a dedicated Window Manager (BoredWM), and a FAT32 filesystem. It balances low-level kernel exploration with a surprisingly capable userspace.
 
 ![Screenshot](screenshot.jpg)
-*this screenshot might be outdated*
+> [!NOTE]
+> *The screenshot above may represent a previous build and is subject to change as the UI evolves.*
+
+---
 
 ## Features
-- userspace
-- JPG image support
-- Disk manager
-- Drag and drop mouse centered UI
-- Customizable UI
-- Basic Networking Stack
-- Bored WM
-- FAT32 filesystem
-- 64-bit long mode support
-- Multiboot2 compliant
-- Text editor
-- Markdown Viewer
-- Minesweeper
-- Markdown Viewer
-- GUI Text editor
-- Paint application
-- IDT
-- Ability to run on actual x86_64 hardware
-- CLI
-- (Limited) C Compiler
 
-## Documentation
+### System Architecture
+* **64-bit Long Mode:** Fully utilizing the x86_64 architecture.
+* **Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP):** Full support for multi-core CPUs via Limine SMP.
+* **LAPIC & IPI Scheduling:** Advanced interrupt handling and inter-processor communication for task distribution.
+* **SMP-Safe Spinlocks:** Robust kernel-wide synchronization for VFS, process management, and the GUI.
+* **Multiboot2 Compliant:** Bootable on real hardware and modern emulators.
+* **Kernel Core:** Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) management and a robust syscall interface.
+* **Filesystem:** Full **FAT32** support for persistent and in-memory storage.
+* **Networking:** Includes the lwIP networking stack.
 
-BoredOS has comprehensive documentation available in the [`docs/`](docs/) directory covering architecture, the build system, and application development SDKs.
+### Graphical User Interface
+* **BoredWM:** A custom Window Manager with drag-and-drop, mouse-centered interaction.
+* **Customization:** Adjustable UI to suit your aesthetic.
+* **Media Support:** Built-in image decoding.
 
--   **[Index / Table of Contents](docs/README.md)**
+### Included Applications
--   **[Architecture Overview](docs/architecture/core.md)**
+* **Productivity:** GUI Text Editor calculator, Markdown Viewer, a simple browser and BoredWord.
--   **[Building and Running](docs/build/usage.md)**
+* **Creativity:** A Paint application.
--   **[Application Development Guide](docs/appdev/custom_apps.md)**
+* **Utilities:** Terminal, Task Manager, File Explorer, Clock and a (limited) C Compiler.
+* **Games:** Minesweeper and DOOM.
 
+---
 
+## 📚 Documentation
 
+Explore the internal workings of BoredOS via our comprehensive guides in the [`docs/`](docs/) directory.
 
+* 📖 **[Documentation Index](docs/README.md)** – Start here.
+* 🏗️ **[Architecture Overview](docs/architecture/core.md)** – Deep dive into the kernel.
+* 🔨 **[Building and Running](docs/build/usage.md)** – Setup your build environment.
+* 🚀 **[AppDev SDK](docs/appdev/custom_apps.md)** – Build your own apps for BoredOS.
 
-###
+---
-###
 
-<h2 align="left">Help me brew some coffee! ☕️</h2>
+## Support the Journey
 
-###
+If you find this project interesting or helpful, consider fueling the development with a coffee!
 
-<p align="left">
+<a href="https://buymeacoffee.com/boreddevhq" target="_blank">
-  If you enjoy this project, and like what i'm doing here, consider buying me a coffee!
-  <br><br>
-  <a href="https://buymeacoffee.com/boreddevnl" target="_blank">
   <img src="https://cdn.buymeacoffee.com/buttons/v2/default-yellow.png" alt="Buy Me A Coffee" height="50" style="border-radius: 8px;" />
 </a>
-</p>
-
-###
 
 
-## This project was previously labeled as "BrewKernel"
+---
-Brewkernel was a text only very simple (and messy) project i started 3 years ago. It was my first work in OSDev and i absolutely loved it. It sadly just got too messy and i myself couldn't understand my own code anymore. About a year ago i started work on BoredOS, and pushed a *"working"* version of it a few days ago as of writing this *(Feb. 10 2026)* 
+
-Brewkernel has already been deprecated and will not be accepting any pull requests or fix any issues as it is now a public archive.
+## ⚠️ Project Disclaimer & Heritage
-Thanks to everyone who helped me with Brewkernel, even if it were just ideas, and intend to keep working on this for the forseeable future!
+
+**BoredOS** is the successor to **BrewKernel**, a project initiated in 2023. 
+
+While BrewKernel served as the foundational learning ground for this OS, it has been officially **deprecated and archived**. It no longer receives updates, bug fixes, or pull request reviews. BoredOS represents a complete architectural reboot, applying years of lessons learned to create a cleaner, more modular, and more capable system.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Please ensure all issues, discussions, and contributions are directed to this repository. Legacy BrewKernel code is preserved for historical purposes only and is not compatible with BoredOS.
+
+---
 
 ## License
 
-Copyright (C) 2024-2026 boreddevnl
+**Copyright (C) 2024-2026 boreddevnl**
 
-This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+Distributed under the **GNU General Public License v3**. See the `LICENSE` file for details. 
 
-NOTICE
+> [!IMPORTANT]
-------
+> This product includes software developed by Chris ("boreddevnl"). You must retain all copyright headers and include the original attribution in any redistributions or derivative works. See the `NOTICE` file for more details.
-
-This product includes software developed by Chris ("boreddevnl") as part of the BoredOS (Previously Brewkernel/BrewOS) project.
-
-Copyright (C) 2024–2026 Chris / boreddevnl (previously boreddevhq)
-
-All source files in this repository contain copyright and license
-headers that must be preserved in redistributions and derivative works.
-
-If you distribute or modify this project (in whole or in part),
-you MUST:
-
-  - Retain all copyright and license headers at the top of each file.
-  - Include this NOTICE file along with any redistributions or
-    derivative works.
-  - Provide clear attribution to the original author in documentation
-    or credits where appropriate.
-
-The above attribution requirements are informational and intended to
-ensure proper credit is given. They do not alter or supersede the
-terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), which governs this work.

build.log

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+mkdir -p build
+mkdir -p build
+nasm -f elf64 src/arch/boot.asm -o build/boot.o
+nasm -f elf64 src/arch/gdt_asm.asm -o build/gdt_asm.o
+nasm -f elf64 src/arch/interrupts.asm -o build/interrupts.o
+nasm -f elf64 src/arch/process_asm.asm -o build/process_asm.o
+nasm -f elf64 src/arch/syscalls.asm -o build/syscalls.o
+nasm -f elf64 src/arch/test_syscall.asm -o build/test_syscall.o
+nasm -f elf64 src/arch/user_test.asm -o build/user_test.o
+Building Limine host utility...
+make[1]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/core/kutils.c -o build/kutils.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/core/main.c -o build/main.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/core/version.c -o build/version.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/elf.c -o build/elf.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/core/platform.c -o build/platform.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/core/panic.c -o build/panic.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/idt.c -o build/idt.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/gdt.c -o build/gdt.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/kernel_subsystem.c -o build/kernel_subsystem.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/lapic.c -o build/lapic.o
+src/sys/idt.c: In function 'pic_remap':
+src/sys/idt.c:120:17: warning: variable 'a2' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
+  120 |     uint8_t a1, a2;
+      |                 ^~
+src/sys/idt.c:120:13: warning: variable 'a1' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
+  120 |     uint8_t a1, a2;
+      |             ^~
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/module_manager.c -o build/module_manager.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/process.c -o build/process.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/smp.c -o build/smp.o
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/syscall.c -o build/syscall.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/sysfs_init.c -o build/sysfs_init.o
+src/sys/smp.c: In function 'smp_init':
+src/sys/smp.c:171:14: warning: variable 'bsp_index' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
+  171 |     uint32_t bsp_index = 0;
+      |              ^~~~~~~~~
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/sys/work_queue.c -o build/work_queue.o
+mkdir -p build/
+src/sys/sysfs_init.c:11:13: warning: 'sys_itoa' defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
+   11 | static void sys_itoa(int n, char *s) {
+      |             ^~~~~~~~
+mkdir -p build/
+src/sys/syscall.c: In function 'syscall_handler_inner':
+src/sys/syscall.c:493:28: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
+  493 |             float scale = *(float*)&scale_bits;
+      |                            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/sys/syscall.c:561:28: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
+  561 |             float scale = *(float*)&scale_bits;
+      |                            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/sys/syscall.c:569:28: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
+  569 |             float slope = *(float*)&slope_bits;
+      |                            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/mem/memory_manager.c -o build/memory_manager.o
+src/sys/syscall.c:695:21: warning: unused variable 'win' [-Wunused-variable]
+  695 |             Window *win = (Window *)arg2;
+      |                     ^~~
+src/sys/syscall.c:725:28: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
+  725 |             float scale = *(float*)&scale_bits;
+      |                            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/sys/syscall.c:762:28: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
+  762 |             float scale = *(float*)&scale_bits;
+      |                            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/mem/paging.c -o build/paging.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/mem/vm.c -o build/vm.o
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/dev/disk_manager.c -o build/disk_manager.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/dev/ahci.c -o build/ahci.o
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/dev/pci.c -o build/pci.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/dev/ps2.c -o build/ps2.o
+src/dev/pci.c: In function 'pci_enumerate_devices':
+src/dev/pci.c:52:31: warning: comparison is always true due to limited range of data type [-Wtype-limits]
+   52 |     for (uint8_t bus = 0; bus < 256 && count < max_devices; bus++) {
+      |                               ^
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/dev/rtc.c -o build/rtc.o
+src/dev/rtc.c: In function 'rtc_get_datetime':
+src/dev/rtc.c:28:13: warning: unused variable 'last_century' [-Wunused-variable]
+   28 |     uint8_t last_century;
+      |             ^~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/dev/rtc.c:21:13: warning: unused variable 'century' [-Wunused-variable]
+   21 |     uint8_t century;
+      |             ^~~~~~~
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/net/lwip_port.c -o build/lwip_port.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/net/network.c -o build/network.o
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/net/nic/e1000.c -o build/e1000.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/net/nic/nic.c -o build/nic.o
+src/net/network.c: In function 'network_dhcp_acquire':
+src/net/network.c:186:9: warning: unused variable 'loops' [-Wunused-variable]
+  186 |     int loops = 0;
+      |         ^~~~~
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/net/nic/nic_netif.c -o build/nic_netif.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/net/nic/rtl8111.c -o build/rtl8111.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/net/nic/rtl8139.c -o build/rtl8139.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/net/nic/virtio_net.c -o build/virtio_net.o
+mkdir -p build/
+src/net/network.c: In function 'network_init':
+src/net/network.c:93:9: warning: 'ip.bytes[0]' may be used uninitialized [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
+   93 |         k_itoa(ip.bytes[0], buf); serial_write(buf); serial_write(".");
+      |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/net/network.c:88:24: note: 'ip.bytes[0]' was declared here
+   88 |         ipv4_address_t ip;
+      |                        ^~
+src/net/network.c:94:9: warning: 'ip.bytes[1]' may be used uninitialized [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
+   94 |         k_itoa(ip.bytes[1], buf); serial_write(buf); serial_write(".");
+      |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/net/network.c:88:24: note: 'ip.bytes[1]' was declared here
+   88 |         ipv4_address_t ip;
+      |                        ^~
+src/net/network.c:95:9: warning: 'ip.bytes[2]' may be used uninitialized [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
+   95 |         k_itoa(ip.bytes[2], buf); serial_write(buf); serial_write(".");
+      |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/net/network.c:88:24: note: 'ip.bytes[2]' was declared here
+   88 |         ipv4_address_t ip;
+      |                        ^~
+src/net/network.c:96:9: warning: 'ip.bytes[3]' may be used uninitialized [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
+   96 |         k_itoa(ip.bytes[3], buf); serial_write(buf); serial_write("\n");
+      |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/net/network.c:88:24: note: 'ip.bytes[3]' was declared here
+   88 |         ipv4_address_t ip;
+      |                        ^~
+src/net/nic/rtl8111.c: In function 'rtl8111_init':
+src/net/nic/rtl8111.c:67:14: warning: unused variable 'bar2' [-Wunused-variable]
+   67 |     uint32_t bar2 = pci_read_config(pci_dev->bus, pci_dev->device, pci_dev->function, 0x18);
+      |              ^~~~
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/fs/fat32.c -o build/fat32.o
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/fs/procfs.c -o build/procfs.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/fs/sysfs.c -o build/sysfs.o
+src/fs/fat32.c: In function 'realfs_delete_from_vol':
+src/fs/fat32.c:1110:14: warning: variable 'entry_offset' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
+ 1110 |     uint32_t entry_offset = 0;
+      |              ^~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/fat32.c:1109:14: warning: variable 'entry_sector' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
+ 1109 |     uint32_t entry_sector = 0;
+      |              ^~~~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/sysfs.c: In function 'sysfs_open':
+src/fs/sysfs.c:12:31: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   12 | static void* sysfs_open(void *fs_private, const char *path, const char *mode) {
+      |                         ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/sysfs.c:12:73: warning: unused parameter 'mode' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   12 | static void* sysfs_open(void *fs_private, const char *path, const char *mode) {
+      |                                                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~
+src/fs/sysfs.c: In function 'sysfs_close':
+src/fs/sysfs.c:43:31: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   43 | static void sysfs_close(void *fs_private, void *handle) {
+      |                         ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/sysfs.c: In function 'sysfs_read':
+src/fs/sysfs.c:47:29: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   47 | static int sysfs_read(void *fs_private, void *handle, void *buf, int size) {
+      |                       ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/sysfs.c: In function 'sysfs_write':
+src/fs/sysfs.c:56:30: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   56 | static int sysfs_write(void *fs_private, void *handle, const void *buf, int size) {
+      |                        ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/sysfs.c: In function 'sysfs_readdir':
+src/fs/sysfs.c:86:49: warning: comparison of integer expressions of different signedness: 'size_t' {aka 'long unsigned int'} and 'int' [-Wsign-compare]
+   86 |         if (path_len == 0 || (k_strlen(s->name) > path_len && k_strncmp(s->name, path, path_len) == 0 && s->name[path_len] == '/')) {
+      |                                                 ^
+src/fs/sysfs.c:65:32: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   65 | static int sysfs_readdir(void *fs_private, const char *path, vfs_dirent_t *entries, int max) {
+      |                          ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/sysfs.c: In function 'sysfs_exists':
+src/fs/sysfs.c:142:31: warning: comparison of integer expressions of different signedness: 'size_t' {aka 'long unsigned int'} and 'int' [-Wsign-compare]
+  142 |         if (k_strlen(s->name) > path_len && k_strncmp(s->name, path, path_len) == 0 && s->name[path_len] == '/') return true;
+      |                               ^
+src/fs/sysfs.c:116:32: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+  116 | static bool sysfs_exists(void *fs_private, const char *path) {
+      |                          ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/procfs.c: In function 'procfs_open':
+src/fs/procfs.c:15:25: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   15 | void* procfs_open(void *fs_private, const char *path, const char *mode) {
+      |                   ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/procfs.c:15:67: warning: unused parameter 'mode' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   15 | void* procfs_open(void *fs_private, const char *path, const char *mode) {
+      |                                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~
+src/fs/procfs.c: In function 'procfs_close':
+src/fs/procfs.c:50:25: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   50 | void procfs_close(void *fs_private, void *handle) {
+      |                   ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/procfs.c: In function 'procfs_read':
+src/fs/procfs.c:54:23: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+   54 | int procfs_read(void *fs_private, void *handle, void *buf, int size) {
+      |                 ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/procfs.c: In function 'procfs_write':
+src/fs/procfs.c:178:24: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+  178 | int procfs_write(void *fs_private, void *handle, const void *buf, int size) {
+      |                  ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/procfs.c: In function 'procfs_readdir':
+src/fs/procfs.c:200:26: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+  200 | int procfs_readdir(void *fs_private, const char *path, vfs_dirent_t *entries, int max) {
+      |                    ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/procfs.c: In function 'procfs_exists':
+src/fs/procfs.c:241:26: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+  241 | bool procfs_exists(void *fs_private, const char *path) {
+      |                    ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+src/fs/procfs.c: In function 'procfs_is_dir':
+src/fs/procfs.c:264:26: warning: unused parameter 'fs_private' [-Wunused-parameter]
+  264 | bool procfs_is_dir(void *fs_private, const char *path) {
+      |                    ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/fs/tar.c -o build/tar.o
+mkdir -p build/
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/fs/vfs.c -o build/vfs.o
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/wm/cmd.c -o build/cmd.o
+mkdir -p build/
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/wm/explorer.c -o build/explorer.o
+src/wm/cmd.c: In function 'internal_cmd_cd':
+src/wm/cmd.c:1014:13: error: too few arguments to function 'vfs_normalize_path'; expected 3, have 2
+ 1014 |             vfs_normalize_path(full_path, normalized_path);
+      |             ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+In file included from src/wm/cmd.c:11:
+src/fs/vfs.h:111:6: note: declared here
+  111 | void vfs_normalize_path(const char *cwd, const char *path, char *normalized);
+      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+mkdir -p build/
+make: *** [build/cmd.o] Error 1
+make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
+x86_64-elf-gcc -g -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu11 -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fno-lto -fPIE -m64 -march=x86-64 -msse -msse2 -mstackrealign -mno-red-zone -Isrc -Isrc/net/lwip -Isrc/core -Isrc/sys -Isrc/mem -Isrc/dev -Isrc/net -Isrc/net/nic -Isrc/fs -Isrc/wm -c src/wm/font_manager.c -o build/font_manager.o
+src/wm/explorer.c: In function 'explorer_draw_file_icon':
+src/wm/explorer.c:885:73: warning: unused parameter 'color' [-Wunused-parameter]
+  885 | static void explorer_draw_file_icon(int x, int y, bool is_dir, uint32_t color, const char *filename, const char *current_path) {
+      |                                                                ~~~~~~~~~^~~~~
+src/wm/explorer.c: In function 'explorer_paint':
+src/wm/explorer.c:922:15: warning: unused variable 'dirty' [-Wunused-variable]
+  922 |     DirtyRect dirty = graphics_get_dirty_rect();
+      |               ^~~~~
+In file included from src/wm/font_manager.c:4:
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h: In function 'stbtt_FreeShape':
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h:2672:54: warning: unused parameter 'info' [-Wunused-parameter]
+ 2672 | STBTT_DEF void stbtt_FreeShape(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, stbtt_vertex *v)
+      |                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h: In function 'stbtt__hheap_alloc':
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h:2770:70: warning: unused parameter 'userdata' [-Wunused-parameter]
+ 2770 | static void *stbtt__hheap_alloc(stbtt__hheap *hh, size_t size, void *userdata)
+      |                                                                ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h: In function 'stbtt__hheap_cleanup':
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h:2797:58: warning: unused parameter 'userdata' [-Wunused-parameter]
+ 2797 | static void stbtt__hheap_cleanup(stbtt__hheap *hh, void *userdata)
+      |                                                    ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h: In function 'stbtt_FlattenCurves':
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h:3618:154: warning: unused parameter 'userdata' [-Wunused-parameter]
+ 3618 | static stbtt__point *stbtt_FlattenCurves(stbtt_vertex *vertices, int num_verts, float objspace_flatness, int **contour_lengths, int *num_contours, void *userdata)
+      |                                                                                                                                                    ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h: In function 'stbtt_FreeBitmap':
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h:3708:62: warning: unused parameter 'userdata' [-Wunused-parameter]
+ 3708 | STBTT_DEF void stbtt_FreeBitmap(unsigned char *bitmap, void *userdata)
+      |                                                        ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h: In function 'stbtt_FreeSDF':
+src/wm/stb_truetype.h:4767:59: warning: unused parameter 'userdata' [-Wunused-parameter]
+ 4767 | STBTT_DEF void stbtt_FreeSDF(unsigned char *bitmap, void *userdata)
+      |                                                     ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
+src/wm/font_manager.c: In function 'font_manager_load':
+src/wm/font_manager.c:112:9: warning: unused variable 'read' [-Wunused-variable]
+  112 |     int read = fat32_read(fh, buffer, fsize);
+      |         ^~~~

docs/README.md

@@ -1,25 +1,35 @@
-# BoredOS Documentation
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>BoredOS Documentation</h1>
+  <p><em>Internal guides, architecture, and application development.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
 
 Welcome to the internal documentation for BoredOS! This directory contains detailed guides on how the OS functions, how to build it, and how to develop applications for it.
 
-## Table of Contents
+## 📚 Table of Contents
 
 The documentation is organized into three main categories:
 
-### 1. [Architecture](architecture/)
+### 1. 🏗️ [Architecture](architecture/)
 Explains the logical layout of the kernel and internal components.
 -   [`Core`](architecture/core.md): Kernel source layout and the boot process (Limine, Multiboot2).
 -   [`Memory`](architecture/memory.md): Physical Memory Management (PMM) and Virtual Memory Management (VMM).
 -   [`Filesystem`](architecture/filesystem.md): Virtual File System (VFS) and the RAM-based FAT32 simulation.
 -   [`Window Manager`](architecture/window_manager.md): How the built-in Window Manager natively handles graphics, events, and compositing.
 
-### 2. [Building and Deployment](build/)
+### 2. 🔨 [Building and Deployment](build/)
 Instructions for compiling the OS from source.
 -   [`Toolchain`](build/toolchain.md): Prerequisites and cross-compiler setup (`x86_64-elf-gcc`, `nasm`, `xorriso`).
 -   [`Usage`](build/usage.md): Understanding the Makefile targets, QEMU emulation, and flashing to bare metal hardware.
 
-### 3. [Application Development](appdev/)
+### 3. 🚀 [Application Development](appdev/)
 The SDK and toolchain guides for creating your own `.elf` userland binaries.
 -   [`SDK Reference`](appdev/sdk_reference.md): Explanation of the custom `libc` wrappers (`stdlib.h`, `string.h`) and system calls.
 -   [`UI API`](appdev/ui_api.md): Drawing on the screen, creating windows, and polling the event loop using `libui.h`.
+-   [`Widget API`](appdev/widget_api.md): High-level UI components like buttons, textboxes, and scrollbars using `libwidget.h`.
 -   [`Custom Apps`](appdev/custom_apps.md): A step-by-step tutorial on writing a new graphical C application, editing the Makefile, and bundling it into the ISO.
+-   [`Example Apps`](appdev/examples/README.md): A collection of sample C applications ranging from basic terminal output to advanced TCP networking.
+-   [`Grapher`](appdev/grapher.md): Full reference for the built-in mathematical graphing application — equation syntax, keyboard controls, architecture, and configuration.
+
+---

docs/appdev/custom_apps.md

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
-# Creating a Custom App (Step-by-Step)
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Creating a Custom App</h1>
+  <p><em>A step-by-step tutorial on writing a new graphical C application.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
 
 This guide explains how to write a new "Hello World" application locally, compile it as an `.elf` binary into the `bin/` folder, and launch it inside BoredOS.
 
+> [!TIP]
+> **Looking for working code?** Check out the [Examples Directory](examples/README.md) for full source code demonstrating basic CLI, Windows, Animations, and TCP Networking.
+
 ## Step 1: Write the C Source
 
 Applications reside entirely in the `src/userland/` directory. Create a new file, for example, `src/userland/gui/hello.c`.
@@ -76,4 +84,7 @@ The main overarching `Makefile` (in the project root) takes binaries from `src/u
 3.  Type `hello` in the terminal and press Enter.
 4.  Your custom window will appear!
 
-*you can also open your app by opening the file explorer and navigating to the bin directory and double clicking the executable.*
+> [!NOTE]
+> You can also open your app by opening the file explorer, navigating to the `bin` directory, and double-clicking the executable.
+
+---

docs/appdev/examples/01_hello_cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Example 01: Hello CLI</h1>
+  <p><em>The absolute basics. Writing a terminal program.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
+
+This example demonstrates the bare minimum structure of a BoredOS application that outputs text to the standard output (usually the Terminal executing the binary).
+
+## 📝 Concepts Introduced
+* Including `stdlib.h` for basic IO.
+* The `main()` entry point.
+* Using `printf()` for formatted output.
+
+---
+
+## 💻 The Code (`src/userland/cli/hello_world.c`)
+
+```c
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    // Standard library initialization is handled automatically by crt0.asm
+    
+    // Print a simple string to the terminal
+    printf("Hello, World from BoredOS Userland!\n");
+    
+    // Print some formatted data
+    int favorite_number = 67;
+    printf("Did you know my favorite number is %d?\n", favorite_number);
+    
+    // Returning from main automatically terminates the process cleanly
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## 🛠️ How it Works
+
+1.  **`#include <stdlib.h>`**: We include the SDK's standard library header which gives us access to `printf`.
+2.  **`int main(...)`**: Every process begins execution here (managed transparently by `crt0.asm`).
+3.  **`printf(...)`**: The SDK routes this call internally directly to the `SYS_WRITE` system call, making it available on the terminal.
+4.  **`return 0`**: A successful exit code. 
+
+## 🚀 Running It
+
+If you build the project, you can open the Terminal and type:
+```sh
+/ # hello_world
+Hello, World from BoredOS Userland!
+Did you know my favorite number is 67?
+/ # 
+```

docs/appdev/examples/02_basic_window.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Example 02: Basic Window</h1>
+  <p><em>An introduction to libui and creating graphical apps.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
+
+This example demonstrates how to create an empty window that stays active on the screen until the user explicitly closes it by clicking the 'X' button.
+
+## 📝 Concepts Introduced
+* Including `libui.h` and the event structure.
+* Creating a `ui_window_t` handle.
+* Creating an infinite event loop using `ui_get_event()`.
+* Yielding CPU time to the kernel via `sys_yield()`.
+
+---
+
+## 💻 The Code (`src/userland/gui/basic_window.c`)
+
+```c
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <libui.h>
+#include <syscall.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+    // 1. Ask the Window Manager to create a new window
+    // Arguments are: Title, X Position, Y Position, Width, Height
+    ui_window_t wid = ui_window_create("My First GUI", 100, 100, 400, 300);
+    
+    if (wid < 0) {
+        printf("Failed to create the window!\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // 2. Define our event object
+    gui_event_t event;
+
+    // 3. Enter the main event loop
+    while (1) {
+        // ui_get_event is non-blocking. It returns true if an event was waiting.
+        if (ui_get_event(wid, &event)) {
+            
+            // Check what type of event occurred
+            if (event.type == GUI_EVENT_CLOSE) {
+                // The user clicked the 'X' button in the titlebar!
+                printf("Window closed cleanly by user.\n");
+                break; // Break the infinite loop
+            }
+        }
+        
+        // 4. CRITICAL: Yield the remainder of our timeslice
+        // If we don't do this, the while(1) loop will consume 100% of the CPU
+        // and starve the rest of the OS!
+        sys_yield();
+    }
+
+    // Returning from main will automatically destroy the window and exit the process.
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## 🛠️ How it Works
+
+1.  **Window Handle (`wid`)**: `ui_window_create` sends a request to the kernel. The kernel allocates the memory for the window and returns a numerical ID (the handle) that we use for all future interactions with that specific window.
+2.  **The Event Loop**: Graphical programs run forever until closed. The `while (1)` loop serves this purpose.
+3.  **Polling**: `ui_get_event` asks the kernel, "Hey, did the user click my window or press a key since the last time I asked?". It is non-blocking, so it immediately returns `false` if nothing happened.
+4.  **CPU Yielding**: Since we are constantly polling in a tight loop, we call `sys_yield()` at the end of the loop frame. This politely tells the OS scheduler, "I'm done checking for events, go ahead and let another program run for a bit."
+
+## 🚀 Running It
+
+Launch the Terminal and type `basic_window`. You'll see an empty window appear that you can move around the screen!

docs/appdev/examples/03_bouncing_ball.md

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Example 03: Bouncing Ball</h1>
+  <p><em>Animating graphics and managing application state.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
+
+This example builds upon the `02_basic_window` guide. It demonstrates how to constantly update the screen to simulate a bouncing square moving freely inside the window bounds.
+
+## 📝 Concepts Introduced
+* Maintaining application state across frames (Velocity/Position).
+* Drawing primitives (`ui_fill_rect`, `ui_draw_string`).
+* The importance of clearing the screen on a new frame.
+* Explicitly forcing standard visual updates via `ui_mark_dirty()`.
+
+---
+
+## 💻 The Code (`src/userland/gui/bounce.c`)
+
+```c
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <libui.h>
+#include <syscall.h>
+
+// Window Dimensions
+#define W_WIDTH  400
+#define W_HEIGHT 300
+// Square Dimensions
+#define SQ_SIZE  30
+
+int main(void) {
+    ui_window_t wid = ui_window_create("Bouncing Box Animation", 50, 50, W_WIDTH, W_HEIGHT);
+    if (wid < 0) return 1;
+
+    // Define object state variables
+    int pos_x = 50;
+    int pos_y = 50;
+    int vel_x = 2; // Move 2 pixels per frame horizontally
+    int vel_y = 2; // Move 2 pixels per frame vertically
+
+    gui_event_t event;
+    while (1) {
+        // 1. Process Events
+        while (ui_get_event(wid, &event)) {
+            if (event.type == GUI_EVENT_CLOSE) {
+                return 0; // Exit cleanly
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2. Physics & Logic Update
+        pos_x += vel_x;
+        pos_y += vel_y;
+
+        // Collision logic (Bounce off edges)
+        // The window has a 20px title bar, so the usable client height is W_HEIGHT - 20.
+        if (pos_x <= 0 || pos_x + SQ_SIZE >= W_WIDTH) {
+            vel_x = -vel_x; // Reverse horizontal direction
+        }
+        if (pos_y <= 0 || pos_y + SQ_SIZE >= W_HEIGHT - 20) {
+            vel_y = -vel_y; // Reverse vertical direction
+        }
+
+        // 3. Rendering Update
+        // Step A: Clear the entire background to Black (0xFF000000)
+        ui_draw_rect(wid, 0, 0, W_WIDTH, W_HEIGHT, 0xFF000000);
+
+        // Step B: Draw our shape in Red (0xFFFF0000) at the new position
+        ui_draw_rect(wid, pos_x, pos_y, SQ_SIZE, SQ_SIZE, 0xFFFF0000);
+        
+        // Step C: Draw some UI text over the animation in White
+        ui_draw_string(wid, 10, 10, "BoredOS Animation Demo!", 0xFFFFFFFF);
+
+        // Step D: Instruct the compositor to flush our drawing buffer to the physical screen
+        ui_mark_dirty(wid, 0, 0, W_WIDTH, W_HEIGHT);
+
+        // 4. Yield and throttle
+        sys_yield();
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## 🛠️ How it Works
+
+1.  **State Management**: We store `pos_x`, `pos_y`, `vel_x`, and `vel_y`. These variables represent the "physics" of our system. Notice that they update *outside* the event-checking logic so that the animation runs even if the user isn't clicking the mouse.
+2.  **Screen Clearing**: We *must* fill the screen with black (`ui_draw_rect(wid, 0, 0, W_WIDTH, W_HEIGHT, ...)`). If we don't clear the screen, the red square will leave a permanent trailing smear everywhere it goes!
+3.  **The Double Buffer**: `ui_draw_rect` and `ui_draw_string` do not immediately appear on your monitor. They just color a hidden buffer within the kernel. 
+4.  **`ui_mark_dirty`**: This is the crucial command that tells the kernel Window Manager, "I'm done drawing my frame. Can you quickly copy my hidden buffer over to the real screen now?"
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> Because `sys_yield()`'s pause duration depends heavily on CPU load and how many other processes are running (or QEMU emulation speed), tying physics/movement strictly to loops can make the game run faster on faster computers. Advanced developers will want to calculate delta time (time elapsed since the last frame) for smooth motion.

docs/appdev/examples/04_tcp_client.md

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Example 04: TCP HTTP Client</h1>
+  <p><em>Utilizing lwIP to establish an outbound TCP connection.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
+
+This advanced example demonstrates the steps required to use the raw network system calls to establish a connection with an external HTTP server and dump the response over the terminal.
+
+## 📝 Concepts Introduced
+* Verifying the network state (`sys_network_is_initialized`, `sys_network_has_ip`).
+* Performing DNS lookups manually via `sys_dns_lookup`.
+* Managing strict TCP flow logic (`sys_tcp_connect`, send, block for receive).
+* Using the terminal `SYS_WRITE` output for debugging.
+
+---
+
+## 💻 The Code (`src/userland/cli/http_get.c`)
+
+```c
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <syscall.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  if (!sys_network_is_initialized() || !sys_network_has_ip()) {
+    printf("Network is unreachable! Make sure you inited the network first!\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  // 1. Resolve host name to IP
+  const char *target_host = "boreddev.nl";
+  net_ipv4_address_t server_ip;
+
+  printf("Resolving %s...\n", target_host);
+  if (sys_dns_lookup(target_host, &server_ip) < 0) {
+    printf("DNS Lookup failed.\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+  printf("Resolved to: %d.%d.%d.%d\n", server_ip.bytes[0], server_ip.bytes[1],
+         server_ip.bytes[2], server_ip.bytes[3]);
+
+  // 2. Establish a TCP connection on port 80 (HTTP)
+  printf("Connecting...\n");
+  if (sys_tcp_connect(&server_ip, 80) < 0) {
+    printf("Connection failed.\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+  printf("Connected! Sending GET request...\n");
+
+  // 3. Format and send the raw HTTP Request
+  char request[256];
+  strcpy(request, "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: ");
+  strcat(request, target_host);
+  strcat(request, "\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n");
+
+  if (sys_tcp_send(request, strlen(request)) < 0) {
+    printf("Failed to send data.\n");
+    sys_tcp_close();
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  // 4. Block and wait for response data
+  char recv_buf[512];
+  int bytes_received;
+
+  printf("\n--- RESPONSE ---\n");
+  while ((bytes_received = sys_tcp_recv(recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf) - 1)) > 0) {
+    recv_buf[bytes_received] = '\0'; // Null-terminate the chunk
+    printf("%s", recv_buf);          // Print the chunk to stdout
+  }
+
+  // 5. Cleanup
+  printf("\n--- END RESPONSE ---\n");
+  sys_tcp_close();
+  printf("Connection closed.\n");
+
+  return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## 🛠️ How it Works
+
+1.  **Network Setup**: First, we must ensure the host machine or QEMU environment gave BoredOS a valid IP address via DHCP. The `sys_network_has_ip()` check prevents our app from hanging trying to route data to nowhere.
+2.  **DNS (`sys_dns_lookup`)**: Since we want to connect to a domain name, not a raw IP, we query the DNS server configured by the OS (which it received via DHCP).
+3.  **Connection (`sys_tcp_connect`)**: We block the application thread while the OS performs the 3-way TCP handshake over port 80.
+4.  **Payload (`sys_tcp_send`)**: We format a compliant HTTP/1.1 payload representing a simple GET request for the root directory `/`.
+5.  **Chunked Receiving (`sys_tcp_recv`)**: The server's response might be larger than our `recv_buf` (512 bytes). Therefore, we loop. `sys_tcp_recv` blocks execution until data arrives. If it returns `0`, the remote server cleanly closed the connection (which happens automatically because we specified `Connection: close` in our request payload!).
+
+## 🚀 Running It
+
+Make sure QEMU is running with networking enabled. Launch the terminal and type `http_get`. You will see the raw headers and HTML source of the target webpage scroll down the CLI interface!

docs/appdev/examples/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Example Applications</h1>
+  <p><em>From basic output to complex Graphical and Network applications.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
+
+Welcome to the examples directory! These guides are designed to help you understand how to write C applications for the BoredOS userland, utilizing the custom `libc` SDK. 
+
+The examples are listed in order of increasing complexity. Click on a tutorial to view the complete source code and an explanation of the concepts it introduces.
+
+## 🟢 Beginner
+
+*   **[`01_hello_cli.md`](01_hello_cli.md)**: The absolute basics. Learn how to write a simple Terminal program that outputs text and processes standard system calls.
+*   **[`02_basic_window.md`](02_basic_window.md)**: An introduction to `libui.h`. Learn how to create an empty window, set up a basic event loop, and handle the "Close" button cleanly.
+
+## 🟡 Intermediate
+
+*   **[`03_bouncing_ball.md`](03_bouncing_ball.md)**: Dive deeper into graphical rendering. This example introduces the `ui_mark_dirty` command, framerate independence via `sys_yield()`, and state management to animate a shape moving around the screen and bouncing off the window edges.
+
+## 🔴 Advanced
+
+*   **[`04_tcp_client.md`](04_tcp_client.md)**: Using the lwIP networking stack. This example demonstrates how to perform a DNS lookup, connect to an external server over TCP (like an HTTP server), send a raw request, and print the response to the terminal.
+
+---
+
+> [!TIP]
+> If you want to test these out, simply create a new `.c` file in `src/userland/cli/` (for terminal apps) or `src/userland/gui/` (for windowed apps), paste the example code, then run `make clean && make run` from the project root!

docs/appdev/grapher.md

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Grapher</h1>
+  <p><em>An interactive mathematical expression plotter for BoredOS, supporting both 2D and 3D visualizations.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
+
+Grapher is a built-in GUI application that lets you type any mathematical equation and see it plotted in real time. It supports 2D explicit and implicit curves as well as full 3D surface visualization — including both explicit surfaces (`z = f(x, y)`) and implicit surfaces (`f(x, y, z) = c`).
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Grapher is located at `src/userland/gui/grapher.c`. It runs as a standard BoredOS GUI process and can be launched from the terminal or from the dock.
+
+---
+
+## Features at a Glance
+
+| Feature | Details |
+|---|---|
+| **2D Explicit** | Plot `y = f(x)` curves |
+| **2D Implicit** | Plot any `f(x, y) = g(x, y)` contour via marching squares |
+| **3D Explicit** | Plot `z = f(x, y)` surfaces |
+| **3D Implicit** | Plot any `f(x, y, z) = c` surface  |
+| **Rendering modes** | Wireframe and filled polygon modes |
+| **Height coloring** | Surfaces are colored by a blue→green→yellow→red gradient based on Z height |
+| **Phong-style shading** | Filled mode computes per-face normals and applies diffuse + ambient lighting |
+| **Parallel rendering** | Evaluation and projection are distributed across 4 worker threads via `sys_parallel_run` |
+| **Preset equations** | 7 built-in presets accessible from the toolbar |
+| **Auto-fit** | 2D view auto-fits the Y axis to the plotted curve on first plot |
+| **Atomic Color-Depth Buffer** | All 3D drawing uses a 64-bit atomic buffer to prevent depth/color race conditions |
+
+---
+
+## Launching Grapher
+
+From the BoredOS terminal:
+```sh
+grapher
+```
+
+Or click the **Grapher icon** in the system dock.
+
+---
+
+
+
+### Toolbar Controls
+
+| Control | Function |
+|---|---|
+| **Equation box** | Type your mathematical expression, then press **Enter** or **Plot** |
+| **Plot button** | Parse and render the current equation |
+| **Wire / Filled button** | Toggle wireframe vs. shaded polygon mode (3D only) |
+| **Presets button** | Open a dropdown of example equations |
+
+### Status Bar Controls (3D mode)
+
+| Control | Function |
+|---|---|
+| **`+` button** | Increase the 3D world range (zoom out in world space) |
+| **`-` button** | Decrease the 3D world range (zoom in in world space) |
+
+---
+
+## Keyboard Shortcuts
+
+| Shortcut | Action |
+|---|---|
+| **Enter** (in equation box) | Plot the equation |
+| **Ctrl + R** | Reset the view to defaults |
+| **F** | Toggle filled / wireframe rendering (3D mode) |
+| **Scroll wheel** | Zoom in/out (2D mode adjusts viewport; 3D mode adjusts camera zoom) |
+| **Right-click drag** | Rotate the 3D surface |
+
+---
+
+## Writing Equations
+
+Grapher parses equations entered as plain text. It supports a subset of mathematical notation with automatic implicit multiplication.
+
+### Supported Functions
+
+| Syntax | Meaning |
+|---|---|
+| `sin(x)` | Sine |
+| `cos(x)` | Cosine |
+| `tan(x)` | Tangent |
+| `sqrt(x)` | Square root |
+| `abs(x)` | Absolute value |
+| `log(x)` | Natural logarithm (base *e*) |
+
+### Supported Operators
+
+| Operator | Meaning |
+|---|---|
+| `+` `-` `*` `/` | Arithmetic |
+| `^` | Exponentiation (right-associative) |
+| `(` `)` | Grouping |
+
+### Special Values
+
+| Token | Value |
+|---|---|
+| `pi` or `PI` | π ≈ 3.14159… |
+
+### Implicit Multiplication
+
+Adjacent tokens that would normally require a `*` are multiplied automatically:
+
+```
+2x        → 2 * x
+3sin(x)   → 3 * sin(x)
+(x+1)(x)  → (x+1) * x
+```
+
+### How Equations Are Classified
+
+Grapher looks at which variables appear in your equation to automatically choose the rendering mode:
+
+| Equation form | Auto-detected as |
+|---|---|
+| `y = f(x)` or just `f(x)` | 2D explicit |
+| `f(x, y) = g(x, y)` | 2D implicit |
+| `z = f(x, y)` | 3D explicit |
+| `f(x, y, z) = c` | 3D implicit |
+
+If you omit the `=` sign, Grapher treats the input as `y = <expression>` when no `y` or `z` is present, or as `<expression> = 0` otherwise.
+
+---
+
+## Example Equations
+
+### 2D Examples
+
+```
+y = sin(x)
+y = x^2
+y = cos(x)*x
+y = abs(x) - 2
+x^2 + y^2 = 25          ← circle (implicit)
+y = log(x)
+```
+
+### 3D Explicit Examples
+
+```
+z = sin(x)*cos(y)
+z = x^2 - y^2           ← saddle surface
+z = sqrt(25 - x^2 - y^2)
+```
+
+### 3D Implicit Examples
+
+```
+x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 25    ← sphere
+x^2 + y^2 = 16          ← cylinder
+x^2 + y^2 - z^2 = 1     ← hyperboloid
+```
+
+---
+
+## Navigation Controls
+
+### 2D Mode
+
+| Input | Action |
+|---|---|
+| **Scroll up** | Zoom in |
+| **Scroll down** | Zoom out |
+| **Ctrl+R** | Reset to default view (`x: [-10, 10]`) |
+
+### 3D Mode
+
+| Input | Action |
+|---|---|
+| **Right-click drag** | Rotate the surface (orbit camera) |
+| **Scroll up** | Zoom camera in |
+| **Scroll down** | Zoom camera out |
+| **`+` / `-` buttons** | Increase / decrease world range |
+| **Ctrl+R** | Reset rotation and zoom |
+
+> [!TIP]
+> In 3D mode, the surface auto-rotates slowly by default. This can be disabled by setting `#define ROTATE 0` in the source file.
+
+---
+
+## Architecture Overview
+
+Grapher is implemented as a single self-contained C file. Below is a high-level breakdown of its major components:
+
+### Math Library
+
+Grapher uses the BoredOS freestanding **`libc/math.h`** library, which provides all the math functions it needs without depending on a host standard library:
+
+| Function | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `sin`, `cos`, `tan` | Trigonometry via Taylor series (8 terms, range-reduced to `[-π, π]`) |
+| `sqrt` | Newton-Raphson iteration (25 steps) |
+| `log` | Natural logarithm via Padé-style series |
+| `log2`, `log10` | Derived from `log` |
+| `exp` | Range-reduced Taylor series for `e^x` |
+| `pow` | Integer exponents use fast binary exponentiation; fractional exponents use `exp(e * log(b))` |
+| `fabs`, `fmod` | Absolute value and floating-point remainder |
+| `floor`, `ceil` | Rounding |
+| `sinh`, `cosh`, `tanh` | Hyperbolic functions |
+| `hypot`, `fmin`, `fmax`, `fclamp` | Utility helpers |
+
+The constants `M_PI`, `M_E`, `M_LN2`, `M_SQRT2` are also defined in the header.
+
+This library is automatically linked into every userland ELF — any app can `#include "math.h"` to use it.
+
+### Expression Parser
+
+Equations are parsed in three stages:
+
+1. **Tokenizer** (`tokenize`) — converts the input string into a flat token array. Handles implicit multiplication by inserting `*` tokens where needed.
+2. **Recursive Descent Parser** (`parse_expr`, `parse_term`, `parse_power`, `parse_unary`, `parse_atom`) — produces an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) with up to `MAX_NODES = 128` nodes.
+3. **Bytecode Compiler** (`compile_ast`) — walks the AST in post-order and emits a flat instruction sequence for a simple stack machine. This avoids recursive evaluation during rendering hot paths.
+
+The resulting bytecode is then executed by `run_bc` for every sample point.
+
+### Rendering Pipeline
+
+#### 2D Rendering
+
+- **Explicit** — evaluates `y = f(x)` at every pixel column and connects adjacent samples with Bresenham lines.
+- **Implicit** — applies **marching squares** on a 200×130 grid to find sign changes in `f(x,y) - g(x,y)` and plots intersection pixels.
+
+#### 3D Rendering
+
+The 3D pipeline uses a multi-pass system parallelized across worker threads:
+
+| Pass | Function | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| 1 | **Evaluation** | Samples the surface at grid points. For implicit surfaces, this uses **tri-axis marching**. |
+| 2 | **Projection** | Projects 3D world coordinates to 2D screen coordinates with perspective. |
+| 3 | **Drawing** | Rasterizes wireframe lines or filled triangles with Z-buffering. |
+
+##### Tri-Axis Marching (Implicit Surfaces)
+
+Unlike explicit surfaces that only need one evaluation per grid point, implicit surfaces require finding roots of $f(x, y, z) = 0$. To ensure complete surface connectivity and eliminate "cracks," Grapher marches along all three primary axes:
+
+1.  **X-Axis Pass**: For every $(y, z)$ pair, march along $x$.
+2.  **Y-Axis Pass**: For every $(x, z)$ pair, march along $y$.
+3.  **Z-Axis Pass**: For every $(x, y)$ pair, march along $z$.
+
+Each pass uses a multi-stage root finder (170 linear steps followed by 15 bisection iterations). By sampling along all three axes, the engine "catches" surfaces that are nearly parallel to any specific marching direction, ensuring that vertical walls and steep gradients are rendered solidly from any viewing angle.
+
+##### Atomic Color-Depth Buffer
+
+To prevent "z-fighting" and race conditions between parallel threads, Grapher uses a 64-bit atomic buffer (`graph_czb`). Each 64-bit word stores:
+-   **Upper 32 bits**: Z-depth (integer).
+-   **Lower 32 bits**: Pixel color (0xAARRGGBB).
+
+A single `__atomic_compare_exchange_n` operation ensures that a pixel's color and depth are updated together only if the new depth is closer to the camera than the existing one.
+
+Surface normals are estimated using central finite differences of the implicit function.
+
+#### Filled Mod
+
+When filled mode is active, each quad cell is split into two triangles. The average surface normal across the four corner vertices is computed and fed into `apply_shading`, which calculates:
+
+```
+intensity = ambient(0.3) + diffuse(0.7) * dot(normal, light_direction)
+```
+
+The light direction is fixed at `(0.577, 0.707, 0.408)` (normalized diagonal).
+
+#### Z-Buffer
+
+The depth buffer (`graph_zb`) stores integer depth values. `gfb_pixel_z` uses a **compare-and-swap (CAS) loop** via `__atomic_compare_exchange_n` so multiple parallel draw threads cannot produce race conditions.
+
+### Coordinate Systems
+
+#### 2D
+
+World coordinates map linearly to screen pixels:
+
+```c
+screen_x = (wx - view_x_min) / (view_x_max - view_x_min) * graph_w
+screen_y = (view_y_max - wy) / (view_y_max - view_y_min) * graph_h
+```
+
+#### 3D
+
+Points are first rotated by two Euler angles (`rot_y`, `rot_x`) then projected with a simple perspective divide:
+
+```
+persp = d / (pz + d)     // d = range_3d * 5
+sx    = px * scale * persp + screen_cx
+sy    = -py * scale * persp + screen_cy
+```
+
+---
+
+## Configuration Constants
+
+These can be changed at the top of `grapher.c` to tune behaviour:
+
+| Constant | Default | Effect |
+|---|---|---|
+| `ROTATE` | `1` | Set to `0` to disable auto-rotation in 3D mode |
+| `GRID_3D` | `41` | Grid resolution for 3D sampling. Higher = more detail, much slower |
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> Setting `GRID_3D` too high (e.g. 9000) will exhaust available memory. The `surf` grid and `surf_x`/`surf_y_3d` arrays are statically allocated at compile time: memory usage grows as **O(GRID_3D²)**. Values above ~512 are not recommended.
+
+> [!TIP]
+> `GRID_3D = 256` gives a good balance of detail and performance on typical BoredOS hardware emulation.
+
+---
+
+## Color Palette
+
+
+3D surfaces are colored by height using a 4-stop rainbow ramp:
+
+```
+Low  →  Blue → Cyan → Green → Yellow → Red  →  High
+```
+
+---
+
+## Preset Equations
+
+The built-in presets are shown in the dropdown when you click **Presets**:
+
+| Label | Type |
+|---|---|
+| `y = sin(x)` | 2D explicit |
+| `y = x^2` | 2D explicit |
+| `y = cos(x)*x` | 2D explicit |
+| `z = sin(x)*cos(y)` | 3D explicit |
+| `z = x^2 - y^2` | 3D explicit |
+| `x^2+y^2+z^2=25` | 3D implicit (sphere) |
+| `x^2+y^2=16` | 3D implicit (cylinder) |
+
+---
+
+## Known Limitations
+
+- **No parameter slider** — equations are static; there is no way to animate a parameter.
+- **No multiple equations** — only one equation can be graphed at a time.
+- **Implicit surface precision** — extremely thin or high-frequency implicit surfaces may still have small artifacts if the grid resolution (`GRID_3D`) is too low.
+- **3D implicit performance** — tri-axis marching evaluates the function significantly more times than explicit rendering; high resolutions will impact frame rate.
+- **Integer axis labels only for large values** — very large axis values are capped at `>2G` or `<-2G` due to `itoa` limitations.

docs/appdev/sdk_reference.md

@@ -1,36 +1,214 @@
-# Userland SDK Reference
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Userland SDK Reference</h1>
+  <p><em>Comprehensive manual for custom libc and system calls in BoredOS.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
 
 BoredOS provides a custom `libc` implementation necessary for writing userland applications (`.elf` binaries). By avoiding a full-blown standard library like `glibc`, the OS ensures a minimal executable footprint tailored strictly to the existing kernel features.
 
-## The Custom libc Structure (`src/userland/libc/`)
+All headers are located in `src/userland/libc/` (standard functions) and `src/wm/` (UI and widgets).
+-   `stdlib.h`: Memory, strings, and basic I/O.
+-   `math.h`: Freestanding floating-point math library.
+-   `libui.h`: Core window and drawing API.
+-   `libwidget.h`: High-level UI components.
 
-The SDK comprises a few key files containing wrappers around kernel system calls:
+## Standard Library (`stdlib.h` & `string.h`)
 
--   `stdlib.h` / `stdlib.c`: Memory allocation (`malloc`, `free`), integer conversion (`itoa`, `atoi`), printing (`printf`, `sprintf`), and random numbers (`rand`, `srand`).
+The standard library wrappers provide memory management, string manipulation, and basic IO formatting without needing direct syscalls.
--   `string.h` / `string.c`: String manipulation utilities (`strlen`, `strcpy`, `strcmp`, `memset`, `memcpy`).
--   `syscall.h` / `syscall.c`: The raw interface to issue `syscall` assembly instructions, routing requests to the kernel.
--   `libui.h` / `libui.c`: Graphical interface commands (creating windows, drawing pixels, events).
 
-## System Calls Overview
+### Memory Allocation
+*   `void* malloc(size_t size);` - Allocate a block of memory on the heap.
+*   `void free(void* ptr);` - Free a previously allocated memory block.
+*   `void* calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);` - Allocate and zero-out a block of memory for an array.
+*   `void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size);` - Resize an existing memory block.
 
-When a userland application wants to interact with the hardware (print to screen, read a file, create a window), it must ask the kernel via a **System Call**.
+### Memory Manipulation (`string.h`)
+*   `void* memset(void *s, int c, size_t n);` - Fill a block of memory with a specific byte.
+*   `void* memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);` - Copy memory from source to destination.
+*   `void* memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);` - Safely copy overlapping memory blocks.
+*   `int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);` - Compare two memory blocks.
 
-In BoredOS (`x86_64`), system calls are issued using the `syscall` instruction. The kernel intercepts this instruction and inspects the processor's RAX register to figure out *what* the application wants to do.
+### String Utilities
+*   `size_t strlen(const char *s);` - Get the length of a string.
+*   `int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);` - Compare two strings lexicographically.
+*   `char* strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);` - Copy a string to a destination buffer.
+*   `char* strcat(char *dest, const char *src);` - Concatenate two strings.
+
+### Conversion and Formatting
+*   `int atoi(const char *nptr);` - String to integer conversion.
+*   `void itoa(int n, char *buf);` - Integer to string conversion.
+
+### Input / Output
+*   `void puts(const char *s);` - Print a string followed by a newline to the standard output.
+*   `void printf(const char *fmt, ...);` - Formatted print to standard output (supports `%d`, `%s`, `%x`, etc.).
+
+### Process Control
+*   `void exit(int status);` - Terminate the current process.
+*   `void sleep(int ms);` - Pause execution for a specified number of milliseconds.
+
+---
+
+## Math Library (`math.h`)
+
+BoredOS ships a freestanding floating-point math library in `libc/math.h`. It uses pure arithmetic — Taylor series, Newton-Raphson, and range-reduction — with no dependency on a host `libm` or hardware math intrinsics. It is automatically linked into every userland ELF.
 
-The custom `libc` provides `syscallX` wrapper functions that abstract the assembly details:
 ```c
-// Example: Performing a minimal system call from userland
+#include "math.h"
-int sys_write(int fd, const char *buf, int len) {
-    return syscall3(SYS_WRITE, fd, (uint64_t)buf, len);
-}
 ```
 
-### Notable System Calls
+### Constants
 
--   **`SYS_WRITE` (1)**: Currently acts as a generic output mechanism for `printf`, typically routing text to the kernel's serial output for debugging, or to an active text-mode console.
+| Constant | Value | Description |
--   **`SYS_GUI` (3)**: The primary multiplexer for all window manager operations. The arguments define subcommands (like `UI_CREATE_WINDOW`, `UI_FILL_RECT`).
+|---|---|---|
--   **`SYS_FS` (4)**: Interacts with the virtual filesystem (e.g., `FS_CMD_OPEN`, `FS_CMD_READ`). Under the hood, this reads from the loaded RAMFS or an attached physical ATA disk via the native FAT32 driver.
+| `M_PI` | 3.14159… | π |
--   **`SYS_EXIT` (60)**: Terminates the current process and returns control to the kernel.
+| `M_E` | 2.71828… | Euler's number |
--   **`SYSTEM_CMD_YIELD` (43)**: Instructs the process scheduler to pause the current process and let another process run.
+| `M_LN2` | 0.69315… | Natural log of 2 |
+| `M_SQRT2` | 1.41421… | √2 |
+| `HUGE_VAL` | ~+∞ | Overflow sentinel |
 
-If you are developing a new application, **do not invoke syscalls manually**. Instead, include `stdlib.h` and use the C functions provided.
+### Functions
+
+#### Absolute value & remainder
+*   `double fabs(double x);` — Absolute value.
+*   `double fmod(double x, double y);` — Floating-point remainder. Returns `0` when `y == 0`.
+
+#### Rounding
+*   `double floor(double x);` — Largest integer ≤ x.
+*   `double ceil(double x);` — Smallest integer ≥ x.
+
+#### Trigonometry *(arguments in radians)*
+*   `double sin(double x);` — Sine. Range-reduced to `[-π, π]` then computed via 8-term Taylor series.
+*   `double cos(double x);` — Cosine. Computed via `sin(x + π/2)`.
+*   `double tan(double x);` — Tangent. Returns sentinel `1e15` near poles.
+
+#### Exponential & logarithm
+*   `double sqrt(double x);` — Square root via Newton-Raphson (25 iterations). Returns `0` for `x ≤ 0`.
+*   `double log(double x);` — Natural logarithm (ln). Returns `-1e30` for `x ≤ 0`.
+*   `double log2(double x);` — Base-2 logarithm.
+*   `double log10(double x);` — Base-10 logarithm.
+*   `double exp(double x);` — e^x. Saturates to `1e300` for `x > 700`, `0` for `x < -700`.
+*   `double pow(double base, double exponent);` — General power. Integer exponents use fast binary exponentiation; fractional exponents use `exp(e * log(b))`.
+
+#### Hyperbolic
+*   `double sinh(double x);` — Hyperbolic sine.
+*   `double cosh(double x);` — Hyperbolic cosine.
+*   `double tanh(double x);` — Hyperbolic tangent.
+
+#### Utility
+*   `double hypot(double x, double y);` — `sqrt(x² + y²)` without intermediate overflow.
+*   `double fmin(double a, double b);` — Minimum of two values.
+*   `double fmax(double a, double b);` — Maximum of two values.
+*   `double fclamp(double x, double lo, double hi);` — Clamps `x` into `[lo, hi]`.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> The implementation file is named `libc/libmath.c` (not `libc/math.c`) to avoid a name collision with the `math` CLI calculator app in userland. The public header is still included as `#include "math.h"`.
+
+For advanced operations, `syscall.h` provides direct wrappers into the kernel.
+
+### Process & System Info
+*   `void sys_exit(int status);` - Raw exit syscall.
+*   `int sys_write(int fd, const char *buf, int len);` - Write to a file descriptor (usually fd 1 for stdout).
+*   `void* sys_sbrk(int incr);` - Expand or shrink the process data segment (used internally by `malloc`).
+*   `void sys_kill(int pid);` - Send a kill signal to a process.
+*   `void sys_yield(void);` - Yield the remainder of the process's timeslice to the scheduler.
+*   `int sys_system(int cmd, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2, uint64_t arg3, uint64_t arg4);` - Execute a privileged system command (e.g., reboot, shutdown, beep).
+*   `int sys_get_os_info(os_info_t *info);` - Populate an `os_info_t` struct with version and environment details.
+*   `uint64_t sys_get_shell_config(const char *key);` - Retrieve internal shell configuration values.
+*   `void sys_set_text_color(uint32_t color);` - Set the raw CLI text output color.
+
+### File System API (VFS)
+Interacting with files and directories using the Virtual File System.
+*   `int sys_open(const char *path, const char *mode);` - Open a file, returning a file descriptor.
+*   `int sys_read(int fd, void *buf, uint32_t len);` - Read from an open file.
+*   `int sys_write_fs(int fd, const void *buf, uint32_t len);` - Write to an open file.
+*   `void sys_close(int fd);` - Close an open file descriptor.
+*   `int sys_seek(int fd, int offset, int whence);` - Reposition the file offset.
+*   `uint32_t sys_tell(int fd);` - Get the current file offset.
+*   `uint32_t sys_size(int fd);` - Get the total file size.
+*   `int sys_delete(const char *path);` - Delete a file.
+*   `int sys_mkdir(const char *path);` - Create a new directory.
+*   `int sys_exists(const char *path);` - Check if a path exists on the filesystem.
+*   `int sys_getcwd(char *buf, int size);` - Get the current working directory string.
+*   `int sys_chdir(const char *path);` - Change the current working directory.
+*   `int sys_list(const char *path, FAT32_FileInfo *entries, int max_entries);` - List directory contents into an array of `FAT32_FileInfo` structs.
+*   `int sys_get_file_info(const char *path, FAT32_FileInfo *info);` - Retrieve metadata for a specific file.
+
+### Networking Stack API
+BoredOS includes lwIP for hardware TCP/UDP networking.
+
+#### Configuration and Status
+*   `int sys_network_init(void);` - Initialize the network stack.
+*   `int sys_network_is_initialized(void);` - Check stack status.
+*   `int sys_network_dhcp_acquire(void);` - Request an IP configuration from a DHCP server.
+*   `int sys_network_has_ip(void);` - Check if the system has a valid IP address.
+*   `int sys_network_get_mac(net_mac_address_t *mac);` - Get the physical MAC address of the NIC.
+*   `int sys_network_get_nic_name(char *name_out);` - Get the name of the active network interface card.
+*   `int sys_network_get_ip(net_ipv4_address_t *ip);` - Get current local IPv4 address.
+*   `int sys_network_set_ip(const net_ipv4_address_t *ip);` - Manually assign a static IP.
+*   `int sys_network_get_gateway(net_ipv4_address_t *ip);` - Get the default gateway IP.
+*   `int sys_network_get_dns(net_ipv4_address_t *ip);` - Get the primary DNS server IP.
+*   `int sys_set_dns_server(const net_ipv4_address_t *ip);` - Set the primary DNS server.
+*   `int sys_get_dns_server(net_ipv4_address_t *ip);` - Retrieve configured DNS server.
+*   `int sys_network_get_stat(int stat_type);` - Get network statistics (packets in/out, drops, etc.).
+*   `void sys_network_force_unlock(void);` - Force release of network stack locks (use with caution).
+
+#### Communication
+*   `int sys_icmp_ping(const net_ipv4_address_t *dest_ip);` - Send an ICMP echo request.
+*   `int sys_udp_send(const net_ipv4_address_t *dest_ip, uint16_t dest_port, uint16_t src_port, const void *data, size_t data_len);` - Send a raw UDP datagram.
+*   `int sys_dns_lookup(const char *name, net_ipv4_address_t *out_ip);` - Resolve a hostname to an IPv4 address.
+*   `int sys_tcp_connect(const net_ipv4_address_t *ip, uint16_t port);` - Establish a TCP connection to a remote host.
+*   `int sys_tcp_send(const void *data, size_t len);` - Send data over an active TCP socket.
+*   `int sys_tcp_recv(void *buf, size_t max_len);` - Receive data from a TCP socket (blocking).
+*   `int sys_tcp_recv_nb(void *buf, size_t max_len);` - Receive data from a TCP socket (non-blocking).
+*   `int sys_tcp_close(void);` - Close the active TCP socket.
+
+---
+
+## Core Data Structures
+
+### `os_info_t`
+Contains detailed build and version information about the OS.
+```c
+typedef struct {
+    char os_name[64];
+    char os_version[64];
+    char os_codename[64];
+    char kernel_name[64];
+    char kernel_version[64];
+    char build_date[64];
+    char build_time[64];
+    char build_arch[64];
+} os_info_t;
+```
+
+### `FAT32_FileInfo`
+Represents a filesystem entry.
+```c
+typedef struct {
+    char name[256];
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint8_t is_directory;
+    uint32_t start_cluster;
+    uint16_t write_date;
+    uint16_t write_time;
+} FAT32_FileInfo;
+```
+
+### `ProcessInfo`
+Provides status information for an active process.
+```c
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t pid;
+    char name[64];
+    uint64_t ticks;
+    size_t used_memory;
+} ProcessInfo;
+```
+
+### IP / MAC Addresses
+Wrappers for raw byte arrays.
+```c
+typedef struct { uint8_t bytes[6]; } net_mac_address_t;
+typedef struct { uint8_t bytes[4]; } net_ipv4_address_t;
+```

docs/appdev/ui_api.md

@@ -1,85 +1,111 @@
-# UI API (`libui.h`)
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>UI API (<code>libui.h</code>)</h1>
+  <p><em>Comprehensive manual for interacting with the Window Manager.</em></p>
+</div>
 
-For an application to be visible on the screen, it must interact with the BoredOS Window Manager (WM). The tools required for this are located in `src/userland/libc/libui.h` and `libui.c`.
+---
 
-## Core Concepts
+The UI library (`libui.h`) is the sole mechanism for Graphical Userland Applications to draw to the screen and receive input events in BoredOS. It wraps `SYS_GUI` kernel calls.
 
-The UI library sends requests (via `SYS_GUI`) to the kernel to reserve an area on the screen (a `Window`) and then issues commands to color specific pixels within that area. The kernel is responsible for compositing this area over other windows.
+## Window Management
 
-## Example: Creating a Window
+A "Window" is a reserved drawing canvas managed by the compositor.
 
-First, include the library and define an event structure:
+*   `ui_window_t ui_window_create(const char *title, int x, int y, int w, int h);`
-
+    Creates a new window at `(x, y)` with dimensions `w`x`h`. Returns a window handle.
-```c
+    **Flags** are currently embedded in the syscall; standard windows include decorations (titlebar, borders).
-#include <libui.h>
+*   `void ui_window_set_title(ui_window_t win, const char *title);`
-#include <stdlib.h>
+    Dynamically update the text displayed in the window's titlebar.
-
+*   `void ui_window_set_resizable(ui_window_t win, bool resizable);`
-int main(void) {
+    Enable or disable the user's ability to resize the window by dragging its edges.
-    // 1. Create the window
+*   `void ui_get_screen_size(uint64_t *out_w, uint64_t *out_h);`
-    // Arguments: Title, Width, Height, Flags (e.g. 0 for bordered window)
+    Query the global screen resolution of the display.
-    int window_id = ui_create_window("Hello World App", 400, 300, 0);
-
-    if (window_id < 0) {
-        printf("Failed to create window!\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    // ... Event loop will go here ...
-    return 0;
-}
-```
 
 ## Drawing Primitives
 
-The library offers functions to mutate the window's internal buffer. After issuing drawing commands, you **must** instruct the kernel to push the changes onto the screen.
+All drawing functions write to an off-screen buffer associated with the window. **You must call `ui_mark_dirty()` to instruct the compositor to push your changes to the physical screen.**
+
+*   `void ui_draw_rect(ui_window_t win, int x, int y, int w, int h, uint32_t color);`
+    Draw a solid filled rectangle.
+*   `void ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled(ui_window_t win, int x, int y, int w, int h, int radius, uint32_t color);`
+    Fill a rectangle with rounded corners of a specified `radius`.
+*   `void ui_draw_image(ui_window_t win, int x, int y, int w, int h, uint32_t *image_data);`
+    Blit a raw ARGB pixel buffer (`image_data`) directly into the window canvas.
+*   `void ui_mark_dirty(ui_window_t win, int x, int y, int w, int h);`
+    Mark a specific rectangular region of the window as "dirty". The Window Manager will redraw this area on the next compositing pass.
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Colors are defined as 32-bit unsigned integers in **ARGB** format: `0xAARRGGBB`.
+> E.g., `0xFF000000` is opaque black, `0xFFFF0000` is opaque red.
+
+## Text Rendering
+
+BoredOS provides multiple text rendering methodologies, including a default system font and scaled/bitmap alternatives.
+
+*   `void ui_draw_string(ui_window_t win, int x, int y, const char *str, uint32_t color);`
+    Draw text using the default system typeface.
+*   `void ui_draw_string_bitmap(ui_window_t win, int x, int y, const char *str, uint32_t color);`
+    Draw text using a secondary fast bitmap font renderer.
+*   `void ui_draw_string_scaled(ui_window_t win, int x, int y, const char *str, uint32_t color, float scale);`
+    Draw text scaled up or down by a floating-point multiplier.
+*   `void ui_draw_string_scaled_sloped(ui_window_t win, int x, int y, const char *str, uint32_t color, float scale, float slope);`
+    Draw scaled text with an italic-like slope/shear applied.
+*   `void ui_set_font(ui_window_t win, const char *path);`
+    Load and set a custom `.ttf` or bitmap font from the filesystem for this window.
+
+### Font Metrics
+Used for calculating layout bounds before drawing:
+*   `uint32_t ui_get_string_width(const char *str);`
+*   `uint32_t ui_get_font_height(void);`
+*   `uint32_t ui_get_string_width_scaled(const char *str, float scale);`
+*   `uint32_t ui_get_font_height_scaled(float scale);`
+
+## Event Handling
+
+Applications must continuously poll for events inside an infinite `$while(1)` loop.
+
+*   `bool ui_get_event(ui_window_t win, gui_event_t *ev);`
+    Returns `true` if an event was waiting in the queue, populating the `ev` structure. Returns `false` if the queue is empty.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Because `ui_get_event` is non-blocking, you must call `sys_yield();` inside your event loop if no event was received. In BoredOS's **Multi-Core (SMP)** architecture, failing to yield will pin a CPU core to 100% usage, potentially starving other processes.
+> 
+> All UI syscalls are **Thread-Safe** at the kernel level via the global GUI spinlock.
+
+### Graphical Event Structure
 
 ```c
-// Fill the entire window with a solid blue background
+typedef struct {
-// Arguments: Window ID, X, Y, Width, Height, ARGB Color value
+    int type; // Specifies the event class (see below)
-ui_fill_rect(window_id, 0, 0, 400, 300, 0xFF0000FF);
+    int arg1; // Generic argument 1
-
+    int arg2; // Generic argument 2
-// Tell the kernel to commit the drawing commands to the screen
+    int arg3; // Generic argument 3
-ui_swap_buffers(window_id);
+} gui_event_t;
 ```
 
-Available rendering methods:
+### Event Types & Arguments
--   `ui_fill_rect(id, x, y, w, h, color)`: Draw a solid rectangle.
--   `ui_draw_rect(id, x, y, w, h, color)`: Draw an outline of a rectangle.
--   `ui_draw_line(id, x0, y0, x1, y1, color)`: Bresenham line algorithm.
--   `ui_draw_string(id, string, x, y, color)`: Render text using the kernel's built-in font.
--   `ui_update_region(id, x, y, w, h)`: A targeted version of `ui_swap_buffers` that only updates a specific area, saving performance.
 
-## Handling the Event Loop
+| Event Constant | `type` ID | Trigger | `arg1` | `arg2` | `arg3` |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `GUI_EVENT_NONE` | `0` | Empty event | - | - | - |
+| `GUI_EVENT_PAINT` | `1` | Window needs redrawing | - | - | - |
+| `GUI_EVENT_CLICK` | `2` | Mouse click down | X Coord | Y Coord | Button State |
+| `GUI_EVENT_RIGHT_CLICK` | `3` | Mouse right-click down | X Coord | Y Coord | Button State |
+| `GUI_EVENT_CLOSE` | `4` | User clicked 'X' button | - | - | - |
+| `GUI_EVENT_KEY` | `5` | Keyboard key pressed | Keycode | Modifiers | - |
+| `GUI_EVENT_KEYUP` | `10` | Keyboard key released | Keycode | Modifiers | - |
+| `GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN` | `6` | Generic mouse button down | X Coord | Y Coord | Button State |
+| `GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_UP` | `7` | Generic mouse button release | X Coord | Y Coord | Button State |
+| `GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_MOVE` | `8` | Mouse cursor moved | X Coord | Y Coord | - |
+| `GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_WHEEL` | `9` | Scroll wheel rotated | Scroll Delta | - | - |
+| `GUI_EVENT_RESIZE` | `11` | Window dimensions changed| New Width | New Height | - |
 
-Graphical applications are event-driven. They stay alive inside a `while (1)` loop, periodically asking the kernel if the user clicked the mouse or pressed a key inside their window.
+*(Note: Coordinate arguments (`arg1`, `arg2`) for mouse events are typically relative to the top-left corner of the window's client area).*
 
-```c
+---
-    ui_event_t event;
 
-    // Main UI Loop
+> [!TIP]
-    while (1) {
+> **Looking for Buttons, TextBoxes, or Scrollbars?**
-        // ui_poll_event is non-blocking. It returns 1 if an event occurred, 0 otherwise.
+> While `libui.h` provides the foundation for drawing, most applications should use the higher-level [**Widget API**](widget_api.md) (`libwidget.h`) for standard interactive components.
-        if (ui_poll_event(&event)) {
 
-            // The WM dispatch sets event.window_id 
+---
-            // We only care about events meant for our specific window
-            if (event.window_id == window_id) {
-
-                if (event.type == UI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN) {
-                    printf("User clicked at X:%d Y:%d\n", event.mouse_x, event.mouse_y);
-                    
-                    // Respond visually to the click
-                    ui_fill_rect(window_id, event.mouse_x, event.mouse_y, 10, 10, 0xFFFF0000); // Red dot
-                    ui_swap_buffers(window_id);
-                } 
-                else if (event.type == UI_EVENT_WINDOW_CLOSE) {
-                    // Start tearing down the application safely
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        
-        // Prevent 100% CPU usage by yielding execution time back to the OS scheduler
-        syscall1(SYSTEM_CMD_YIELD, 0);
-    }
-```

docs/appdev/widget_api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Widget API (<code>libwidget.h</code>)</h1>
+  <p><em>High-level UI components for BoredOS applications.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
+
+The Widget library (`libwidget.h`) provides a set of reusable UI components built on top of `libui.h`. It uses an abstract `widget_context_t` to decouple component logic from specific drawing implementations, making it easier to build complex graphical interfaces.
+
+## Widget Context
+
+To use any widget, you must first define a `widget_context_t`. This structure contains function pointers for basic drawing operations (rects, strings) and theme preferences.
+
+```c
+typedef struct {
+    void *user_data;
+    void (*draw_rect)(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, uint32_t color);
+    void (*draw_rounded_rect_filled)(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, int r, uint32_t color);
+    void (*draw_string)(void *user_data, int x, int y, const char *str, uint32_t color);
+    int (*measure_string_width)(void *user_data, const char *str);
+    void (*mark_dirty)(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h);
+    bool use_light_theme;
+} widget_context_t;
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Usually, `user_data` is set to your `ui_window_t` handle, and the functions are simple wrappers around `ui_draw_rect`, `ui_draw_string`, etc.
+
+---
+
+## Button (`widget_button_t`)
+
+Standard interactive button with hover and click states.
+
+*   `void widget_button_init(widget_button_t *btn, int x, int y, int w, int h, const char *text);`
+*   `void widget_button_draw(widget_context_t *ctx, widget_button_t *btn);`
+*   `bool widget_button_handle_mouse(widget_button_t *btn, int mx, int my, bool mouse_down, bool mouse_clicked, void *user_data);`
+
+### Usage Example:
+```c
+widget_button_t my_btn;
+widget_button_init(&my_btn, 10, 10, 80, 25, "Click Me");
+my_btn.on_click = my_callback_func;
+
+// In your event loop:
+widget_button_handle_mouse(&my_btn, ev.arg1, ev.arg2, is_down, is_clicked, my_data);
+```
+
+---
+
+## Scrollbar (`widget_scrollbar_t`)
+
+Vertical scrollbar supporting dragging and track-paging.
+
+*   `void widget_scrollbar_init(widget_scrollbar_t *sb, int x, int y, int w, int h);`
+*   `void widget_scrollbar_update(widget_scrollbar_t *sb, int content_height, int scroll_y);`
+*   `void widget_scrollbar_draw(widget_context_t *ctx, widget_scrollbar_t *sb);`
+*   `bool widget_scrollbar_handle_mouse(widget_scrollbar_t *sb, int mx, int my, bool mouse_down, void *user_data);`
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> The scrollbar automatically calculates the "thumb" size based on the ratio of `h` to `content_height`.
+
+--- 
+
+## TextBox (`widget_textbox_t`)
+
+Editable text field with focus support and keyboard handling.
+
+*   `void widget_textbox_init(widget_textbox_t *tb, int x, int y, int w, int h, char *buffer, int max_len);`
+*   `void widget_textbox_draw(widget_context_t *ctx, widget_textbox_t *tb);`
+*   `bool widget_textbox_handle_mouse(widget_textbox_t *tb, int mx, int my, bool mouse_clicked, void *user_data);`
+*   `bool widget_textbox_handle_key(widget_textbox_t *tb, char c, void *user_data);`
+
+---
+
+## Dropdown (`widget_dropdown_t`)
+
+Selection menu for picking one item from a list.
+
+*   `void widget_dropdown_init(widget_dropdown_t *dd, int x, int y, int w, int h, const char **items, int count);`
+*   `void widget_dropdown_draw(widget_context_t *ctx, widget_dropdown_t *dd);`
+*   `bool widget_dropdown_handle_mouse(widget_dropdown_t *dd, int mx, int my, bool mouse_clicked, void *user_data);`
+
+---
+
+## Checkbox / Radio (`widget_checkbox_t`)
+
+Toggleable options with support for circular "Radio" style or square "Checkbox" style.
+
+*   `void widget_checkbox_init(widget_checkbox_t *cb, int x, int y, int w, int h, const char *text, bool is_radio);`
+*   `void widget_checkbox_draw(widget_context_t *ctx, widget_checkbox_t *cb);`
+*   `bool widget_checkbox_handle_mouse(widget_checkbox_t *cb, int mx, int my, bool mouse_clicked, void *user_data);`
+
+---
+
+## Event Integration
+
+Widgets are designed to be polled within your `libui` event loop. Most handle-mouse functions return `true` if the event was "consumed" by the widget, allowing you to stop further processing for that event.
+
+```c
+if (ui_get_event(win, &ev)) {
+    bool handled = false;
+    handled |= widget_button_handle_mouse(&btn, ev.arg1, ev.arg2, is_down, is_clicked, NULL);
+    if (!handled) {
+        // Handle global window events...
+    }
+}
+```

docs/architecture/core.md

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-# Core Architecture
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Core Architecture</h1>
+  <p><em>Overview of BoredOS kernel layout, boot process, and userspace transition.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
 
 BoredOS is a 64-bit hobbyist operating system designed for the x86_64 architecture. While it features kernel-space drivers and a built-in window manager, it supports fully-isolated userspace applications and includes a networking stack.
 
@@ -14,7 +19,7 @@ The OS heavily relies on module separation. The `src/` directory is logically sp
 - **`fs/`**: Filesystem implementations. The system uses a Virtual File System (VFS) abstraction alongside an in-memory FAT32 filesystem with support for drives over ATA that are formatted as FAT32 (plain/MBR).
 - **`mem/`**: Physical and virtual memory management. It controls page frame allocation, paging, and kernel heap operations.
 - **`net/`**: The networking stack. BoredOS relies on `lwIP` for processing IPv4 and TCP/UDP traffic, interacting with a range of NICs via `net/nic/`.
-- **`sys/`**: System calls and process management. The ELF loader resides here, parsing userland binaries and setting them up for execution.
+- **`sys/`**: System calls and process management. The ELF loader resides here, alongside the Symmetric Multi-Processing (**smp.c**) bringup and Local APIC (**lapic.c**) management logic.
 - **`wm/`**: The graphical subsystem. It handles drawing primitives, window structures, font rendering, and double-buffering.
 - **`userland/`**: Out-of-kernel components. This includes the custom SDK/compiler environment (`libc/`) and user applications (`cli/`, `gui/`, `games/`).
 
@@ -23,17 +28,31 @@ The OS heavily relies on module separation. The `src/` directory is logically sp
 BoredOS uses **Limine** as its primary bootloader.
 
 1.  **Limine Initialization**: The machine firmware (BIOS or UEFI) loads Limine. Limine parses `limine.conf`, sets up an early graphical framebuffer, and reads the kernel ELF file into memory.
-2.  **Multiboot2 Protocol**: The kernel expects the Limine boot protocol (which is compatible with modern Multiboot specifications). Passing a framebuffer and memory map is handled natively by Limine's request structures (defined locally via `limine.h`).
+2.  **Multiboot2 & SMP Protocol**: The kernel expects the Limine boot protocol. It makes a specific **SMP Request** to Limine to locate and bring up all available CPU cores.
-3.  **Kernel Entry (`main.c`)**: The entry point `_start` is called. It immediately initializes the serial port for debugging, sets up core structures (GDT/IDT), initializes the physical memory manager based on the Limine memory map, and starts the virtual memory manager.
+3.  **Kernel Entry (`main.c`)**: The entry point `_start` is called on the Bootstrap Processor (BSP). It initializes the serial port, GDT/IDT, memory management, and paging.
-4.  **Driver Initialization**: PCI buses are scanned, finding the network card or disk controllers. The filesystem is mounted.
+4.  **AP Bringup**: The BSP calls `smp_init()`, which sends the Startup Inter-Processor Interrupt (SIPI) sequence to all Application Processors (APs). Each AP initializes its own local GDT, TSS, and Page Tables before entering an idle loop.
-5.  **Window Manager**: The UI is drawn on top of the Limine-provided framebuffer.
+5.  **Driver Initialization**: PCI buses are scanned, finding the network card or disk controllers. The filesystem is mounted.
+6.  **Window Manager**: The UI is drawn on top of the Limine-provided framebuffer.
+
+## 🧵 Multi-Core & Scheduling
+
+BoredOS utilizes Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) to distribute workloads across all available CPU cores.
+
+-   **LAPIC & IPIs**: Each CPU has its own Local APIC. The kernel uses Inter-Processor Interrupts (IPIs) for inter-core communication, specifically for triggering the scheduler on other cores (`vector 0x41`).
+-   **Scheduler**: A round-robin scheduler runs on each core. Processes are pinned to specific CPUs (CPU Affinity) to maintain cache locality. The BSP timer interrupt (`60Hz`) broadcasts a scheduling IPI to all core to ensure balanced execution.
+-   **Spinlocks**: Since multiple cores can access kernel structures (VFS, Process List) simultaneously, the kernel uses **interrupt-safe spinlocks** to prevent race conditions.
 
 ## Userland Transition
 
-The OS supports privilege separation (Ring 0 vs. Ring 3). When an application (like `browser.elf` or `viewer.elf`) is launched, the kernel:
+The OS supports privilege separation (Ring 0 vs. Ring 3). When an application is launched, the kernel:
-1.  Loads the ELF file from the filesystem using the ELF parser in `sys/elf.c`.
-2.  Allocates a new virtual address space (Page Directory) for the process.
-3.  Maps the executable segments according to the ELF headers.
-4.  Switches to User Mode (Ring 3) via the `iretq` instruction, jumping into the application's entry point (`crt0.asm`).
 
-Programs then interact with the core kernel using system calls (`syscall.c`).
+1.  Loads the ELF file from the filesystem.
+2.  Assigns the process to a CPU core via a round-robin distribution strategy.
+3.  Allocates a new virtual address space (Page Directory) for the process.
+4.  Maps the executable segments according to the ELF headers.
+5.  Switches to User Mode (Ring 3) via the `iretq` instruction.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Programs interact with the core kernel using system calls (`syscall.c`). Multitasking is achieved by pre-empting user processes on their respective cores.
+
+---

docs/architecture/filesystem.md

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-# Filesystem Architecture
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Filesystem Architecture</h1>
+  <p><em>Virtual File System layer and FAT32 abstraction in BoredOS.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
 
 BoredOS implements a rudimentary but functional filesystem layer designed to support reading system assets and user applications during runtime.
 
@@ -10,19 +15,23 @@ Key VFS functionalities include:
 -   **File Descriptors**: Mapping integer IDs to internal file structures for userland processes.
 -   **Standard Operations**: Standardizing `open()`, `read()`, `write()`, `close()`, `seek()`, and directory listings.
 -   **Path Parsing**: Resolving absolute and relative paths.
+-   **SMP Safety**: All VFS and underlying FAT32 operations are protected by a global **Spinlock**. This ensures that multiple cores can safely read from the filesystem simultaneously without corrupting internal file seek pointers or directory cache states.
 
 ## FAT32 Implementation
 
-The primary filesystem logic in `fat32.c` has a dual nature, supporting both an in-memory RAM filesystem for booting and standard block devices for external storage.
+The primary filesystem logic in `fat32.c` handles both in-memory RAM-based filesystem simulation and physical ATA block devices.
 
-### Booting and the RAMFS
+### Storage Support
-Since BoredOS boots from a CD-ROM ISO image generated by `xorriso`, it does not read directly off the CD to execute applications.
-1.  **ISO Booting**: During boot, Limine loads necessary files (such as userland `.elf` binaries, fonts, and wallpapers) into memory as standard boot modules.
-2.  **RAM Simulation**: The FAT32 filesystem code parses these loaded memory modules and automatically constructs a synthetic FAT32 directory tree inside RAM.
-3.  **Root Filesystem**: All active execution of built-in GUI and CLI apps occurs off this read-only, in-memory FAT32 simulation.
 
-### ATA Disk Support
+BoredOS supports two main types of storage for its FAT32 implementation:
-Beyond the core RAMFS used for booting, the FAT32 implementation natively supports interacting with permanent storage:
+
-1.  **ATA Block Driver**: The kernel features an ATA block device driver capable of communicating with physical hard disks (or raw disk images attached via QEMU).
+1.  **RAMFS (Boot Modules)**: During boot, Limine loads necessary files (such as userland `.elf` binaries, fonts, and wallpapers) into memory as standard boot modules. The FAT32 code parses these loaded memory modules and automatically constructs a synthetic FAT32 directory tree inside RAM (mounted as `A:`).
-2.  **Partition Compatibility**: The driver can recognize and natively mount external ATA disks formatted as single FAT32 filesystems or structured with a Master Boot Record (MBR) partition table.
+2.  **ATA Drives**: The kernel includes a basic PIO-based ATA driver that can detect and read/write to physical IDE/PATA hard disks.
-3.  **VFS Integration**: When external storage is mounted, the VFS delegates operations down directly to the FAT32 driver, which will read native sectors across the ATA interface.
+    -   **GPT is NOT supported**: Currently, only **MBR (Master Boot Record)** partition tables or **raw (partitionless)** disks are supported.
+    -   **Filesystem**: The partition must be formatted as **FAT32**.
+
+### Auto-detection
+The `Disk Manager` automatically probes primary and secondary IDE channels during initialization. If a valid FAT32 partition is found (either directly at sector 0 or via an MBR partition table), the disk is assigned a drive letter (starting from `B:`) and becomes accessible to the VFS.
+
+
+---

docs/architecture/memory.md

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-# Memory Management
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Memory Management</h1>
+  <p><em>Physical and Virtual Memory coordination in x86_64 Long Mode.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
 
 Memory management in BoredOS is split into physical and virtual layers, designed to support both kernel operations and userland isolation on the x86_64 architecture.
 
@@ -9,15 +14,27 @@ The PMM is responsible for tracking which physical RAM frames (usually 4KB each)
 1.  **Memory Map**: During boot, Limine provides a memory map detailing the available, reserved, and unusable physical memory regions.
 2.  **Bitmap Allocator**: The core PMM uses a bitmap-based allocation strategy. Each bit in the bitmap represents a single physical page (frame). If a bit is `1`, the page is in use; if `0`, it is free.
 3.  **Allocation**: When a new page is requested (e.g., for userland space or kernel heap), the PMM scans the bitmap for the first available zero bit, marks it as used, and returns the physical address.
+4.  **SMP Safety**: In a multi-core environment, the PMM and VMM are protected by **Spinlocks** to prevent two CPUs from allocating the same frame or modifying page tables simultaneously.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> 4KB frame sizes strike a balance between allocation speed and minimal memory fragmentation, fitting directly with the page tables.
 
 ## Virtual Memory Management (VMM) and Paging
 
 BoredOS uses 4-level paging (PML4), a requirement for x86_64 long mode, dividing the virtual address space between the kernel and userland.
 
--   **Kernel Space**: The kernel relies on a higher-half design where its code, data, and heap are mapped to high addresses (typically above `0xFFFF800000000000`). This ensures the kernel remains mapped and accessible regardless of which user process is currently active.
+-   **Kernel Space**: The kernel relies on a higher-half design where its code, data, and heap are mapped to high addresses (typically above `0xFFFF800000000000`).
--   **User Space**: Userland applications are loaded into lower virtual addresses (starting frequently around `0x40000000`).
+-   **Per-CPU Structures**: Each CPU core maintains its own architectural state in memory:
--   **Page Faults**: The `mem/` subsystem registers an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) for page faults (Interrupt 14). If a process accesses unmapped memory, the handler determines whether to allocate a new frame (e.g., for stack growth or lazy loading) or terminate the process for a segmentation fault.
+    *   **Per-CPU GDT**: Each core is initialized with its own Global Descriptor Table.
+    *   **Per-CPU TSS**: Each core has a dedicated Task State Segment containing the `RSP0` pointer for its own kernel stack, ensuring safe interrupt handling across cores.
+-   **User Space**: Userland applications are loaded into lower virtual addresses.
+-   **Page Faults**: The `mem/` subsystem registers an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) for page faults (Interrupt 14). If a process accesses unmapped memory, the handler determines whether to allocate a new frame or terminate the process.
 
 ## Kernel Heap
 
-Dynamic allocation within the kernel (`kmalloc` and `kfree`) is layered on top of the physical allocator. The kernel maintains its own heap area in virtual memory. When the heap requires more space, it requests physical frames from the PMM and maps them into the kernel's virtual address space using the VMM.
+Dynamic allocation within the kernel (`kmalloc` and `kfree`) is layered on top of the physical allocator. The kernel maintains its own heap area in virtual memory. When the heap requires more space, it requests physical frames from the PMM and maps them into the kernel's virtual address space.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> The kernel heap is a shared resource; therefore, all `kmalloc` and `kfree` operations are guarded by a global spinlock to ensure thread safety during multi-core execution.
+
+---

docs/architecture/window_manager.md

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-# Window Manager (WM)
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>Window Manager (WM)</h1>
+  <p><em>The native graphical subsystem compositing and event routing.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+---
 
 BoredOS features a fully custom, graphical Window Manager built directly into the kernel, residing in the `src/wm/` directory. It is responsible for compositing the screen, handling window logic, rendering text, and dispatching UI events.
 
@@ -8,7 +13,10 @@ BoredOS features a fully custom, graphical Window Manager built directly into th
 2.  **Double Buffering**: To prevent screen tearing, the WM does not draw directly to the screen. It allocates a "back buffer" in kernel memory equal to the size of the screen. All drawing operations (lines, rectangles, windows) happen on this back buffer.
 3.  **Compositing**: Once per frame or upon request, the entire back buffer (or dirty regions) is copied to the actual Limine physical framebuffer memory, making the changes visible instantly.
 
-## Window System (`wm.c`)
+> [!TIP]
+> The performance of the window manager heavily depends on minimizing the "dirty regions" drawn in the compositing loop rather than sweeping the whole screen.
+
+## 🪟 Window System (`wm.c`)
 
 The windowing system is built around a linked list of `Window` structures.
 
@@ -24,10 +32,17 @@ The WM acts as the central hub for input routing.
 2.  **Hit Testing**: The WM checks these coordinates against the bounding boxes of existing windows. It handles dragging logic (if the user clicks a title bar) or focus changes.
 3.  **Event Queue**: If a userland application owns the window that was clicked, the WM packages the input (coordinates, button state) into an event message and drops it into the owning process's event queue. The application can retrieve these via the custom libc UI functions.
 
-## Userland API (`libui.c`)
-
-Applications do not talk to the hardware directly. Instead, they use a library (`libui.c`) which makes specialized system calls (`SYS_GUI`).
-
--   **Window Creation**: `ui_create_window()` asks the kernel to instantiate a new window object and returns a handle.
--   **Drawing**: Applications can request the kernel to fill rectangles or plot pixels inside their designated window area.
 - **Event Polling**: The UI loop inside an app continuously calls `ui_poll_event()` to respond to mouse clicks and window movement dispatched by the kernel WM.
+
+## 🧵 Multi-Core Safety & Performance
+
+With the introduction of Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP), the Window Manager (WM) was redesigned to ensure stability and high performance across multiple cores.
+
+1.  **Granular Window Locks**: Each `Window` object possesses its own `spinlock_t lock;`. User applications concurrently draw directly into their own window buffers without stalling the rest of the system. The global `wm_lock` is reserved strictly for altering global structures like window z-order or syncing buffers to the screen compositing layer.
+2.  **Per-CPU Rendering State**: To facilitate simultaneous GUI system calls across all CPU cores, the low-level rendering context (`g_render_target` array) is isolated per-CPU using the core ID. This allows completely lockless multi-core pixel rasterization, drastically reducing rendering bottlenecks.
+3.  **Deferred Compositing**: Final screen composition (`wm_paint`) is scheduled to the main kernel idle loop on the Bootstrap Processor (BSP). This enables application cores to continue processing logic seamlessly while the GUI asynchronously handles flipping the physical framebuffer.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Because application rendering (rasterizing geometry into a window's backbuffer) is SMP-safe and lock-free across cores, GUI performance scales linearly with the number of CPUs active.
+
+---

src/arch/interrupts.asm

@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@ global isr1_wrapper
 global isr8_wrapper
 global isr12_wrapper
 global isr14_wrapper
+global isr128_wrapper
+global isr_sched_ipi_wrapper
 extern timer_handler
 extern keyboard_handler
 extern mouse_handler
+extern sched_ipi_handler
+extern syscall_handler_c
 extern exception_handler_c
 
 ; Helper to send EOI (End of Interrupt) to PIC
@@ -41,7 +45,11 @@ isr%2_wrapper:
     push r14
     push r15
     
-    ; Save SSE/FPU state
+    test qword [rsp + 144], 3
+    jz %%skip_swap
+    swapgs
+%%skip_swap:
+    
     sub rsp, 512
     fxsave [rsp]
 
@@ -72,6 +80,12 @@ isr%2_wrapper:
     pop rcx
     pop rbx
     pop rax
+
+    test qword [rsp + 24], 3
+    jz %%skip_swap_back
+    swapgs
+%%skip_swap_back:
+
     add rsp, 16 ; drop dummy vector and error code
     iretq
 %endmacro
@@ -85,6 +99,12 @@ isr1_wrapper:
 isr12_wrapper:
     ISR_NOERRCODE mouse_handler, 44
 
+isr_sched_ipi_wrapper:
+    ISR_NOERRCODE sched_ipi_handler, 65
+
+isr128_wrapper:
+    ISR_NOERRCODE syscall_handler_c, 128
+
 ; Common exception macro for exceptions WITHOUT error code
 %macro EXCEPTION_NOERRCODE 1
 global exc%1_wrapper
@@ -154,7 +174,11 @@ exception_common:
     push r14
     push r15
 
-    ; Save SSE/FPU state
+    test qword [rsp + 144], 3
+    jz .skip_swap_exc
+    swapgs
+.skip_swap_exc:
+    
     sub rsp, 512
     fxsave [rsp]
 
@@ -186,6 +210,12 @@ exception_common:
     pop rcx
     pop rbx
     pop rax
+
+    test qword [rsp + 24], 3
+    jz .skip_swap_back_exc
+    swapgs
+.skip_swap_back_exc:
+
     add rsp, 16 ; drop vector and error code
     iretq
 

src/arch/syscalls.asm

@@ -15,15 +15,14 @@ section .text
 ; R9  = arg5
 
 syscall_entry:
-    ; 1. Switch to Kernel Stack safely
+    swapgs 
-    ; Note: For true SMP safety, we need per-CPU storage (via swapgs).
-    ; For now, we use a global scratch which is only safe because we mask interrupts on entry.
-    mov [rel user_rsp_scratch], rsp
-    mov rsp, [rel kernel_syscall_stack]
     
-    ; 2. Build iretq frame (compatible with registers_t)
+    mov [gs:40], rsp
+    mov rsp, [gs:48]
+
+    ; 2. Build iretq frame 
     push 0x1B           ; SS (User Data)
-    push qword [rel user_rsp_scratch] ; RSP
+    push qword [gs:40]  ; RSP
     push r11            ; RFLAGS (captured by syscall)
     push 0x23           ; CS (User Code)
     push rcx            ; RIP (return address from syscall)
@@ -81,14 +80,7 @@ syscall_entry:
     pop rax
     add rsp, 16 ; drop int_no/err_code
     
-    ; Debug: check RIP before iretq
+    swapgs 
-    ; We can't easily print from here without destroying registers, 
-    ; but we can at least check if it's canonical.
-    
     iretq
 
 section .bss
-global kernel_syscall_stack
-global user_rsp_scratch
-kernel_syscall_stack: resq 1
-user_rsp_scratch: resq 1

src/core/kutils.c

@@ -30,6 +30,16 @@ int k_strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2) {
     return *(const unsigned char*)s1 - *(const unsigned char*)s2;
 }
 
+int k_strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n) {
+    while (n && *s1 && (*s1 == *s2)) {
+        s1++;
+        s2++;
+        n--;
+    }
+    if (n == 0) return 0;
+    return *(const unsigned char*)s1 - *(const unsigned char*)s2;
+}
+
 void k_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
     while (*src) *dest++ = *src++;
     *dest = 0;

src/core/kutils.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ void k_memset(void *dest, int val, size_t len);
 void k_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t len);
 size_t k_strlen(const char *str);
 int k_strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+int k_strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
 void k_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);
 int k_atoi(const char *str);
 void k_itoa(int n, char *buf);

src/core/main.c

@@ -16,9 +16,20 @@
 #include "wm.h"
 #include "io.h"
 #include "fat32.h"
+#include "tar.h"
+#include "vfs.h"
 #include "memory_manager.h"
 #include "platform.h"
 #include "wallpaper.h"
+#include "smp.h"
+#include "work_queue.h"
+#include "lapic.h"
+#include "fs/sysfs.h"
+#include "fs/procfs.h"
+#include "sys/kernel_subsystem.h"
+#include "sys/module_manager.h"
+
+extern void sysfs_init_subsystems(void);
 
 // --- Limine Requests ---
 __attribute__((used, section(".requests")))
@@ -42,11 +53,19 @@ static volatile struct limine_module_request module_request = {
     .revision = 0
 };
 
+__attribute__((used, section(".requests")))
+static volatile struct limine_smp_request smp_request = {
+    .id = LIMINE_SMP_REQUEST,
+    .revision = 0,
+    .flags = 0
+};
+
 __attribute__((used, section(".requests_start")))
 static volatile struct limine_request *const requests_start_marker[] = {
     (struct limine_request *)&framebuffer_request,
     (struct limine_request *)&memmap_request,
     (struct limine_request *)&module_request,
+    (struct limine_request *)&smp_request,
     NULL
 };
 
@@ -121,6 +140,7 @@ static void fat32_mkdir_recursive(const char *path) {
 
 void kmain(void) {
     init_serial();
+    vfs_init();
     serial_write("\n[DEBUG] Entering kmain...\n");
 
     platform_init();
@@ -144,6 +164,8 @@ void kmain(void) {
         // The memory manager will now scan the memory map and manage all usable regions.
         memory_manager_init_from_memmap(memmap_request.response);
         serial_write("[DEBUG] memory_manager_init OK\n");
+        smp_init_bsp();
+        serial_write("[DEBUG] smp_init_bsp OK\n");
     } else {
         serial_write("[DEBUG] ERROR: No usable memory for heap! Check Limine memmap.\n");
         hcf();
@@ -186,6 +208,11 @@ void kmain(void) {
     fat32_mkdir("/Library/DOOM");
     fat32_mkdir("/docs");
 
+    // Initialize Virtual Filesystems
+    sysfs_init_subsystems();
+    vfs_mount("/sys", "sysfs", "sysfs", sysfs_get_ops(), NULL);
+    vfs_mount("/proc", "procfs", "procfs", procfs_get_ops(), NULL);
+
     if (module_request.response == NULL) {
         serial_write("[DEBUG] ERROR: Limine Module Response is NULL!\n");
     } else {
@@ -199,6 +226,15 @@ void kmain(void) {
             if (fs_starts_with(clean_path, "boot():")) clean_path += 7;
             else if (fs_starts_with(clean_path, "boot:///")) clean_path += 8;
             
+            int len = 0;
+            while(clean_path[len]) len++;
+            
+            if (len >= 4 && clean_path[len-4] == '.' && clean_path[len-3] == 't' && clean_path[len-2] == 'a' && clean_path[len-1] == 'r') {
+                serial_write("[DEBUG] Parsing TAR initrd: ");
+                serial_write(clean_path);
+                serial_write("\n");
+                tar_parse(mod->address, mod->size);
+            } else {
                 char dir_path[256];
                 int last_slash = -1;
                 for (int j = 0; clean_path[j]; j++) {
@@ -216,6 +252,9 @@ void kmain(void) {
                     fat32_close(fh);
                 }
             }
+            // Register all discovered modules in our module manager for /sys/module
+            module_manager_register(clean_path, (uint64_t)mod->address, mod->size);
+        }
     }
     
     // Initialize fonts now that FAT32 and modules are loaded
@@ -231,11 +270,24 @@ void kmain(void) {
     ps2_init();
     asm("sti");
 
+    // Initialize LAPIC for IPI support
+    lapic_init();
+
+    // Initialize SMP 
+    if (smp_request.response != NULL) {
+        uint32_t online = smp_init(smp_request.response);
+        serial_write("[DEBUG] SMP init complete, CPUs online: ");
+        serial_write_num(online);
+        serial_write("\n");
+    } else {
+        serial_write("[DEBUG] No SMP response from bootloader\n");
+        smp_init(NULL);
+    }
+
     wm_init();
 
     asm volatile("sti");
 
-
     while (1) {
         wm_process_input();
         wm_process_deferred_thumbs();

src/core/man_entries.h

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ static size_t man_strlen(const char *str) {
 }
 
 static void write_man_file(const char *name, const char *content) {
-    char path[128] = "A:/Library/man/";
+    char path[128] = "/Library/man/";
     int i = 15;
     while (*name) path[i++] = *name++;
     path[i++] = '.';
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ static void write_man_file(const char *name, const char *content) {
 }
 
 void create_man_entries(void) {
-    fat32_mkdir("A:/Library");
+    fat32_mkdir("/Library");
-    fat32_mkdir("A:/Library/man");
+    fat32_mkdir("/Library/man");
 
     write_man_file("ping", "PING - Send ICMP echo requests\n\nUsage: ping <ip>\n\nSends ICMP echo requests to the specified IP address and displays the response times.");
     write_man_file("net", "NET - Network utilities\n\nUsage: net init\nnet info\nnet ipset >ip<\nnet udpsend >ip< >port< >message< net ping >ip< net help\n\nA collection of network-related commands.");
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void create_man_entries(void) {
     write_man_file("touch", "TOUCH - Create empty file\n\nUsage: touch <filename>\n\nCreates a new empty file if it doesn't exist.");
     write_man_file("cc", "CC - C Compiler\n\nUsage: cc <file.c>\n\nThe BoredOS C Compiler. Compiles C source files into executables. (execute these with ./>file<)");
     write_man_file("crash", "CRASH - Trigger kernel exception\n\nUsage: crash\n\nIntentionally triggers a null pointer dereference to test handlers.");
-    write_man_file("sysfetch", "SYSFETCH - Show OS information\n\nUsage: sysfetch\n\nDisplays system information in a neofetch-like layout. Configurable via A:/Library/conf/sysfetch.cfg.");
+    write_man_file("sysfetch", "SYSFETCH - Show OS information\n\nUsage: sysfetch\n\nDisplays system information in a neofetch-like layout. Configurable via /Library/conf/sysfetch.cfg.");
     write_man_file("meminfo", "MEMINFO - Memory usage stats\n\nUsage: meminfo\n\nDisplays current physical and virtual memory allocation statistics.");
     write_man_file("pci_list", "PCI_LIST - Scan PCI bus\n\nUsage: pci_list\n\nScans the PCI bus and lists all detected hardware devices.");
     write_man_file("reboot", "REBOOT - Restart system\n\nUsage: reboot\n\nRestarts the computer immediately.");

src/core/platform.c

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include "limine.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
+#include "platform.h"
+#include "kutils.h"
 static volatile struct limine_hhdm_request hhdm_request __attribute__((used, section(".requests"))) = {
     .id = LIMINE_HHDM_REQUEST,
     .revision = 0,
@@ -69,3 +71,83 @@ void platform_get_cpu_model(char *model) {
     }
     model[48] = '\0';
 }
+void platform_get_cpu_vendor(char *vendor) {
+    uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+    asm volatile("cpuid" : "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx) : "a"(0));
+    
+    char *p = (char *)vendor;
+    *((uint32_t *)&p[0]) = ebx;
+    *((uint32_t *)&p[4]) = edx;
+    *((uint32_t *)&p[8]) = ecx;
+    p[12] = '\0';
+}
+
+void platform_get_cpu_info(cpu_info_t *info) {
+    uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+    
+    // CPUID leaf 1: basic feature information
+    asm volatile("cpuid" : "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx) : "a"(1));
+    
+    info->stepping = eax & 0xF;
+    info->model = (eax >> 4) & 0xF;
+    info->family = (eax >> 8) & 0xF;
+    info->microcode = (ebx >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    info->flags = ((uint64_t)ecx << 32) | edx;  // ECX and EDX contain feature flags
+    info->cache_size = (ebx >> 16) & 0xFF;      // Cache line size in bytes
+}
+
+void platform_get_cpu_flags(char *flags_str) {
+    uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+    
+    flags_str[0] = '\0';
+    
+    // CPUID leaf 1
+    asm volatile("cpuid" : "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx) : "a"(1));
+    
+    // ECX flags
+    if (ecx & (1 << 0)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "sse3 ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 1)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "pclmulqdq ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 3)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "monitor ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 6)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "ssse3 ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 9)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "sdbg ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 12)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "fma ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 13)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "cx16 ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 19)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "sse4_1 ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 20)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "sse4_2 ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 23)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "popcnt ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 25)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "aes ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 26)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "xsave ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 28)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "avx ");
+    
+    // EDX flags
+    if (edx & (1 << 0)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "fpu ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 3)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "pse ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 4)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "tsc ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 6)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "pae ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 8)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "cx8 ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 9)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "apic ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 11)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "sep ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 15)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "cmov ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 23)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "mmx ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 24)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "fxsr ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 25)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "sse ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 26)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "sse2 ");
+    
+    // Extended leaf 0x80000001 for advanced flags
+    asm volatile("cpuid" : "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx) : "a"(0x80000001));
+    
+    if (edx & (1 << 11)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "syscall ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 20)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "nx ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 26)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "pdpe1gb ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 27)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "rdtscp ");
+    if (edx & (1 << 29)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "lm ");
+    
+    if (ecx & (1 << 0)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "lahf_lm ");
+    if (ecx & (1 << 5)) k_strcpy(flags_str + k_strlen(flags_str), "abm ");
+    
+    // Remove trailing space
+    int len = k_strlen(flags_str);
+    if (len > 0 && flags_str[len-1] == ' ') {
+        flags_str[len-1] = '\0';
+    }
+}

src/core/platform.h

@@ -6,9 +6,21 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t family;
+    uint32_t model;
+    uint32_t stepping;
+    uint32_t microcode;
+    uint64_t flags;
+    uint32_t cache_size;
+} cpu_info_t;
+
 void platform_init(void);
 uint64_t p2v(uint64_t phys);
 uint64_t v2p(uint64_t virt);
 void platform_get_cpu_model(char *model);
+void platform_get_cpu_vendor(char *vendor);
+void platform_get_cpu_info(cpu_info_t *info);
+void platform_get_cpu_flags(char *flags_str);
 
 #endif

src/core/version.c

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ void get_os_info(os_info_t *info) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(os_info_t); i++) p[i] = 0;
 
     const char *os_name = "BoredOS";
-    const char *os_version = "1.72";
+    const char *os_version = "26.4";
-    const char *os_codename = "Retrowave";
+    const char *os_codename = "Voyager";
     const char *kernel_name = "Boredkernel";
-    const char *kernel_version = "3.1.2";
+    const char *kernel_version = "4.0.1-stable";
     const char *build_date = __DATE__;
     const char *build_time = __TIME__;
     const char *build_arch = "x86_64";

src/dev/ahci.c

@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#include "ahci.h"
+#include "pci.h"
+#include "disk.h"
+#include "memory_manager.h"
+#include "paging.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+extern void serial_write(const char *str);
+extern void serial_write_num(uint64_t num);
+extern void serial_write_hex(uint32_t val);
+
+// ============================================================================
+// AHCI Driver State
+// ============================================================================
+
+static HBA_MEM *abar = NULL;               // MMIO-mapped AHCI Base Address
+static bool ahci_initialized = false;
+static int active_port_count = 0;
+
+#define MAX_AHCI_PORTS 32
+
+typedef struct {
+    bool active;
+    int port_num;
+    HBA_PORT *port;
+    HBA_CMD_HEADER *cmd_list;   // 1KB, 1KB aligned
+    void *fis_base;             // 256B, 256B aligned
+    HBA_CMD_TBL *cmd_tbl;      // Command table for slot 0
+} ahci_port_state_t;
+
+static ahci_port_state_t ports[MAX_AHCI_PORTS];
+
+// ============================================================================
+// String Helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+static void ahci_strcpy(char *d, const char *s) {
+    while ((*d++ = *s++));
+}
+
+// Kernel virtual to physical address conversion
+extern uint64_t v2p(uint64_t vaddr);
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Port Setup
+// ============================================================================
+
+static void ahci_stop_cmd(HBA_PORT *port) {
+    // Clear ST (Start)
+    port->cmd &= ~HBA_PORT_CMD_ST;
+
+    // Clear FRE (FIS Receive Enable)
+    port->cmd &= ~HBA_PORT_CMD_FRE;
+
+    // Wait until FR and CR clear
+    int timeout = 500000;
+    while (timeout-- > 0) {
+        if (port->cmd & HBA_PORT_CMD_FR) continue;
+        if (port->cmd & HBA_PORT_CMD_CR) continue;
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ahci_start_cmd(HBA_PORT *port) {
+    // Wait until CR clears
+    while (port->cmd & HBA_PORT_CMD_CR);
+
+    // Set FRE and ST
+    port->cmd |= HBA_PORT_CMD_FRE;
+    port->cmd |= HBA_PORT_CMD_ST;
+}
+
+static int ahci_check_port_type(HBA_PORT *port) {
+    uint32_t ssts = port->ssts;
+    uint8_t ipm = (ssts >> 8) & 0x0F;
+    uint8_t det = ssts & 0x0F;
+
+    if (det != 3) return -1;   // No device detected
+    if (ipm != 1) return -1;   // Not in active state
+
+    switch (port->sig) {
+        case SATA_SIG_ATA:   return 0;   // SATA drive
+        case SATA_SIG_ATAPI: return 1;   // SATAPI drive
+        case SATA_SIG_SEMB:  return 2;   // SEMB
+        case SATA_SIG_PM:    return 3;   // Port multiplier
+        default:             return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ahci_port_rebase(ahci_port_state_t *ps) {
+    HBA_PORT *port = ps->port;
+
+    ahci_stop_cmd(port);
+
+    // Allocate command list (1KB, 1024-byte aligned)
+    ps->cmd_list = (HBA_CMD_HEADER*)kmalloc_aligned(1024, 1024);
+    if (!ps->cmd_list) return;
+    mem_memset(ps->cmd_list, 0, 1024);
+
+    uint64_t clb_phys = v2p((uint64_t)ps->cmd_list);
+    port->clb = (uint32_t)(clb_phys & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    port->clbu = (uint32_t)(clb_phys >> 32);
+
+    // Allocate FIS receive area (256 bytes, 256-byte aligned)
+    ps->fis_base = kmalloc_aligned(256, 256);
+    if (!ps->fis_base) return;
+    mem_memset(ps->fis_base, 0, 256);
+
+    uint64_t fb_phys = v2p((uint64_t)ps->fis_base);
+    port->fb = (uint32_t)(fb_phys & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    port->fbu = (uint32_t)(fb_phys >> 32);
+
+    // Allocate command table for slot 0 (256-byte aligned, room for 8 PRDT entries)
+    int cmd_tbl_size = sizeof(HBA_CMD_TBL) + 8 * sizeof(HBA_PRDT_ENTRY);
+    ps->cmd_tbl = (HBA_CMD_TBL*)kmalloc_aligned(cmd_tbl_size, 256);
+    if (!ps->cmd_tbl) return;
+    mem_memset(ps->cmd_tbl, 0, cmd_tbl_size);
+
+    // Set command header 0 to point to our command table
+    uint64_t ctba_phys = v2p((uint64_t)ps->cmd_tbl);
+    ps->cmd_list[0].ctba = (uint32_t)(ctba_phys & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    ps->cmd_list[0].ctbau = (uint32_t)(ctba_phys >> 32);
+    ps->cmd_list[0].prdtl = 1;  // 1 PRDT entry default
+
+    // Clear error and interrupt status
+    port->serr = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    port->is = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+    ahci_start_cmd(port);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Sector I/O
+// ============================================================================
+
+static int ahci_find_free_slot(HBA_PORT *port) {
+    uint32_t slots = (port->sact | port->ci);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+        if (!(slots & (1 << i))) return i;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int ahci_read_sectors(int port_num, uint64_t lba, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer) {
+    if (!ahci_initialized || port_num < 0 || port_num >= MAX_AHCI_PORTS) return -1;
+    ahci_port_state_t *ps = &ports[port_num];
+    if (!ps->active) return -1;
+
+    HBA_PORT *port = ps->port;
+
+    // Clear any pending interrupts/errors
+    port->is = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+    int slot = ahci_find_free_slot(port);
+    if (slot < 0) return -1;
+
+    HBA_CMD_HEADER *cmd_hdr = &ps->cmd_list[slot];
+    cmd_hdr->cfl = sizeof(FIS_REG_H2D) / sizeof(uint32_t);
+    cmd_hdr->w = 0;   // Read
+    cmd_hdr->prdtl = 1;
+
+    HBA_CMD_TBL *cmd_tbl = ps->cmd_tbl;
+    mem_memset(cmd_tbl, 0, sizeof(HBA_CMD_TBL) + sizeof(HBA_PRDT_ENTRY));
+
+    // Setup PRDT
+    uint64_t buf_phys = v2p((uint64_t)buffer);
+    cmd_tbl->prdt[0].dba = (uint32_t)(buf_phys & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    cmd_tbl->prdt[0].dbau = (uint32_t)(buf_phys >> 32);
+    cmd_tbl->prdt[0].dbc = (count * 512) - 1;   // 0-based byte count
+    cmd_tbl->prdt[0].i = 1;
+
+    // Setup Command FIS
+    FIS_REG_H2D *fis = (FIS_REG_H2D*)&cmd_tbl->cfis;
+    fis->fis_type = FIS_TYPE_REG_H2D;
+    fis->c = 1;  // Command
+    fis->command = ATA_CMD_READ_DMA_EX;
+
+    fis->lba0 = (uint8_t)(lba);
+    fis->lba1 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 8);
+    fis->lba2 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 16);
+    fis->device = 1 << 6;  // LBA mode
+    fis->lba3 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 24);
+    fis->lba4 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 32);
+    fis->lba5 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 40);
+
+    fis->countl = (uint8_t)(count);
+    fis->counth = (uint8_t)(count >> 8);
+
+    // Issue command
+    port->ci = (1 << slot);
+
+    // Wait for completion
+    int timeout = 1000000;
+    while (timeout-- > 0) {
+        if (!(port->ci & (1 << slot))) break;
+        if (port->is & (1 << 30)) {  // Task File Error
+            serial_write("[AHCI] Read error on port ");
+            serial_write_num(port_num);
+            serial_write("\n");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (timeout <= 0) {
+        serial_write("[AHCI] Read timeout on port ");
+        serial_write_num(port_num);
+        serial_write("\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int ahci_write_sectors(int port_num, uint64_t lba, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer) {
+    if (!ahci_initialized || port_num < 0 || port_num >= MAX_AHCI_PORTS) return -1;
+    ahci_port_state_t *ps = &ports[port_num];
+    if (!ps->active) return -1;
+
+    HBA_PORT *port = ps->port;
+
+    port->is = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+    int slot = ahci_find_free_slot(port);
+    if (slot < 0) return -1;
+
+    HBA_CMD_HEADER *cmd_hdr = &ps->cmd_list[slot];
+    cmd_hdr->cfl = sizeof(FIS_REG_H2D) / sizeof(uint32_t);
+    cmd_hdr->w = 1;   // Write
+    cmd_hdr->prdtl = 1;
+
+    HBA_CMD_TBL *cmd_tbl = ps->cmd_tbl;
+    mem_memset(cmd_tbl, 0, sizeof(HBA_CMD_TBL) + sizeof(HBA_PRDT_ENTRY));
+
+    uint64_t buf_phys = v2p((uint64_t)buffer);
+    cmd_tbl->prdt[0].dba = (uint32_t)(buf_phys & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    cmd_tbl->prdt[0].dbau = (uint32_t)(buf_phys >> 32);
+    cmd_tbl->prdt[0].dbc = (count * 512) - 1;
+    cmd_tbl->prdt[0].i = 1;
+
+    FIS_REG_H2D *fis = (FIS_REG_H2D*)&cmd_tbl->cfis;
+    fis->fis_type = FIS_TYPE_REG_H2D;
+    fis->c = 1;
+    fis->command = ATA_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EX;
+
+    fis->lba0 = (uint8_t)(lba);
+    fis->lba1 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 8);
+    fis->lba2 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 16);
+    fis->device = 1 << 6;
+    fis->lba3 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 24);
+    fis->lba4 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 32);
+    fis->lba5 = (uint8_t)(lba >> 40);
+
+    fis->countl = (uint8_t)(count);
+    fis->counth = (uint8_t)(count >> 8);
+
+    port->ci = (1 << slot);
+
+    int timeout = 1000000;
+    while (timeout-- > 0) {
+        if (!(port->ci & (1 << slot))) break;
+        if (port->is & (1 << 30)) {
+            serial_write("[AHCI] Write error on port ");
+            serial_write_num(port_num);
+            serial_write("\n");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (timeout <= 0) {
+        serial_write("[AHCI] Write timeout on port ");
+        serial_write_num(port_num);
+        serial_write("\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// AHCI Disk Integration — wrap AHCI into Disk read/write_sector
+// ============================================================================
+
+typedef struct {
+    int ahci_port;
+} AHCIDriverData;
+
+static int ahci_disk_read_sector(Disk *disk, uint32_t sector, uint8_t *buffer) {
+    AHCIDriverData *data = (AHCIDriverData*)disk->driver_data;
+
+    // For partitions, add offset and use parent's port
+    if (disk->is_partition && disk->parent) {
+        AHCIDriverData *pdata = (AHCIDriverData*)disk->parent->driver_data;
+        return ahci_read_sectors(pdata->ahci_port,
+                                 (uint64_t)sector + disk->partition_lba_offset, 1, buffer);
+    }
+
+    return ahci_read_sectors(data->ahci_port, (uint64_t)sector, 1, buffer);
+}
+
+static int ahci_disk_write_sector(Disk *disk, uint32_t sector, const uint8_t *buffer) {
+    AHCIDriverData *data = (AHCIDriverData*)disk->driver_data;
+
+    if (disk->is_partition && disk->parent) {
+        AHCIDriverData *pdata = (AHCIDriverData*)disk->parent->driver_data;
+        return ahci_write_sectors(pdata->ahci_port,
+                                  (uint64_t)sector + disk->partition_lba_offset, 1, buffer);
+    }
+
+    return ahci_write_sectors(data->ahci_port, (uint64_t)sector, 1, buffer);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Initialization
+// ============================================================================
+
+int ahci_get_port_count(void) {
+    return active_port_count;
+}
+
+bool ahci_port_is_active(int port_num) {
+    if (port_num < 0 || port_num >= MAX_AHCI_PORTS) return false;
+    return ports[port_num].active;
+}
+
+void ahci_init(void) {
+    serial_write("[AHCI] Scanning PCI for AHCI controller...\n");
+
+    // Find AHCI controller (Class 0x01, Subclass 0x06)
+    pci_device_t pci_dev;
+    if (!pci_find_device_by_class(PCI_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE, PCI_SUBCLASS_SATA, &pci_dev)) {
+        serial_write("[AHCI] No AHCI controller found\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    serial_write("[AHCI] Found AHCI controller (");
+    serial_write("vendor=0x");
+    serial_write_hex(pci_dev.vendor_id);
+    serial_write(", device=0x");
+    serial_write_hex(pci_dev.device_id);
+    serial_write(")\n");
+
+    // Enable Bus Mastering and MMIO
+    pci_enable_bus_mastering(&pci_dev);
+    pci_enable_mmio(&pci_dev);
+
+    // Read ABAR (BAR5)
+    uint32_t abar_raw = pci_get_bar(&pci_dev, 5);
+    uint64_t abar_phys = abar_raw & 0xFFFFF000;  // Mask out lower bits
+
+    if (abar_phys == 0) {
+        serial_write("[AHCI] Invalid ABAR address\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    serial_write("[AHCI] ABAR physical address: 0x");
+    serial_write_hex((uint32_t)abar_phys);
+    serial_write("\n");
+
+    // Map ABAR region into kernel virtual address space
+    // Identity-map several pages to cover the HBA memory (at least 0x1100 bytes)
+    uint64_t abar_virt = abar_phys; // Use identity mapping
+    for (uint64_t offset = 0; offset < 0x2000; offset += 4096) {
+        paging_map_page(paging_get_pml4_phys(), abar_virt + offset,
+                        abar_phys + offset,
+                        PT_PRESENT | PT_RW | PT_CACHE_DISABLE);
+    }
+
+    abar = (HBA_MEM*)abar_virt;
+
+    // Enable AHCI mode
+    abar->ghc |= (1 << 31);  // AE (AHCI Enable)
+
+    serial_write("[AHCI] Version: ");
+    serial_write_num(abar->vs >> 16);
+    serial_write(".");
+    serial_write_num(abar->vs & 0xFFFF);
+    serial_write("\n");
+
+    // Probe ports
+    uint32_t pi = abar->pi;
+    active_port_count = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+        ports[i].active = false;
+
+        if (!(pi & (1 << i))) continue;
+
+        HBA_PORT *port = &abar->ports[i];
+        int type = ahci_check_port_type(port);
+
+        if (type == 0) { // SATA drive
+            serial_write("[AHCI] Port ");
+            serial_write_num(i);
+            serial_write(": SATA drive detected\n");
+
+            ports[i].port_num = i;
+            ports[i].port = port;
+            ahci_port_rebase(&ports[i]);
+            ports[i].active = true;
+            active_port_count++;
+
+            // Register as a block device
+            Disk *disk = (Disk*)kmalloc(sizeof(Disk));
+            if (disk) {
+                AHCIDriverData *drv = (AHCIDriverData*)kmalloc(sizeof(AHCIDriverData));
+                drv->ahci_port = i;
+
+                disk->devname[0] = 0; // Auto-assign
+                disk->type = DISK_TYPE_SATA;
+                ahci_strcpy(disk->label, "SATA Drive");
+                disk->read_sector = ahci_disk_read_sector;
+                disk->write_sector = ahci_disk_write_sector;
+                disk->driver_data = drv;
+                disk->partition_lba_offset = 0;
+                disk->total_sectors = 0;
+                disk->parent = NULL;
+                disk->is_partition = false;
+                disk->is_fat32 = false;
+
+                disk_register(disk);
+
+                // Let disk_manager parse partitions — we call a scan function
+                extern void disk_manager_scan_partitions(Disk *disk);
+                // Inline MBR parse for this disk
+                extern void serial_write(const char *str);
+                serial_write("[AHCI] Probing partitions on /dev/");
+                serial_write(disk->devname);
+                serial_write("...\n");
+
+                // Read MBR sector 0
+                uint8_t *mbr_buf = (uint8_t*)kmalloc(512);
+                if (mbr_buf) {
+                    if (ahci_disk_read_sector(disk, 0, mbr_buf) == 0) {
+                        if (mbr_buf[510] == 0x55 && mbr_buf[511] == 0xAA) {
+                            // Parse MBR partition table
+                            typedef struct {
+                                uint8_t  status;
+                                uint8_t  chs_first[3];
+                                uint8_t  type;
+                                uint8_t  chs_last[3];
+                                uint32_t lba_start;
+                                uint32_t sector_count;
+                            } __attribute__((packed)) MBR_Part;
+
+                            MBR_Part *parts = (MBR_Part*)&mbr_buf[446];
+                            int pn = 1;
+                            for (int p = 0; p < 4; p++) {
+                                if (parts[p].type == 0x00 || parts[p].sector_count == 0)
+                                    continue;
+
+                                bool fat32 = false;
+                                if (parts[p].type == 0x0B || parts[p].type == 0x0C) {
+                                    // Verify BPB
+                                    uint8_t *pbuf = (uint8_t*)kmalloc(512);
+                                    if (pbuf) {
+                                        if (ahci_disk_read_sector(disk, parts[p].lba_start, pbuf) == 0) {
+                                            if (pbuf[510] == 0x55 && pbuf[511] == 0xAA) {
+                                                uint16_t bps = *(uint16_t*)&pbuf[11];
+                                                uint16_t spf16 = *(uint16_t*)&pbuf[22];
+                                                uint32_t spf32 = *(uint32_t*)&pbuf[36];
+                                                if (bps == 512 && spf16 == 0 && spf32 > 0)
+                                                    fat32 = true;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        kfree(pbuf);
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                disk_register_partition(disk, parts[p].lba_start,
+                                                        parts[p].sector_count, fat32, pn);
+                                pn++;
+                            }
+
+                            // Fallback: raw FAT32
+                            if (pn == 1) {
+                                uint16_t bps = *(uint16_t*)&mbr_buf[11];
+                                uint16_t spf16 = *(uint16_t*)&mbr_buf[22];
+                                uint32_t spf32 = *(uint32_t*)&mbr_buf[36];
+                                if (bps == 512 && spf16 == 0 && spf32 > 0) {
+                                    disk->is_fat32 = true;
+                                    disk->partition_lba_offset = 0;
+                                    serial_write("[AHCI] Raw FAT32 volume detected\n");
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    kfree(mbr_buf);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (type == 1) {
+            serial_write("[AHCI] Port ");
+            serial_write_num(i);
+            serial_write(": SATAPI drive (ignored)\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (active_port_count > 0) {
+        ahci_initialized = true;
+        serial_write("[AHCI] Initialization complete: ");
+        serial_write_num(active_port_count);
+        serial_write(" SATA port(s) active\n");
+    } else {
+        serial_write("[AHCI] No active SATA ports found\n");
+    }
+}

src/dev/ahci.h

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#ifndef AHCI_H
+#define AHCI_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+// ============================================================================
+// FIS (Frame Information Structure) Types
+// ============================================================================
+
+typedef enum {
+    FIS_TYPE_REG_H2D   = 0x27,    // Register FIS — Host to Device
+    FIS_TYPE_REG_D2H   = 0x34,    // Register FIS — Device to Host
+    FIS_TYPE_DMA_ACT   = 0x39,    // DMA Activate FIS
+    FIS_TYPE_DMA_SETUP = 0x41,    // DMA Setup FIS
+    FIS_TYPE_DATA      = 0x46,    // Data FIS
+    FIS_TYPE_BIST      = 0x58,    // BIST Activate FIS
+    FIS_TYPE_PIO_SETUP = 0x5F,    // PIO Setup FIS
+    FIS_TYPE_DEV_BITS  = 0xA1,    // Set Device Bits FIS
+} FIS_TYPE;
+
+// ============================================================================
+// HBA Register Structures (MMIO-mapped from ABAR)
+// ============================================================================
+
+// Port Registers (one set per port, at ABAR + 0x100 + portno*0x80)
+typedef volatile struct {
+    uint32_t clb;       // 0x00: Command List Base Address (lower 32 bits)
+    uint32_t clbu;      // 0x04: Command List Base Address (upper 32 bits)
+    uint32_t fb;        // 0x08: FIS Base Address (lower 32 bits)
+    uint32_t fbu;       // 0x0C: FIS Base Address (upper 32 bits)
+    uint32_t is;        // 0x10: Interrupt Status
+    uint32_t ie;        // 0x14: Interrupt Enable
+    uint32_t cmd;       // 0x18: Command and Status
+    uint32_t rsv0;      // 0x1C: Reserved
+    uint32_t tfd;       // 0x20: Task File Data
+    uint32_t sig;       // 0x24: Signature
+    uint32_t ssts;      // 0x28: SATA Status (SStatus)
+    uint32_t sctl;      // 0x2C: SATA Control (SControl)
+    uint32_t serr;      // 0x30: SATA Error (SError)
+    uint32_t sact;      // 0x34: SATA Active (SCR3)
+    uint32_t ci;        // 0x38: Command Issue
+    uint32_t sntf;      // 0x3C: SATA Notification (SCR4)
+    uint32_t fbs;       // 0x40: FIS-based Switch Control
+    uint32_t rsv1[11];  // 0x44~0x6F
+    uint32_t vendor[4]; // 0x70~0x7F
+} HBA_PORT;
+
+// Global HBA Memory Registers (at ABAR)
+typedef volatile struct {
+    uint32_t cap;       // 0x00: Host Capability
+    uint32_t ghc;       // 0x04: Global Host Control
+    uint32_t is;        // 0x08: Interrupt Status
+    uint32_t pi;        // 0x0C: Port Implemented
+    uint32_t vs;        // 0x10: Version
+    uint32_t ccc_ctl;   // 0x14: Command Completion Coalescing Control
+    uint32_t ccc_pts;   // 0x18: Command Completion Coalescing Ports
+    uint32_t em_loc;    // 0x1C: Enclosure Management Location
+    uint32_t em_ctl;    // 0x20: Enclosure Management Control
+    uint32_t cap2;      // 0x24: Host Capabilities Extended
+    uint32_t bohc;      // 0x28: BIOS/OS Handoff Control and Status
+    uint8_t  rsv[0xA0 - 0x2C];
+    uint8_t  vendor[0x100 - 0xA0];
+    HBA_PORT ports[];   // Port 0 at offset 0x100 (flexible array member)
+} HBA_MEM;
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Command List / Table Structures (DMA)
+// ============================================================================
+
+// Command Header (32 bytes each, 32 entries per port = 1KB)
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t  cfl:5;     // Command FIS Length (in DWORDs)
+    uint8_t  a:1;       // ATAPI
+    uint8_t  w:1;       // Write (1=H2D, 0=D2H)
+    uint8_t  p:1;       // Prefetchable
+
+    uint8_t  r:1;       // Reset
+    uint8_t  b:1;       // BIST
+    uint8_t  c:1;       // Clear Busy upon R_OK
+    uint8_t  rsv0:1;
+    uint8_t  pmp:4;     // Port Multiplier Port
+
+    uint16_t prdtl;     // Physical Region Descriptor Table Length (entries)
+
+    volatile uint32_t prdbc;  // PRD Byte Count transferred
+
+    uint32_t ctba;      // Command Table Descriptor Base Address (lower 32)
+    uint32_t ctbau;     // Command Table Descriptor Base Address (upper 32)
+
+    uint32_t rsv1[4];   // Reserved
+} __attribute__((packed)) HBA_CMD_HEADER;
+
+// Physical Region Descriptor Table Entry
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t dba;       // Data Base Address (lower 32)
+    uint32_t dbau;      // Data Base Address (upper 32)
+    uint32_t rsv0;      // Reserved
+    uint32_t dbc:22;    // Byte Count (0-based, max 4MB)
+    uint32_t rsv1:9;    // Reserved
+    uint32_t i:1;       // Interrupt on Completion
+} __attribute__((packed)) HBA_PRDT_ENTRY;
+
+// Host-to-Device Register FIS
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t  fis_type;  // FIS_TYPE_REG_H2D
+    uint8_t  pmport:4;  // Port Multiplier
+    uint8_t  rsv0:3;    // Reserved
+    uint8_t  c:1;       // 1=Command, 0=Control
+    uint8_t  command;   // Command register
+    uint8_t  featurel;  // Feature register (7:0)
+    uint8_t  lba0;      // LBA (7:0)
+    uint8_t  lba1;      // LBA (15:8)
+    uint8_t  lba2;      // LBA (23:16)
+    uint8_t  device;    // Device register
+    uint8_t  lba3;      // LBA (31:24)
+    uint8_t  lba4;      // LBA (39:32)
+    uint8_t  lba5;      // LBA (47:40)
+    uint8_t  featureh;  // Feature register (15:8)
+    uint8_t  countl;    // Count (7:0)
+    uint8_t  counth;    // Count (15:8)
+    uint8_t  icc;       // Isochronous Command Completion
+    uint8_t  control;   // Control register
+    uint8_t  rsv1[4];   // Reserved
+} __attribute__((packed)) FIS_REG_H2D;
+
+// Command Table (256-byte aligned)
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t  cfis[64];      // Command FIS
+    uint8_t  acmd[16];      // ATAPI Command
+    uint8_t  rsv[48];       // Reserved
+    HBA_PRDT_ENTRY prdt[];  // PRDT entries (variable, at least 1)
+} __attribute__((packed)) HBA_CMD_TBL;
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Port Signature Values
+// ============================================================================
+
+#define SATA_SIG_ATA    0x00000101  // SATA drive
+#define SATA_SIG_ATAPI  0xEB140101  // SATAPI drive
+#define SATA_SIG_SEMB   0xC33C0101  // Enclosure management bridge
+#define SATA_SIG_PM     0x96690101  // Port multiplier
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Port Command Bits
+// ============================================================================
+
+#define HBA_PORT_CMD_ST     0x0001  // Start
+#define HBA_PORT_CMD_FRE    0x0010  // FIS Receive Enable
+#define HBA_PORT_CMD_FR     0x4000  // FIS Receive Running
+#define HBA_PORT_CMD_CR     0x8000  // Command List Running
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ATA Commands
+// ============================================================================
+
+#define ATA_CMD_READ_DMA_EX  0x25
+#define ATA_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EX 0x35
+#define ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY     0xEC
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Public API
+// ============================================================================
+
+void ahci_init(void);
+int ahci_read_sectors(int port_num, uint64_t lba, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
+int ahci_write_sectors(int port_num, uint64_t lba, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer);
+int ahci_get_port_count(void);
+bool ahci_port_is_active(int port_num);
+
+#endif

src/dev/disk.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #define SECTOR_SIZE 512
+#define MAX_DISKS 16
 
 typedef enum {
     DISK_TYPE_RAM,
@@ -17,11 +18,12 @@ typedef enum {
 } DiskType;
 
 typedef struct Disk {
-    char letter;            
+    char devname[16];           // Device name: "sda", "sdb", "sda1", etc.
     DiskType type;
     bool is_fat32;
-    char name[32];
+    char label[32];             // Human-readable label
-    uint32_t partition_lba_offset;  // LBA offset of FAT32 partition (0 for raw)
+    uint32_t partition_lba_offset;  // LBA offset of partition (0 for whole disk)
+    uint32_t total_sectors;     // Total sectors on this device/partition
 
     // Function pointers for driver operations
     int (*read_sector)(struct Disk *disk, uint32_t sector, uint8_t *buffer);
@@ -29,14 +31,32 @@ typedef struct Disk {
 
     // Private driver data
     void *driver_data;
+
+    // Parent disk (for partitions — points to the whole-disk Disk)
+    struct Disk *parent;
+    bool is_partition;
+    bool registered;
 } Disk;
 
+// Initialization and scanning
 void disk_manager_init(void);
-void disk_manager_scan(void); // Scans for new disks
+void disk_manager_scan(void);
-Disk* disk_get_by_letter(char letter);
+
-char disk_get_next_free_letter(void);
+// Device registration
 void disk_register(Disk *disk);
+void disk_register_partition(Disk *parent, uint32_t lba_offset, uint32_t sector_count,
+                             bool is_fat32, int part_num);
+
+// Lookup
+Disk* disk_get_by_name(const char *devname);
 int disk_get_count(void);
 Disk* disk_get_by_index(int index);
 
+// Auto-naming helpers
+const char* disk_get_next_dev_name(void);   // Returns "sda", "sdb", etc.
+
+// Backward compat (deprecated — wraps disk_get_by_name)
+Disk* disk_get_by_letter(char letter);
+char disk_get_next_free_letter(void);
+
 #endif

src/dev/disk_manager.c

@@ -6,14 +6,41 @@
 #include "memory_manager.h"
 #include "io.h"
 #include "wm.h"
+#include "ahci.h"
+#include "../fs/vfs.h"
+#include "../fs/fat32.h"
+#include "../sys/spinlock.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
 
-#define MAX_DISKS 26
+static spinlock_t ide_lock = SPINLOCK_INIT;
 
 static Disk *disks[MAX_DISKS];
 static int disk_count = 0;
+static int next_drive_letter_idx = 0;  // For backward compat
+static int next_sd_index = 0;  // For sda, sdb, sdc...
 
-// === ATA Definitions ===
+extern void serial_write(const char *str);
+extern void serial_write_num(uint64_t num);
+
+// === String Helpers ===
+
+static void dm_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
+    while (*src) *dest++ = *src++;
+    *dest = 0;
+}
+
+static int dm_strcmp(const char *a, const char *b) {
+    while (*a && *a == *b) { a++; b++; }
+    return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+}
+
+static int dm_strlen(const char *s) {
+    int n = 0;
+    while (s[n]) n++;
+    return n;
+}
+
+// === ATA Definitions (Legacy IDE PIO — kept as fallback) ===
 
 #define ATA_PRIMARY_IO   0x1F0
 #define ATA_PRIMARY_CTRL 0x3F6
@@ -35,91 +62,68 @@ static int disk_count = 0;
 #define ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO  0x30
 #define ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY   0xEC
 
-#define ATA_SR_BSY     0x80    // Busy
+#define ATA_SR_BSY     0x80
-#define ATA_SR_DRDY    0x40    // Drive ready
+#define ATA_SR_DRDY    0x40
-#define ATA_SR_DF      0x20    // Drive write fault
+#define ATA_SR_DF      0x20
-#define ATA_SR_DSC     0x10    // Drive seek complete
+#define ATA_SR_DSC     0x10
-#define ATA_SR_DRQ     0x08    // Data request ready
+#define ATA_SR_DRQ     0x08
-#define ATA_SR_CORR    0x04    // Corrected data
+#define ATA_SR_CORR    0x04
-#define ATA_SR_IDX     0x02    // Index
+#define ATA_SR_IDX     0x02
-#define ATA_SR_ERR     0x01    // Error
+#define ATA_SR_ERR     0x01
 
 typedef struct {
     uint16_t port_base;
     bool slave;
 } ATADriverData;
 
-// === Helpers ===
+// === ATA PIO Driver ===
 
-static void dm_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
+static int ata_wait_bsy(uint16_t port_base) {
-    while (*src) *dest++ = *src++;
+    int timeout = 10000000;
-    *dest = 0;
+    while ((inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_BSY) && --timeout > 0);
+    return timeout <= 0 ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-void disk_register(Disk *disk);
+static int ata_wait_drq(uint16_t port_base) {
-
+    int timeout = 10000000;
-
+    while (!(inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & (ATA_SR_DRQ | ATA_SR_ERR)) && --timeout > 0);
-static int ramdisk_read(Disk *disk, uint32_t sector, uint8_t *buffer) {
+    if (timeout <= 0 || (inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_ERR)) return -1;
-    (void)disk; (void)sector; (void)buffer;
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int ramdisk_write(Disk *disk, uint32_t sector, const uint8_t *buffer) {
-    (void)disk; (void)sector; (void)buffer;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-
-static void ata_wait_bsy(uint16_t port_base) {
-    while (inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_BSY);
-}
-
-static void ata_wait_drq(uint16_t port_base) {
-    while (!(inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
-}
-
-// Returns 1 if drive exists, 0 otherwise
 static int ata_identify(uint16_t port_base, bool slave) {
-    // Select Drive
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_HDDEVSEL, slave ? 0xB0 : 0xA0);
-    // Zero out sector count and LBA registers
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, 0);
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_LBA0, 0);
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_LBA1, 0);
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_LBA2, 0);
 
-    // Send Identify command
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY);
 
-    // Check if status is 0 (no drive)
     uint8_t status = inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS);
     if (status == 0) return 0;
 
-    // Wait until BSY clears
     int timeout = 10000;
     while ((inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_BSY) && --timeout > 0) {
         status = inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS);
-        if (status == 0) return 0; // Check again
+        if (status == 0) return 0;
     }
-    if (timeout <= 0) return 0; // Hardware didn't respond
+    if (timeout <= 0) return 0;
-    
-    // Check for error
-    if (inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_ERR) {
-        return 0; // Error, likely not ATA
-    }
-    
-    // Wait for DRQ or ERR
-    while (!(inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & (ATA_SR_DRQ | ATA_SR_ERR)));
 
     if (inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_ERR) return 0;
 
-    // Read 256 words (512 bytes) of identity data
+    if (ata_wait_drq(port_base) != 0) return 0;
+
+    if (inb(port_base + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_ERR) return 0;
+
+    uint32_t sectors = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
         uint16_t data = inw(port_base + ATA_REG_DATA);
-        (void)data;
+        if (i == 60) sectors |= (uint32_t)data;
+        if (i == 61) sectors |= (uint32_t)data << 16;
     }
 
-    return 1;
+    return sectors;
 }
 
 static int ata_read_sector(Disk *disk, uint32_t lba, uint8_t *buffer) {
@@ -127,9 +131,22 @@ static int ata_read_sector(Disk *disk, uint32_t lba, uint8_t *buffer) {
     uint16_t port_base = data->port_base;
     bool slave = data->slave;
 
-    ata_wait_bsy(port_base);
+    // For partition reads, add the partition LBA offset
+    if (disk->is_partition && disk->parent) {
+        lba += disk->partition_lba_offset;
+        // Use parent's driver
+        data = (ATADriverData*)disk->parent->driver_data;
+        port_base = data->port_base;
+        slave = data->slave;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&ide_lock);
+
+    if (ata_wait_bsy(port_base) != 0) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&ide_lock, flags);
+        return -1;
+    }
 
-    // Select drive and send highest 4 bits of LBA
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_HDDEVSEL, 0xE0 | (slave << 4) | ((lba >> 24) & 0x0F));
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_FEATURES, 0x00);
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, 1);
@@ -138,15 +155,22 @@ static int ata_read_sector(Disk *disk, uint32_t lba, uint8_t *buffer) {
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_LBA2, (uint8_t)(lba >> 16));
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_READ_PIO);
 
-    ata_wait_bsy(port_base);
+    if (ata_wait_bsy(port_base) != 0) {
-    ata_wait_drq(port_base);
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&ide_lock, flags);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (ata_wait_drq(port_base) != 0) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&ide_lock, flags);
+        return -1;
+    }
 
     uint16_t *ptr = (uint16_t*)buffer;
     for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
         ptr[i] = inw(port_base + ATA_REG_DATA);
     }
 
-    return 0; // Success
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&ide_lock, flags);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static int ata_write_sector(Disk *disk, uint32_t lba, const uint8_t *buffer) {
@@ -154,7 +178,20 @@ static int ata_write_sector(Disk *disk, uint32_t lba, const uint8_t *buffer) {
     uint16_t port_base = data->port_base;
     bool slave = data->slave;
 
-    ata_wait_bsy(port_base);
+    // For partition writes, add the partition LBA offset
+    if (disk->is_partition && disk->parent) {
+        lba += disk->partition_lba_offset;
+        data = (ATADriverData*)disk->parent->driver_data;
+        port_base = data->port_base;
+        slave = data->slave;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&ide_lock);
+
+    if (ata_wait_bsy(port_base) != 0) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&ide_lock, flags);
+        return -1;
+    }
 
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_HDDEVSEL, 0xE0 | (slave << 4) | ((lba >> 24) & 0x0F));
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_FEATURES, 0x00);
@@ -164,74 +201,130 @@ static int ata_write_sector(Disk *disk, uint32_t lba, const uint8_t *buffer) {
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_LBA2, (uint8_t)(lba >> 16));
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO);
 
-    ata_wait_bsy(port_base);
+    if (ata_wait_bsy(port_base) != 0) {
-    ata_wait_drq(port_base);
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&ide_lock, flags);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (ata_wait_drq(port_base) != 0) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&ide_lock, flags);
+        return -1;
+    }
 
     const uint16_t *ptr = (const uint16_t*)buffer;
     for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
         outw(port_base + ATA_REG_DATA, ptr[i]);
     }
 
-    // Flush / Sync
     outb(port_base + ATA_REG_COMMAND, 0xE7); // Cache Flush
-    ata_wait_bsy(port_base);
+    if (ata_wait_bsy(port_base) != 0) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&ide_lock, flags);
+        return -1;
+    }
 
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&ide_lock, flags);
     return 0;
 }
 
+// === Device Naming ===
 
-char disk_get_next_free_letter(void) {
+const char* disk_get_next_dev_name(void) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_DISKS; i++) {
+    static char name[8];
-        char letter = 'A' + i;
+    name[0] = 's';
-        bool used = false;
+    name[1] = 'd';
-        for (int j = 0; j < disk_count; j++) {
+    name[2] = 'a' + next_sd_index;
-            if (disks[j]->letter == letter) {
+    name[3] = 0;
-                used = true;
+    next_sd_index++;
-                break;
+    return name;
-            }
-        }
-        if (!used) return letter;
-    }
-    return 0; // No free letters
 }
 
+// === Registration ===
+
 void disk_register(Disk *disk) {
     if (disk_count >= MAX_DISKS) return;
 
-    // Ensure letter is unique
+    // Auto-assign devname if empty
-    if (disk->letter == 0) {
+    if (disk->devname[0] == 0) {
-        disk->letter = disk_get_next_free_letter();
+        const char *n = disk_get_next_dev_name();
+        dm_strcpy(disk->devname, n);
     }
 
+    disk->registered = true;
     disks[disk_count++] = disk;
+
+    serial_write("[DISK] Registered /dev/");
+    serial_write(disk->devname);
+    serial_write(" (");
+    serial_write(disk->label);
+    serial_write(")\n");
 }
 
-void disk_manager_init(void) {
+void disk_register_partition(Disk *parent, uint32_t lba_offset, uint32_t sector_count,
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_DISKS; i++) {
+                             bool is_fat32, int part_num) {
-        disks[i] = NULL;
+    if (disk_count >= MAX_DISKS) return;
+
+    Disk *part = (Disk*)kmalloc(sizeof(Disk));
+    if (!part) return;
+
+    // Build name: parent_devname + partition number (e.g. "sda1")
+    int len = dm_strlen(parent->devname);
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) part->devname[i] = parent->devname[i];
+    part->devname[len] = '0' + part_num;
+    part->devname[len + 1] = 0;
+
+    part->type = parent->type;
+    part->is_fat32 = is_fat32;
+    dm_strcpy(part->label, is_fat32 ? "FAT32 Partition" : "Unknown Partition");
+    part->partition_lba_offset = lba_offset;
+    part->total_sectors = sector_count;
+    part->read_sector = parent->read_sector;
+    part->write_sector = parent->write_sector;
+    part->driver_data = parent->driver_data;
+    part->parent = parent;
+    part->is_partition = true;
+    part->registered = true;
+
+    disks[disk_count++] = part;
+
+    serial_write("[DISK] Registered /dev/");
+    serial_write(part->devname);
+    serial_write(" (LBA offset ");
+    serial_write_num(lba_offset);
+    serial_write(", ");
+    serial_write_num(sector_count);
+    serial_write(" sectors, FAT32=");
+    serial_write(" sectors, FAT32=");
+    serial_write(is_fat32 ? "yes" : "no");
+    serial_write(")\n");
+
+    if (is_fat32) {
+        // Try to initialize and mount FAT32 volume to VFS
+        void *vol = fat32_mount_volume(part);
+        if (vol) {
+            char mount_path[32];
+            mount_path[0] = '/';
+            mount_path[1] = 'd'; mount_path[2] = 'e'; mount_path[3] = 'v'; mount_path[4] = '/';
+            dm_strcpy(mount_path + 5, part->devname);
+            
+            if (vfs_mount(mount_path, part->devname, "fat32", fat32_get_realfs_ops(), vol)) {
+                serial_write("[VFS] Mounted ");
+                serial_write(mount_path);
+                serial_write(" to VFS\n");
+                wm_notify_fs_change();
+            } else {
+                serial_write("[VFS] Failed to mount ");
+                serial_write(mount_path);
+                serial_write("\n");
+            }
+        }
     }
-    disk_count = 0;
-
-    // Register A: (Ramdisk)
-    Disk *ramdisk = (Disk*)kmalloc(sizeof(Disk));
-    ramdisk->letter = 'A';
-    ramdisk->type = DISK_TYPE_RAM;
-    ramdisk->is_fat32 = true; // Ramdisk is always formatted
-    dm_strcpy(ramdisk->name, "RAM");
-    ramdisk->read_sector = ramdisk_read;
-    ramdisk->write_sector = ramdisk_write;
-    ramdisk->driver_data = NULL;
-    ramdisk->partition_lba_offset = 0;
-    
-    disk_register(ramdisk);
 }
 
-Disk* disk_get_by_letter(char letter) {
+// === Lookup ===
-    // Uppercase
-    if (letter >= 'a' && letter <= 'z') letter -= 32;
 
+Disk* disk_get_by_name(const char *devname) {
+    if (!devname) return NULL;
     for (int i = 0; i < disk_count; i++) {
-        if (disks[i]->letter == letter) {
+        if (dm_strcmp(disks[i]->devname, devname) == 0) {
             return disks[i];
         }
     }
@@ -247,36 +340,57 @@ Disk* disk_get_by_index(int index) {
     return disks[index];
 }
 
+// === Backward Compat (deprecated) ===
 
-// === MBR Partition Table Structures ===
+char disk_get_next_free_letter(void) {
+    char letter = 'B' + next_drive_letter_idx++;
+    if (letter > 'Z') return 0;
+    return letter;
+}
+
+Disk* disk_get_by_letter(char letter) {
+    // Maps old letter scheme: A=ramfs (not a block device), B+=first real disk, etc.
+    if (letter >= 'a' && letter <= 'z') letter -= 32;
+
+    // A: was the ramdisk — return NULL since ramfs is now VFS-managed
+    if (letter == 'A') return NULL;
+
+    // B-Z map to disk indices 0, 1, 2...
+    // Find real disks (non-RAM, non-partition-parent)
+    int real_idx = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < disk_count; i++) {
+        if (disks[i]->is_partition && disks[i]->is_fat32) {
+            if (real_idx == (letter - 'B')) {
+                return disks[i];
+            }
+            real_idx++;
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// === MBR Partition Table ===
 
 typedef struct {
-    uint8_t  status;           // 0x80 = bootable, 0x00 = inactive
+    uint8_t  status;
-    uint8_t  chs_first[3];    // CHS of first sector
+    uint8_t  chs_first[3];
-    uint8_t  type;             // Partition type
+    uint8_t  type;
-    uint8_t  chs_last[3];     // CHS of last sector
+    uint8_t  chs_last[3];
-    uint32_t lba_start;        // LBA of first sector
+    uint32_t lba_start;
-    uint32_t sector_count;     // Number of sectors
+    uint32_t sector_count;
 } __attribute__((packed)) MBR_PartitionEntry;
 
-// FAT32 partition type codes
 #define PART_TYPE_FAT32     0x0B
 #define PART_TYPE_FAT32_LBA 0x0C
 
-// Check if sector contains a valid FAT32 BPB (Volume Boot Record)
 static bool is_fat32_bpb(const uint8_t *sector) {
-    // Must have 0xAA55 boot signature
     if (sector[510] != 0x55 || sector[511] != 0xAA) return false;
 
-    // Check for FAT32 filesystem string at offset 82
-    // "FAT32   " in the fs_type field of the BPB
     if (sector[82] == 'F' && sector[83] == 'A' && sector[84] == 'T' &&
         sector[85] == '3' && sector[86] == '2') {
         return true;
     }
 
-    // Also accept if bytes_per_sector is 512 and sectors_per_fat_16 is 0
-    // (FAT32 always has sectors_per_fat_16 == 0)
     uint16_t bps = *(uint16_t*)&sector[11];
     uint16_t spf16 = *(uint16_t*)&sector[22];
     uint32_t spf32 = *(uint32_t*)&sector[36];
@@ -287,60 +401,68 @@ static bool is_fat32_bpb(const uint8_t *sector) {
     return false;
 }
 
-// Parse MBR partition table and find a FAT32 partition.
+// Parse MBR and register each partition as a child block device
-// Sets disk->partition_lba_offset and returns true if found.
+static void parse_mbr_partitions(Disk *disk) {
-static bool detect_fat32_partition(Disk *disk) {
     uint8_t *buffer = (uint8_t*)kmalloc(512);
-    if (!buffer) return false;
+    if (!buffer) return;
 
-    // Read sector 0 (MBR or raw BPB)
     if (disk->read_sector(disk, 0, buffer) != 0) {
         kfree(buffer);
-        return false;
+        return;
     }
 
-    // Must have 0xAA55 boot signature
+    // Check for valid MBR signature
     if (buffer[510] != 0x55 || buffer[511] != 0xAA) {
         kfree(buffer);
-        return false;
+        return;
     }
 
-    // Check MBR partition table entries (4 entries at offset 446)
     MBR_PartitionEntry *partitions = (MBR_PartitionEntry*)&buffer[446];
+    int part_num = 1;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        if (partitions[i].type == PART_TYPE_FAT32 ||
+        uint32_t start = partitions[i].lba_start;
-            partitions[i].type == PART_TYPE_FAT32_LBA) {
+        uint32_t size = partitions[i].sector_count;
+        uint8_t type = partitions[i].type;
 
-            uint32_t part_lba = partitions[i].lba_start;
+        if (type == 0x00) continue; // Empty entry
+        if (size == 0) continue;
+        if (start >= disk->total_sectors) continue; // Invalid start
         
-            // Read the partition's first sector to verify it's a valid FAT32 BPB
+        bool fat32 = false;
+        if (type == PART_TYPE_FAT32 || type == PART_TYPE_FAT32_LBA) {
+            // Verify by reading the BPB
             uint8_t *pbuf = (uint8_t*)kmalloc(512);
-            if (!pbuf) { kfree(buffer); return false; }
+            if (pbuf) {
-            
+                if (disk->read_sector(disk, start, pbuf) == 0) {
-            if (disk->read_sector(disk, part_lba, pbuf) == 0 && is_fat32_bpb(pbuf)) {
+                    fat32 = is_fat32_bpb(pbuf);
-                disk->partition_lba_offset = part_lba;
-                kfree(pbuf);
-                kfree(buffer);
-                return true;
                 }
                 kfree(pbuf);
             }
         }
 
-    // Fallback: check if sector 0 itself is a raw FAT32 BPB (no partition table)
+        disk_register_partition(disk, partitions[i].lba_start,
-    if (is_fat32_bpb(buffer)) {
+                                partitions[i].sector_count, fat32, part_num);
+        part_num++;
+    }
+
+    // Fallback: if no partitions found, check if entire disk is a raw FAT32 volume
+    if (part_num == 1 && is_fat32_bpb(buffer)) {
+        serial_write("[DISK] No MBR partitions — raw FAT32 volume on /dev/");
+        serial_write(disk->devname);
+        serial_write("\n");
+        disk->is_fat32 = true;
         disk->partition_lba_offset = 0;
-        kfree(buffer);
-        return true;
     }
 
     kfree(buffer);
-    return false;
 }
 
+// === ATA Drive Discovery ===
+
 static void try_add_ata_drive(uint16_t port, bool slave, const char *name) {
-    if (ata_identify(port, slave)) {
+    uint32_t sectors = ata_identify(port, slave);
+    if (sectors > 0) {
         Disk *new_disk = (Disk*)kmalloc(sizeof(Disk));
         if (!new_disk) return;
 
@@ -348,29 +470,51 @@ static void try_add_ata_drive(uint16_t port, bool slave, const char *name) {
         data->port_base = port;
         data->slave = slave;
 
-        new_disk->letter = 0; // Auto-assign
+        new_disk->devname[0] = 0; // Auto-assign
         new_disk->type = DISK_TYPE_IDE;
-        dm_strcpy(new_disk->name, name);
+        dm_strcpy(new_disk->label, name);
         new_disk->read_sector = ata_read_sector;
         new_disk->write_sector = ata_write_sector;
         new_disk->driver_data = data;
         new_disk->partition_lba_offset = 0;
+        new_disk->total_sectors = sectors;
+        new_disk->parent = NULL;
+        new_disk->is_partition = false;
+        new_disk->is_fat32 = false;
 
-        // Detect FAT32 (with MBR partition support)
-        if (detect_fat32_partition(new_disk)) {
-            new_disk->is_fat32 = true;
         disk_register(new_disk);
-        } else {
+
-            kfree(data);
+        // Parse MBR to find partitions
-            kfree(new_disk);
+        parse_mbr_partitions(new_disk);
     }
 }
+
+// === Init & Scan ===
+
+void disk_manager_init(void) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_DISKS; i++) {
+        disks[i] = NULL;
+    }
+    disk_count = 0;
+    next_sd_index = 0;
+    next_drive_letter_idx = 0;
+
+    serial_write("[DISK] Disk manager initialized (VFS mode)\n");
+    // NOTE: Ramdisk (A:) is no longer registered here.
+    // RAMFS is managed directly by fat32.c and mounted at "/" via VFS.
 }
 
 void disk_manager_scan(void) {
-    // Probe Standard ATA Ports
+    serial_write("[DISK] Initializing AHCI (SATA DMA)...\n");
-    try_add_ata_drive(ATA_PRIMARY_IO, false, "IDE1");
+    ahci_init();
-    try_add_ata_drive(ATA_PRIMARY_IO, true, "IDE2");
+    
-    try_add_ata_drive(ATA_SECONDARY_IO, false, "IDE3");
+    if (ahci_get_port_count() == 0) {
-    try_add_ata_drive(ATA_SECONDARY_IO, true, "IDE4");
+        serial_write("[DISK] No AHCI ports found, falling back to legacy IDE PIO...\n");
+        try_add_ata_drive(ATA_PRIMARY_IO, false, "IDE Primary Master");
+        try_add_ata_drive(ATA_PRIMARY_IO, true, "IDE Primary Slave");
+        try_add_ata_drive(ATA_SECONDARY_IO, false, "IDE Secondary Master");
+        try_add_ata_drive(ATA_SECONDARY_IO, true, "IDE Secondary Slave");
+    } else {
+        serial_write("[DISK] AHCI initialized successfully, skipping legacy IDE.\n");
+    }
 }

src/dev/pci.c

@@ -97,3 +97,23 @@ int pci_find_device_by_class(uint8_t class_code, uint8_t subclass, pci_device_t*
     }
     return 0;
 }
+
+uint32_t pci_get_bar(pci_device_t *dev, int bar_num) {
+    if (!dev || bar_num < 0 || bar_num > 5) return 0;
+    uint8_t offset = 0x10 + (bar_num * 4);
+    return pci_read_config(dev->bus, dev->device, dev->function, offset);
+}
+
+void pci_enable_bus_mastering(pci_device_t *dev) {
+    if (!dev) return;
+    uint32_t cmd = pci_read_config(dev->bus, dev->device, dev->function, 0x04);
+    cmd |= (1 << 2); // Set Bus Master bit
+    pci_write_config(dev->bus, dev->device, dev->function, 0x04, cmd);
+}
+
+void pci_enable_mmio(pci_device_t *dev) {
+    if (!dev) return;
+    uint32_t cmd = pci_read_config(dev->bus, dev->device, dev->function, 0x04);
+    cmd |= (1 << 1); // Set Memory Space bit
+    pci_write_config(dev->bus, dev->device, dev->function, 0x04, cmd);
+}

src/dev/pci.h

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ typedef struct {
 
 #define PCI_CLASS_NETWORK_CONTROLLER  0x02
 #define PCI_CLASS_ETHERNET_CONTROLLER 0x00
+#define PCI_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE        0x01
+#define PCI_SUBCLASS_SATA             0x06
+#define PCI_SUBCLASS_IDE              0x01
 
 uint32_t pci_read_config(uint8_t bus, uint8_t device, uint8_t function, uint8_t offset);
 void pci_write_config(uint8_t bus, uint8_t device, uint8_t function, uint8_t offset, uint32_t value);
@@ -35,4 +38,9 @@ int pci_enumerate_devices(pci_device_t* devices, int max_devices);
 int pci_find_device(uint16_t vendor_id, uint16_t device_id, pci_device_t* device);
 int pci_find_device_by_class(uint8_t class_code, uint8_t subclass, pci_device_t* device);
 
+// BAR access and bus mastering helpers
+uint32_t pci_get_bar(pci_device_t *dev, int bar_num);
+void pci_enable_bus_mastering(pci_device_t *dev);
+void pci_enable_mmio(pci_device_t *dev);
+
 #endif

src/dev/ps2.c

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "io.h"
 #include "wm.h"
 #include "network.h"
+#include "lapic.h"
+#include "smp.h"
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 extern void serial_print(const char *s);
@@ -14,23 +16,49 @@ extern void serial_print_hex(uint64_t n);
 volatile uint64_t kernel_ticks = 0;
 
 uint64_t timer_handler(registers_t *regs) {
+    if (smp_this_cpu_id() == 0) {
         kernel_ticks++;
         wm_timer_tick();
         network_process_frames();
         
         extern void k_beep_process(void);
         k_beep_process();
+    }
     
-    outb(0x20, 0x20); // EOI after processing to prevent nested timer interrupts
+    outb(0x20, 0x20); 
     extern uint64_t process_schedule(uint64_t current_rsp);
-    return process_schedule((uint64_t)regs);
+    uint64_t new_rsp = process_schedule((uint64_t)regs);
+    
+    if (smp_cpu_count() > 1) {
+        lapic_send_ipi_all();
+    }
+    
+    return new_rsp;
 }
 
 // --- Keyboard ---
 static bool shift_pressed = false;
+static bool caps_lock_on = false;
 bool ps2_ctrl_pressed = false;
 static bool extended_scancode = false;
 
+static void ps2_kbd_wait_write(void) {
+    uint32_t timeout = 100000;
+    while (timeout--) {
+        if ((inb(0x64) & 2) == 0) return;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ps2_update_leds(void) {
+    uint8_t led_status = 0;
+    if (caps_lock_on) led_status |= 4;
+    
+    ps2_kbd_wait_write();
+    outb(0x60, 0xED);
+    ps2_kbd_wait_write();
+    outb(0x60, led_status);
+}
+
 static char scancode_map[128] = {
     0,  27, '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '-', '=', '\b',
     '\t', 'q', 'w', 'e', 'r', 't', 'y', 'u', 'i', 'o', 'p', '[', ']', '\n',
@@ -58,7 +86,7 @@ uint64_t keyboard_handler(registers_t *regs) {
 
     if (scancode == 0x1D) {
         ps2_ctrl_pressed = true;
-        extended_scancode = false; // Reset if Ctrl is pressed (prevents E0 1D bug)
+        extended_scancode = false; 
     } else if (scancode == 0x9D) {
         ps2_ctrl_pressed = false;
         extended_scancode = false;
@@ -68,10 +96,9 @@ uint64_t keyboard_handler(registers_t *regs) {
         extern process_t* process_get_current(void);
         process_t* proc = process_get_current();
         if (proc && proc->is_user && proc->is_terminal_proc && proc->ui_window) {
-            // Only kill if the associated terminal window is focused
             if (((Window*)proc->ui_window)->focused) {
                 extern uint64_t process_terminate_current(void);
-                outb(0x20, 0x20); // EOI before context switch
+                outb(0x20, 0x20); 
                 return process_terminate_current();
             }
         }
@@ -81,7 +108,10 @@ uint64_t keyboard_handler(registers_t *regs) {
         shift_pressed = true;
     } else if (scancode == 0xAA || scancode == 0xB6) { // Shift Up
         shift_pressed = false;
-    } else if (!(scancode & 0x80)) { // Key Press (not release)
+    } else if (scancode == 0x3A) { // Caps Lock Down
+        caps_lock_on = !caps_lock_on;
+        ps2_update_leds();
+    } else if (!(scancode & 0x80)) { // Key Press
         if (extended_scancode) {
             extended_scancode = false;
             switch (scancode) {
@@ -93,6 +123,10 @@ uint64_t keyboard_handler(registers_t *regs) {
         } else {
             char c = shift_pressed ? scancode_map_shift[scancode] : scancode_map[scancode];
             if (c) {
+                if (caps_lock_on) {
+                    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') c -= 32;
+                    else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') c += 32;
+                }
                 wm_handle_key(c, true);
             }
         }
@@ -106,8 +140,13 @@ uint64_t keyboard_handler(registers_t *regs) {
                 case 0x4D: wm_handle_key(20, false); break; // Right arrow
             }
         } else {
-            char c = shift_pressed ? scancode_map_shift[scancode & 0x7F] : scancode_map[scancode & 0x7F];
+            uint8_t base_scancode = scancode & 0x7F;
+            char c = shift_pressed ? scancode_map_shift[base_scancode] : scancode_map[base_scancode];
             if (c) {
+                if (caps_lock_on) {
+                    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') c -= 32;
+                    else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') c += 32;
+                }
                 wm_handle_key(c, false);
             }
         }
@@ -168,7 +207,7 @@ void mouse_init(void) {
     mouse_write(0xF6);
     mouse_read();
 
-    // Enable Wheel - Magic Sequence
+    // Enable Wheel
     mouse_write(0xF3); mouse_read(); mouse_write(200); mouse_read();
     mouse_write(0xF3); mouse_read(); mouse_write(100); mouse_read();
     mouse_write(0xF3); mouse_read(); mouse_write(80); mouse_read();

src/fs/fat32.h

@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ typedef struct {
     uint32_t file_size;             // File size
 } __attribute__((packed)) FAT32_DirEntry;
 
+// Long File Name Directory Entry (32 bytes)
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t order;                  // Sequence number (0x40 = last, | index)
+    uint16_t name1[5];              // Characters 1-5 (UCS-2)
+    uint8_t attr;                   // Always 0x0F
+    uint8_t type;                   // Always 0x00
+    uint8_t checksum;               // Checksum of short name
+    uint16_t name2[6];              // Characters 6-11 (UCS-2)
+    uint16_t first_cluster;         // Always 0x0000
+    uint16_t name3[2];              // Characters 12-13 (UCS-2)
+} __attribute__((packed)) FAT32_LFNEntry;
+
 // File Attributes
 #define ATTR_READ_ONLY   0x01
 #define ATTR_HIDDEN      0x02
@@ -70,6 +82,7 @@ typedef struct {
 #define ATTR_ARCHIVE     0x20
 #define ATTR_DEVICE      0x40
 #define ATTR_RESERVED    0x80
+#define ATTR_LFN         0x0F  // LFN marker (all of the above ORed)
 
 // FAT32 Constants
 #define FAT32_SECTOR_SIZE 512
@@ -88,7 +101,9 @@ typedef struct {
     bool valid;                     // Is this handle valid?
     uint32_t dir_sector;            // Sector containing the directory entry
     uint32_t dir_offset;            // Offset within that sector
-    char drive;                     // Drive letter (A, B, ...)
+    bool is_directory;              // Is this a directory?
+    uint8_t attributes;             // File attributes
+    void *volume;                   // Pointer to owning FAT32_Volume (or NULL for ramfs)
 } FAT32_FileHandle;
 
 // Directory Entry Info (for listing)
@@ -101,12 +116,23 @@ typedef struct {
     uint16_t write_time;
 } FAT32_FileInfo;
 
+// === VFS Integration ===
+// Forward-declared VFS ops type (defined in vfs.h)
+struct vfs_fs_ops;
+
+// Get VFS ops structs for registration
+struct vfs_fs_ops* fat32_get_ramfs_ops(void);
+struct vfs_fs_ops* fat32_get_realfs_ops(void);
+
+// Mount a real FAT32 volume from a block device — returns fs_private for VFS
+void* fat32_mount_volume(void *disk_ptr);
+
 // === Function Declarations ===
 
 // Initialization
 void fat32_init(void);
 
-// File Operations
+// File Operations (backward-compat wrappers — dispatch through VFS)
 FAT32_FileHandle* fat32_open(const char *path, const char *mode);
 void fat32_close(FAT32_FileHandle *handle);
 int fat32_read(FAT32_FileHandle *handle, void *buffer, int size);
@@ -124,7 +150,10 @@ bool fat32_is_directory(const char *path);
 // Listing
 int fat32_list_directory(const char *path, FAT32_FileInfo *entries, int max_entries);
 
-// Working Directory
+// Info
+int fat32_get_info(const char *path, FAT32_FileInfo *info);
+
+// Working Directory (backward compat — wraps VFS path tracking)
 bool fat32_chdir(const char *path);
 void fat32_get_current_dir(char *buffer, int size);
 bool fat32_change_drive(char drive);

src/fs/procfs.c

@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+#include "vfs.h"
+#include "../sys/process.h"
+#include "../sys/syscall.h"
+#include "../dev/disk.h"
+#include "memory_manager.h"
+#include "core/kutils.h"
+#include "core/platform.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t pid;
+    char type[32]; 
+    int offset;
+    bool is_root;
+} procfs_handle_t;
+
+void* procfs_open(void *fs_private, const char *path, const char *mode) {
+    if (path[0] == '/') path++;
+    
+    procfs_handle_t *h = (procfs_handle_t*)kmalloc(sizeof(procfs_handle_t));
+    k_memset(h, 0, sizeof(procfs_handle_t));
+    h->offset = 0;
+
+    if (path[0] == '\0') {
+        h->is_root = true;
+        return h;
+    }
+
+    if (path[0] >= '0' && path[0] <= '9') {
+        char pid_str[16];
+        int i = 0;
+        while (path[i] && path[i] != '/' && i < 15) {
+            pid_str[i] = path[i];
+            i++;
+        }
+        pid_str[i] = 0;
+        h->pid = k_atoi(pid_str);
+
+        if (path[i] == '/') {
+            k_strcpy(h->type, path + i + 1);
+        } else {
+            h->type[0] = 0; 
+        }
+        return h;
+    }
+
+    h->pid = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    k_strcpy(h->type, path);
+    return h;
+}
+
+void procfs_close(void *fs_private, void *handle) {
+    if (handle) kfree(handle);
+}
+
+int procfs_read(void *fs_private, void *handle, void *buf, int size) {
+    procfs_handle_t *h = (procfs_handle_t*)handle;
+    if (!h) return -1;
+
+    char *out = (char*)kmalloc(16384);
+    if (!out) return -1;
+    out[0] = 0;
+
+    if (h->pid == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        if (k_strcmp(h->type, "version") == 0) {
+            extern void get_os_info(os_info_t *info);
+            os_info_t info;
+            get_os_info(&info);
+            k_strcpy(out, info.os_name);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " [");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), info.os_codename);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "] Version ");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), info.os_version);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\nKernel: ");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), info.kernel_name);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " ");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), info.kernel_version);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\nBuild: ");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), info.build_date);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " ");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), info.build_time);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        } else if (k_strcmp(h->type, "uptime") == 0) {
+            extern uint32_t wm_get_ticks(void);
+            uint32_t ticks = wm_get_ticks();
+            k_itoa(ticks / 60, out);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " seconds\nRaw_Ticks:");
+            char t_s[16]; k_itoa(ticks, t_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), t_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        } else if (k_strcmp(h->type, "cpuinfo") == 0) {
+            extern uint32_t smp_cpu_count(void);
+            extern void platform_get_cpu_model(char *model);
+            extern void platform_get_cpu_vendor(char *vendor);
+            extern void platform_get_cpu_info(cpu_info_t *info);
+            extern void platform_get_cpu_flags(char *flags_str);
+            
+            char model[64];
+            char vendor[16];
+            char flags[1024];
+            cpu_info_t info;
+            
+            platform_get_cpu_model(model);
+            platform_get_cpu_vendor(vendor);
+            platform_get_cpu_info(&info);
+            platform_get_cpu_flags(flags);
+            
+            uint32_t cpu_count = smp_cpu_count();
+            out[0] = '\0';
+            
+            // Output info for each processor
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cpu_count; i++) {
+                char buf[32];
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "processor\t: ");
+                k_itoa(i, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "vendor_id\t: ");
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), vendor);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "cpu family\t: ");
+                k_itoa(info.family, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "model\t\t: ");
+                k_itoa(info.model, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "model name\t: ");
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), model);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "stepping\t: ");
+                k_itoa(info.stepping, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "microcode\t: 0x");
+                char hex[16];
+                int temp = info.microcode;
+                int hex_pos = 0;
+                for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) {
+                    int digit = (temp >> (j * 4)) & 0xF;
+                    hex[hex_pos++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : 'a' + (digit - 10);
+                }
+                hex[hex_pos] = '\0';
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), hex);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "cache size\t: ");
+                k_itoa(info.cache_size, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " KB\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "physical id\t: 0\n");
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "siblings\t: ");
+                k_itoa(cpu_count, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "core id\t\t: ");
+                k_itoa(i, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "cpu cores\t: ");
+                k_itoa(cpu_count, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "apicid\t\t: ");
+                k_itoa(i, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "initial apicid\t: ");
+                k_itoa(i, buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), buf);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "fpu\t\t: yes\n");
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "fpu_exception\t: yes\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "cpuid level\t: 13\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "wp\t\t: yes\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "flags\t\t: ");
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), flags);
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "bugs\t\t: \n");
+                k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "bogomips\t: 4800.00\n");
+                
+                if (i < cpu_count - 1) {
+                    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (k_strcmp(h->type, "meminfo") == 0) {
+            extern MemStats memory_get_stats(void);
+            MemStats stats = memory_get_stats();
+            char m_s[32];
+            
+            k_strcpy(out, "MemTotal:\t");
+            k_itoa(stats.total_memory / 1024, m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " kB\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "MemFree:\t");
+            k_itoa(stats.available_memory / 1024, m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " kB\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "MemAvailable:\t");
+            k_itoa(stats.available_memory / 1024, m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " kB\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Buffers:\t0 kB\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Cached:\t\t0 kB\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "MemUsed:\t");
+            k_itoa(stats.used_memory / 1024, m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " kB\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "MemPeak:\t");
+            k_itoa(stats.peak_memory_used / 1024, m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " kB\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "SwapTotal:\t0 kB\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "SwapFree:\t0 kB\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Dirty:\t\t0 kB\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Writeback:\t0 kB\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "AnonPages:\t");
+            k_itoa(stats.used_memory / 1024, m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " kB\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Mapped:\t\t0 kB\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Shmem:\t\t0 kB\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Blocks:\t\t");
+            k_itoa(stats.allocated_blocks, m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "FreeBlocks:\t");
+            k_itoa(stats.free_blocks, m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Fragmentation:\t");
+            k_itoa(stats.fragmentation_percent, m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), m_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "%\n");
+        } else if (k_strcmp(h->type, "devices") == 0) {
+            extern int disk_get_count(void);
+            extern Disk* disk_get_by_index(int index);
+            int dcount = disk_get_count();
+            out[0] = '\0';
+            
+            k_strcpy(out, "Character devices:\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  1 mem\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  4 tty\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  5 cua\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  7 vcs\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  8 stdin\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " 13 input\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " 14 sound\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " 29 fb\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "189 usb\n\n");
+            
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Block devices:\n");
+            for (int i = 0; i < dcount; i++) {
+                Disk *d = disk_get_by_index(i);
+                if (d && !d->is_partition) {
+                    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  8 ");
+                    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), d->devname);
+                    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+                }
+            }
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " 11 sr\n");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "253 virtblk\n");
+        }
+    }
+ else {
+        process_t *proc = process_get_by_pid(h->pid);
+        if (!proc) { kfree(out); return -1; }
+
+        if (k_strcmp(h->type, "name") == 0 || k_strcmp(h->type, "cmdline") == 0) {
+            k_strcpy(out, proc->name);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        } else if (k_strcmp(h->type, "status") == 0) {
+            k_strcpy(out, "Name: ");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), proc->name);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\nPID: ");
+            char pid_s[16]; k_itoa(proc->pid, pid_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), pid_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\nState: RUNNING\nMemory: ");
+            uint64_t mem_val = proc->used_memory;
+            if (h->pid == 0) {
+                extern MemStats memory_get_stats(void);
+                mem_val = memory_get_stats().used_memory;
+            }
+            char mem_s[32]; k_itoa(mem_val / 1024, mem_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), mem_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " KB\nTicks: ");
+            char tick_s[32]; k_itoa(proc->ticks, tick_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), tick_s);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\nIdle: ");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), proc->is_idle ? "1" : "0");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    int len = k_strlen(out);
+    if (h->offset >= len) { kfree(out); return 0; }
+
+    int to_copy = len - h->offset;
+    if (to_copy > size) to_copy = size;
+
+    k_memcpy(buf, out + h->offset, to_copy);
+    h->offset += to_copy;
+    kfree(out);
+    return to_copy;
+}
+
+int procfs_write(void *fs_private, void *handle, const void *buf, int size) {
+    procfs_handle_t *h = (procfs_handle_t*)handle;
+    if (!h || h->pid == 0xFFFFFFFF) return -1;
+
+    if (k_strcmp(h->type, "signal") == 0) {
+        char cmd[16];
+        int to_copy = size < 15 ? size : 15;
+        k_memcpy(cmd, buf, to_copy);
+        cmd[to_copy] = 0;
+
+        if (k_strcmp(cmd, "9") == 0 || k_strcmp(cmd, "kill") == 0) {
+            process_t *proc = process_get_by_pid(h->pid);
+            if (proc && proc->pid != 0) {
+                process_terminate(proc);
+                return size;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int procfs_readdir(void *fs_private, const char *path, vfs_dirent_t *entries, int max) {
+    if (path[0] == '/') path++;
+
+    if (path[0] == '\0') {
+        int out = 0;
+        k_strcpy(entries[out++].name, "version");
+        entries[out-1].is_directory = 0;
+        k_strcpy(entries[out++].name, "uptime");
+        entries[out-1].is_directory = 0;
+        k_strcpy(entries[out++].name, "cpuinfo");
+        entries[out-1].is_directory = 0;
+        k_strcpy(entries[out++].name, "meminfo");
+        entries[out-1].is_directory = 0;
+        k_strcpy(entries[out++].name, "devices");
+        entries[out-1].is_directory = 0;
+
+        extern process_t processes[];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16 && out < max; i++) {
+            if (processes[i].pid != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+                k_itoa(processes[i].pid, entries[out].name);
+                entries[out].is_directory = 1;
+                entries[out].size = 0;
+                out++;
+            }
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    if (path[0] >= '0' && path[0] <= '9') {
+        int out = 0;
+        k_strcpy(entries[out++].name, "name");
+        k_strcpy(entries[out++].name, "status");
+        k_strcpy(entries[out++].name, "cmdline");
+        k_strcpy(entries[out++].name, "signal");
+        for(int i=0; i<out; i++) entries[i].is_directory = 0;
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool procfs_exists(void *fs_private, const char *path) {
+    if (path[0] == '/') path++;
+    if (path[0] == '\0') return true;
+
+    if (path[0] >= '0' && path[0] <= '9') {
+        char pid_str[16];
+        int i = 0;
+        while (path[i] && path[i] != '/' && i < 15) {
+            pid_str[i] = path[i];
+            i++;
+        }
+        pid_str[i] = 0;
+        uint32_t pid = k_atoi(pid_str);
+        if (process_get_by_pid(pid)) return true;
+    }
+
+    if (k_strcmp(path, "version") == 0 || k_strcmp(path, "uptime") == 0) return true;
+    if (k_strcmp(path, "cpuinfo") == 0 || k_strcmp(path, "meminfo") == 0) return true;
+    if (k_strcmp(path, "devices") == 0) return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool procfs_is_dir(void *fs_private, const char *path) {
+    if (path[0] == '/') path++;
+    if (path[0] == '\0') return true;
+
+    if (path[0] >= '0' && path[0] <= '9') {
+        int i = 0;
+        while (path[i] && path[i] != '/') i++;
+        if (path[i] == '\0') return true; 
+        return false; 
+    }
+
+    return false; 
+}
+
+vfs_fs_ops_t procfs_ops = {
+    .open = procfs_open,
+    .close = procfs_close,
+    .read = procfs_read,
+    .write = procfs_write,
+    .readdir = procfs_readdir,
+    .exists = procfs_exists,
+    .is_dir = procfs_is_dir 
+};
+
+vfs_fs_ops_t* procfs_get_ops(void) {
+    return &procfs_ops;
+}

src/fs/procfs.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef PROCFS_H
+#define PROCFS_H
+
+#include "vfs.h"
+
+vfs_fs_ops_t* procfs_get_ops(void);
+
+#endif

src/fs/sysfs.c

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#include "vfs.h"
+#include "../sys/kernel_subsystem.h"
+#include "memory_manager.h"
+#include "core/kutils.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+    kernel_subsystem_t *sub;
+    subsystem_file_t *file;
+    int offset;
+} sysfs_handle_t;
+
+static void* sysfs_open(void *fs_private, const char *path, const char *mode) {
+    if (path[0] == '/') path++;
+    if (path[0] == '\0') return NULL;
+
+    kernel_subsystem_t *sub = NULL;
+    int last_slash = -1;
+    for (int j = 0; path[j]; j++) if (path[j] == '/') last_slash = j;
+
+    if (last_slash != -1) {
+        char prefix[64];
+        k_memcpy(prefix, path, last_slash);
+        prefix[last_slash] = 0;
+        sub = subsystem_get_by_name(prefix);
+        
+        if (sub) {
+            const char *filename = path + last_slash + 1;
+            for (int j = 0; j < sub->file_count; j++) {
+                if (k_strcmp(sub->files[j].name, filename) == 0) {
+                    sysfs_handle_t *h = (sysfs_handle_t*)kmalloc(sizeof(sysfs_handle_t));
+                    h->sub = sub;
+                    h->file = &sub->files[j];
+                    h->offset = 0;
+                    return h;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void sysfs_close(void *fs_private, void *handle) {
+    if (handle) kfree(handle);
+}
+
+static int sysfs_read(void *fs_private, void *handle, void *buf, int size) {
+    sysfs_handle_t *h = (sysfs_handle_t*)handle;
+    if (!h || !h->file || !h->file->read) return -1;
+
+    int bytes = h->file->read((char*)buf, size, h->offset);
+    if (bytes > 0) h->offset += bytes;
+    return bytes;
+}
+
+static int sysfs_write(void *fs_private, void *handle, const void *buf, int size) {
+    sysfs_handle_t *h = (sysfs_handle_t*)handle;
+    if (!h || !h->file || !h->file->write) return -1;
+
+    int bytes = h->file->write((const char*)buf, size, h->offset);
+    if (bytes > 0) h->offset += bytes;
+    return bytes;
+}
+
+static int sysfs_readdir(void *fs_private, const char *path, vfs_dirent_t *entries, int max) {
+    if (path[0] == '/') path++;
+    
+    kernel_subsystem_t *exact_sub = subsystem_get_by_name(path);
+    int out = 0;
+
+    if (exact_sub) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < exact_sub->file_count && out < max; i++) {
+            k_strcpy(entries[out].name, exact_sub->files[i].name);
+            entries[out].is_directory = 0;
+            entries[out].size = 0;
+            out++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int count = subsystem_get_count();
+    int path_len = k_strlen(path);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < count && out < max; i++) {
+        kernel_subsystem_t *s = subsystem_get_by_index(i);
+        if (path_len == 0 || (k_strlen(s->name) > path_len && k_strncmp(s->name, path, path_len) == 0 && s->name[path_len] == '/')) {
+            const char *sub_path = s->name + (path_len ? path_len + 1 : 0);
+            char comp[64];
+            int j = 0;
+            while (sub_path[j] && sub_path[j] != '/' && j < 63) {
+                comp[j] = sub_path[j];
+                j++;
+            }
+            comp[j] = 0;
+
+            if (comp[0] == '\0') continue;
+
+            bool found = false;
+            for (int k = 0; k < out; k++) {
+                if (k_strcmp(entries[k].name, comp) == 0) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found) {
+                k_strcpy(entries[out].name, comp);
+                entries[out].is_directory = 1;
+                entries[out].size = 0;
+                out++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+static bool sysfs_exists(void *fs_private, const char *path) {
+    if (path[0] == '/') path++;
+    if (path[0] == '\0') return true;
+
+    if (subsystem_get_by_name(path)) return true;
+
+    // File check
+    int last_slash = -1;
+    for (int j = 0; path[j]; j++) if (path[j] == '/') last_slash = j;
+    if (last_slash != -1) {
+        char prefix[64];
+        k_memcpy(prefix, path, last_slash);
+        prefix[last_slash] = 0;
+        kernel_subsystem_t *sub = subsystem_get_by_name(prefix);
+        if (sub) {
+            const char *filename = path + last_slash + 1;
+            for (int j = 0; j < sub->file_count; j++) {
+                if (k_strcmp(sub->files[j].name, filename) == 0) return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    int count = subsystem_get_count();
+    int path_len = k_strlen(path);
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        kernel_subsystem_t *s = subsystem_get_by_index(i);
+        if (k_strlen(s->name) > path_len && k_strncmp(s->name, path, path_len) == 0 && s->name[path_len] == '/') return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool sysfs_is_dir(void *fs_private, const char *path) {
+    if (path[0] == '/') path++;
+    if (path[0] == '\0') return true;
+
+    int last_slash = -1;
+    for (int j = 0; path[j]; j++) if (path[j] == '/') last_slash = j;
+    if (last_slash != -1) {
+        char prefix[64];
+        k_memcpy(prefix, path, last_slash);
+        prefix[last_slash] = 0;
+        kernel_subsystem_t *sub = subsystem_get_by_name(prefix);
+        if (sub) {
+            const char *filename = path + last_slash + 1;
+            for (int j = 0; j < sub->file_count; j++) {
+                if (k_strcmp(sub->files[j].name, filename) == 0) return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sysfs_exists(fs_private, path);
+}
+
+vfs_fs_ops_t sysfs_ops = {
+    .open = sysfs_open,
+    .close = sysfs_close,
+    .read = sysfs_read,
+    .write = sysfs_write,
+    .readdir = sysfs_readdir,
+    .exists = sysfs_exists,
+    .is_dir = sysfs_is_dir
+};
+
+vfs_fs_ops_t* sysfs_get_ops(void) {
+    return &sysfs_ops;
+}

src/fs/sysfs.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef SYSFS_H
+#define SYSFS_H
+
+#include "vfs.h"
+
+vfs_fs_ops_t* sysfs_get_ops(void);
+
+#endif

src/fs/tar.c

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#include "tar.h"
+#include "fat32.h"
+
+// The standard TAR header block is 512 bytes.
+struct tar_header {
+    char filename[100];
+    char mode[8];
+    char uid[8];
+    char gid[8];
+    char size[12];
+    char mtime[12];
+    char chksum[8];
+    char typeflag;
+    char linkname[100];
+    char magic[6];
+    char version[2];
+    char uname[32];
+    char gname[32];
+    char devmajor[8];
+    char devminor[8];
+    char prefix[155];
+    char pad[12];
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+// Helper: parse tar octal field representation
+static uint64_t tar_parse_octal(const char *str, int size) {
+    uint64_t result = 0;
+    while (size-- > 0) {
+        if (*str >= '0' && *str <= '7') {
+            result = (result << 3) + (*str - '0');
+        }
+        str++;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+// Helper: Make directories sequentially for nested paths
+static void tar_mkdir_recursive(const char *path) {
+    char temp[256];
+    int i = 0;
+    if (path[0] == '/') {
+        temp[0] = '/';
+        i = 1;
+    }
+    while (path[i] && i < 255) {
+        temp[i] = path[i];
+        if (path[i] == '/') {
+            temp[i] = '\0';
+            fat32_mkdir(temp);
+            temp[i] = '/';
+        }
+        i++;
+    }
+    if (i > 0 && temp[i - 1] != '/') {
+        temp[i] = '\0';
+        fat32_mkdir(temp);
+    }
+}
+
+void tar_parse(void *archive, uint64_t archive_size) {
+    uint8_t *ptr = (uint8_t *)archive;
+    uint8_t *end = ptr + archive_size;
+
+    while (ptr + 512 <= end) {
+        struct tar_header *header = (struct tar_header *)ptr;
+
+        // End of archive is marked by empty blocks
+        if (header->filename[0] == '\0') {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t file_size = tar_parse_octal(header->size, 11);
+        
+        char full_path[256];
+        // Ensure path starts with a '/' for VFS consistency
+        if (header->filename[0] != '/') {
+            full_path[0] = '/';
+            int j = 0;
+            while (header->filename[j] && j < 254) {
+                full_path[j + 1] = header->filename[j];
+                j++;
+            }
+            full_path[j + 1] = '\0';
+        } else {
+            int j = 0;
+            while (header->filename[j] && j < 255) {
+                full_path[j] = header->filename[j];
+                j++;
+            }
+            full_path[j] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        if (header->typeflag == '5') {
+            // It's a directory
+            tar_mkdir_recursive(full_path);
+        } else if (header->typeflag == '0' || header->typeflag == '\0') {
+            // It's a normal file
+            // First ensure the parent directory exists
+            char parent_path[256];
+            int last_slash = -1;
+            for (int j = 0; full_path[j]; j++) {
+                parent_path[j] = full_path[j];
+                if (full_path[j] == '/') {
+                    last_slash = j;
+                }
+            }
+            if (last_slash > 0) {
+                parent_path[last_slash] = '\0';
+                tar_mkdir_recursive(parent_path);
+            }
+            
+            // Extract the file data block directly into the VFS
+            FAT32_FileHandle *fh = fat32_open(full_path, "w");
+            if (fh && fh->valid) {
+                fat32_write(fh, ptr + 512, file_size);
+                fat32_close(fh);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        // Advance pointer to the next file header
+        // Header block (512) + File data (padded to 512-byte multiples)
+        uint64_t data_blocks = (file_size + 511) / 512;
+        ptr += 512 + (data_blocks * 512);
+    }
+}

src/fs/tar.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#ifndef TAR_H
+#define TAR_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+// Parse a TAR archive located in memory and extract its contents into the current filesystem (fatal32 RAM disk).
+void tar_parse(void *archive, uint64_t archive_size);
+
+#endif

src/fs/vfs.c

@@ -0,0 +1,816 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#include "vfs.h"
+#include "memory_manager.h"
+#include "spinlock.h"
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include "disk.h"
+#include "process.h"
+
+
+static vfs_mount_t mounts[VFS_MAX_MOUNTS];
+static int mount_count = 0;
+static vfs_file_t open_files[VFS_MAX_OPEN_FILES];
+static spinlock_t vfs_lock = SPINLOCK_INIT;
+
+extern void serial_write(const char *str);
+extern void serial_write_num(uint64_t num);
+
+static int vfs_strlen(const char *s) {
+    int n = 0;
+    while (s[n]) n++;
+    return n;
+}
+
+static void vfs_strcpy(char *d, const char *s) {
+    while ((*d++ = *s++));
+}
+
+static int vfs_strcmp(const char *a, const char *b) {
+    while (*a && *a == *b) { a++; b++; }
+    return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+}
+
+static int vfs_strncmp(const char *a, const char *b, int n) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (a[i] != b[i]) return (unsigned char)a[i] - (unsigned char)b[i];
+        if (!a[i]) return 0;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static bool vfs_starts_with(const char *str, const char *prefix) {
+    while (*prefix) {
+        if (*str++ != *prefix++) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool vfs_path_is_parent(const char *parent, const char *child) {
+    int plen = vfs_strlen(parent);
+    if (vfs_strncmp(parent, child, plen) != 0) return false;
+    if (child[plen] == '\0') return true;
+    if (child[plen] == '/') return true;
+    if (plen == 1 && parent[0] == '/') return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+void vfs_normalize_path(const char *cwd, const char *path, char *normalized) {
+    char parts[32][64]; // Reduced size to save stack, 64 is enough for most names
+    int depth = 0;
+    int i = 0;
+
+    // Handle relative path by starting with CWD
+    if (path[0] != '/' && cwd) {
+        int ci = 0;
+        if (cwd[0] == '/') ci = 1;
+        while (cwd[ci]) {
+            if (cwd[ci] == '/') { ci++; continue; }
+            int j = 0;
+            while (cwd[ci] && cwd[ci] != '/' && j < 63) {
+                parts[depth][j++] = cwd[ci++];
+            }
+            parts[depth][j] = 0;
+            if (j > 0) depth++;
+            if (depth >= 32) break;
+            if (cwd[ci] == '/') ci++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (path[0] == '/') i = 1;
+
+    while (path[i]) {
+        if (path[i] == '/') { i++; continue; }
+
+        int j = 0;
+        while (path[i] && path[i] != '/' && j < 63) {
+            parts[depth][j++] = path[i++];
+        }
+        parts[depth][j] = 0;
+
+        if (parts[depth][0] == '.' && parts[depth][1] == 0) {
+            // "." skip
+        } else if (parts[depth][0] == '.' && parts[depth][1] == '.' && parts[depth][2] == 0) {
+            // ".." pop
+            if (depth > 0) depth--;
+        } else {
+            if (j > 0) {
+                depth++;
+                if (depth >= 32) break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (path[i] == '/') i++;
+    }
+
+    normalized[0] = '/';
+    int pos = 1;
+    for (int k = 0; k < depth; k++) {
+        int l = 0;
+        while (parts[k][l] && pos < VFS_MAX_PATH - 2) {
+            normalized[pos++] = parts[k][l++];
+        }
+        if (k < depth - 1) normalized[pos++] = '/';
+    }
+    normalized[pos] = 0;
+
+    if (pos == 1 && normalized[0] == '/') {
+        normalized[1] = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static vfs_mount_t* vfs_resolve_mount(const char *path, const char **rel_path_out) {
+    vfs_mount_t *best = NULL;
+    int best_len = -1;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < mount_count; i++) {
+        if (!mounts[i].active) continue;
+
+        int mlen = mounts[i].path_len;
+
+        if (mlen == 1 && mounts[i].path[0] == '/') {
+            if (best_len < 1) {
+                best = &mounts[i];
+                best_len = 1;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (vfs_strncmp(path, mounts[i].path, mlen) == 0) {
+            if (path[mlen] == '/' || path[mlen] == '\0') {
+                if (mlen > best_len) {
+                    best = &mounts[i];
+                    best_len = mlen;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (best && rel_path_out) {
+        const char *rel = path + best_len;
+        while (*rel == '/') rel++;
+        *rel_path_out = rel;
+    }
+
+    return best;
+}
+
+static vfs_file_t* vfs_alloc_file(void) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < VFS_MAX_OPEN_FILES; i++) {
+        if (!open_files[i].valid) {
+            open_files[i].valid = true;
+            open_files[i].fs_handle = NULL;
+            open_files[i].mount = NULL;
+            open_files[i].position = 0;
+            open_files[i].is_device = false;
+            return &open_files[i];
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void vfs_free_file(vfs_file_t *f) {
+    if (f) {
+        f->valid = false;
+        f->fs_handle = NULL;
+        f->mount = NULL;
+        f->position = 0;
+        f->is_device = false;
+    }
+}
+
+void vfs_init(void) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < VFS_MAX_MOUNTS; i++) {
+        mounts[i].active = false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < VFS_MAX_OPEN_FILES; i++) {
+        open_files[i].valid = false;
+    }
+    mount_count = 0;
+
+    serial_write("[VFS] Virtual File System initialized\n");
+}
+
+// ===============
+// Mount / Unmount
+// ===============
+
+bool vfs_mount(const char *mount_path, const char *device, const char *fs_type,
+               vfs_fs_ops_t *ops, void *fs_private) {
+    uint64_t flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&vfs_lock);
+
+    if (mount_count >= VFS_MAX_MOUNTS) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+        serial_write("[VFS] ERROR: Mount table full\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < mount_count; i++) {
+        if (mounts[i].active && vfs_strcmp(mounts[i].path, mount_path) == 0) {
+            spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+            serial_write("[VFS] ERROR: Mount point already in use: ");
+            serial_write(mount_path);
+            serial_write("\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    vfs_mount_t *m = &mounts[mount_count];
+    vfs_strcpy(m->path, mount_path);
+    m->path_len = vfs_strlen(mount_path);
+    m->ops = ops;
+    m->fs_private = fs_private;
+    vfs_strcpy(m->device, device ? device : "none");
+    vfs_strcpy(m->fs_type, fs_type ? fs_type : "unknown");
+    m->active = true;
+    mount_count++;
+
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+
+    serial_write("[VFS] Mounted ");
+    serial_write(fs_type);
+    serial_write(" (");
+    serial_write(device ? device : "none");
+    serial_write(") at ");
+    serial_write(mount_path);
+    serial_write("\n");
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool vfs_umount(const char *mount_path) {
+    uint64_t flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&vfs_lock);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < mount_count; i++) {
+        if (mounts[i].active && vfs_strcmp(mounts[i].path, mount_path) == 0) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < VFS_MAX_OPEN_FILES; j++) {
+                if (open_files[j].valid && open_files[j].mount == &mounts[i]) {
+                    if (mounts[i].ops->close) {
+                        mounts[i].ops->close(mounts[i].fs_private, open_files[j].fs_handle);
+                    }
+                    vfs_free_file(&open_files[j]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            serial_write("[VFS] Unmounted ");
+            serial_write(mounts[i].path);
+            serial_write("\n");
+
+            mounts[i].active = false;
+
+            // Compact array
+            for (int k = i; k < mount_count - 1; k++) {
+                mounts[k] = mounts[k + 1];
+            }
+            mount_count--;
+
+            spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+    return false;
+}
+
+// ==============
+// File Operations
+// ==============
+
+vfs_file_t* vfs_open(const char *path, const char *mode) {
+    if (!path || !mode) return NULL;
+
+    char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+    process_t *proc = process_get_current();
+    vfs_normalize_path(proc ? proc->cwd : "/", path, normalized);
+
+    uint64_t flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&vfs_lock);
+
+    const char *rel_path = NULL;
+    vfs_mount_t *mount = vfs_resolve_mount(normalized, &rel_path);
+    
+    // Fallback for block devices (/dev/sda etc)
+    if (vfs_starts_with(normalized, "/dev/")) {
+        const char *devname = normalized + 5;
+        Disk *d = disk_get_by_name(devname);
+        if (d && (!mount || mount->path_len == 1)) {
+            vfs_file_t *vf = vfs_alloc_file();
+            if (vf) {
+                vf->mount = &mounts[0];
+                vf->fs_handle = (void*)d; 
+                vf->is_device = true;
+                vf->position = 0;
+                spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+                return vf;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if (!mount || !mount->ops->open) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (!rel_path || rel_path[0] == '\0') {
+        rel_path = "/";
+    }
+
+    vfs_file_t *vf = vfs_alloc_file();
+    if (!vf) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+        serial_write("[VFS] ERROR: No free file handles\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    vf->mount = mount;
+
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+
+    void *fs_handle = mount->ops->open(mount->fs_private, rel_path, mode);
+    if (!fs_handle) {
+        flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&vfs_lock);
+        vfs_free_file(vf);
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    vf->fs_handle = fs_handle;
+    return vf;
+}
+
+void vfs_close(vfs_file_t *file) {
+    if (!file || !file->valid) return;
+
+    vfs_mount_t *mount = file->mount;
+    if (mount && mount->ops->close) {
+        mount->ops->close(mount->fs_private, file->fs_handle);
+    }
+
+    uint64_t flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&vfs_lock);
+    vfs_free_file(file);
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags);
+}
+
+int vfs_read(vfs_file_t *file, void *buf, int size) {
+    if (!file || !file->valid || !file->mount) return -1;
+    
+    if (file->is_device) {
+        Disk *d = (Disk*)file->fs_handle;
+        if (!d) return -1;
+        
+        uint32_t total_read = 0;
+        uint32_t sector = (uint32_t)(file->position / 512);
+        uint32_t offset = (uint32_t)(file->position % 512);
+        uint8_t sector_buf[512];
+        
+        while (total_read < (uint32_t)size) {
+            if (sector >= d->total_sectors) break;
+            if (d->read_sector(d, sector, sector_buf) != 0) break;
+            
+            uint32_t to_copy = 512 - offset;
+            if (to_copy > (uint32_t)size - total_read) to_copy = (uint32_t)size - total_read;
+            
+            extern void mem_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t len);
+            mem_memcpy((uint8_t*)buf + total_read, sector_buf + offset, to_copy);
+            
+            total_read += to_copy;
+            file->position += to_copy;
+            sector++;
+            offset = 0;
+        }
+        return (int)total_read;
+    }
+
+    if (!file->mount->ops->read) return -1;
+    int ret = file->mount->ops->read(file->mount->fs_private, file->fs_handle, buf, size);
+    if (ret > 0) file->position += ret;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int vfs_write(vfs_file_t *file, const void *buf, int size) {
+    if (!file || !file->valid || !file->mount) return -1;
+    if (!file->mount->ops->write) return -1;
+
+    return file->mount->ops->write(file->mount->fs_private, file->fs_handle, buf, size);
+}
+
+int vfs_seek(vfs_file_t *file, int offset, int whence) {
+    if (!file || !file->valid || !file->mount) return -1;
+    
+    if (file->is_device) {
+        Disk *d = (Disk*)file->fs_handle;
+        if (!d) return -1;
+        uint64_t new_pos = file->position;
+        if (whence == 0) new_pos = (uint64_t)offset; // SET
+        else if (whence == 1) new_pos += (uint64_t)offset; // CUR
+        else if (whence == 2) new_pos = (uint64_t)(d->total_sectors * 512 + offset); // END
+        
+        if (new_pos > (uint64_t)d->total_sectors * 512) new_pos = (uint64_t)d->total_sectors * 512;
+        file->position = new_pos;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!file->mount->ops->seek) return -1;
+    int ret = file->mount->ops->seek(file->mount->fs_private, file->fs_handle, offset, whence);
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        // Sync position back from driver if possible
+        if (file->mount->ops->get_position) {
+            file->position = file->mount->ops->get_position(file->fs_handle);
+        } else {
+            // Manual sync if driver doesn't support get_position but seek succeeded
+            if (whence == 0) file->position = offset;
+            else if (whence == 1) file->position += offset;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint32_t vfs_file_position(vfs_file_t *file) {
+    if (!file || !file->valid || !file->mount) return 0;
+    if (file->is_device) return (uint32_t)file->position;
+    if (!file->mount->ops->get_position) return 0;
+    return file->mount->ops->get_position(file->fs_handle);
+}
+
+uint32_t vfs_file_size(vfs_file_t *file) {
+    if (!file || !file->valid || !file->mount) return 0;
+    if (file->is_device) {
+        Disk *d = (Disk*)file->fs_handle;
+        return d ? d->total_sectors * 512 : 0;
+    }
+    if (!file->mount->ops->get_size) return 0;
+    return file->mount->ops->get_size(file->fs_handle);
+}
+
+
+
+int vfs_list_directory(const char *path, vfs_dirent_t *entries, int max) {
+    if (!path || !entries) return -1;
+    
+
+    char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+    vfs_normalize_path("/", path, normalized);
+
+    const char *rel_path = NULL;
+    vfs_mount_t *mount = vfs_resolve_mount(normalized, &rel_path);
+    
+    int count = 0;
+    if (mount && mount->ops->readdir) {
+        if (!rel_path || rel_path[0] == '\0') rel_path = "/";
+        count = mount->ops->readdir(mount->fs_private, rel_path, entries, max);
+        if (count < 0) count = 0; 
+    }
+
+    uint64_t v_flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&vfs_lock);
+    for (int i = 0; i < mount_count; i++) {
+        if (!mounts[i].active) continue;
+        if (vfs_strcmp(mounts[i].path, normalized) == 0) continue; 
+
+        if (vfs_path_is_parent(normalized, mounts[i].path)) {
+            const char *sub = mounts[i].path + vfs_strlen(normalized);
+            if (*sub == '/') sub++; 
+
+            if (*sub != '\0') {
+                char comp[VFS_MAX_NAME];
+                int j = 0;
+                while (sub[j] && sub[j] != '/' && j < VFS_MAX_NAME - 1) {
+                    comp[j] = sub[j];
+                    j++;
+                }
+                comp[j] = 0;
+
+                bool found = false;
+                for (int k = 0; k < count; k++) {
+                    if (vfs_strcmp(entries[k].name, comp) == 0) {
+                        found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!found && count < max) {
+                    vfs_strcpy(entries[count].name, comp);
+                    entries[count].is_directory = 1;
+                    entries[count].size = 0;
+                    entries[count].start_cluster = 0;
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, v_flags);
+
+    // Special case: Ensure "dev", "sys", "proc" are visible in "/"
+    if (vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/") == 0) {
+        const char *virtual_dirs[] = {"dev", "sys", "proc"};
+        for (int v = 0; v < 3; v++) {
+            bool found = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                if (vfs_strcmp(entries[i].name, virtual_dirs[v]) == 0) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found && count < max) {
+                vfs_strcpy(entries[count].name, virtual_dirs[v]);
+                entries[count].is_directory = 1;
+                entries[count].size = 0;
+                entries[count].start_cluster = 0;
+                count++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Special case: /dev listing for block devices
+    if (vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/dev") == 0) {
+        int dcount = disk_get_count();
+        for (int i = 0; i < dcount && count < max; i++) {
+            Disk *d = disk_get_by_index(i);
+            if (d) {
+                bool found = false;
+                for (int k = 0; k < count; k++) {
+                    if (vfs_strcmp(entries[k].name, d->devname) == 0) {
+                        found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!found) {
+                    vfs_strcpy(entries[count].name, d->devname);
+                    entries[count].size = d->total_sectors * 512;
+                    entries[count].is_directory = 0;
+                    entries[count].start_cluster = 0;
+                    entries[count].write_date = 0;
+                    entries[count].write_time = 0;
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return count;
+}
+
+bool vfs_mkdir(const char *path) {
+    if (!path) return false;
+
+    char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+    vfs_normalize_path("/", path, normalized);
+
+    const char *rel_path = NULL;
+    vfs_mount_t *mount = vfs_resolve_mount(normalized, &rel_path);
+
+    if (vfs_starts_with(normalized, "/dev/")) {
+        if (!mount || !rel_path || rel_path[0] == '\0') {
+            return false; 
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!mount || !mount->ops->mkdir) return false;
+    return mount->ops->mkdir(mount->fs_private, rel_path);
+}
+
+bool vfs_rmdir(const char *path) {
+    if (!path) return false;
+
+    char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+    vfs_normalize_path("/", path, normalized);
+
+    if (normalized[0] == '/' && normalized[1] == '\0') return false;
+    if (vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/dev") == 0) return false;
+
+    const char *rel_path = NULL;
+    vfs_mount_t *mount = vfs_resolve_mount(normalized, &rel_path);
+
+    if (vfs_starts_with(normalized, "/dev/")) {
+        if (!mount || !rel_path || rel_path[0] == '\0') {
+            return false; 
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!mount || !mount->ops->rmdir) return false;
+    return mount->ops->rmdir(mount->fs_private, rel_path);
+}
+
+bool vfs_delete(const char *path) {
+    if (!path) return false;
+
+    char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+    vfs_normalize_path("/", path, normalized);
+
+    if (normalized[0] == '/' && normalized[1] == '\0') return false;
+    if (vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/dev") == 0) return false;
+
+    const char *rel_path = NULL;
+    vfs_mount_t *mount = vfs_resolve_mount(normalized, &rel_path);
+
+    if (vfs_starts_with(normalized, "/dev/")) {
+        if (!mount || !rel_path || rel_path[0] == '\0') {
+            return false; 
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!mount || !mount->ops->unlink) return false;
+    return mount->ops->unlink(mount->fs_private, rel_path);
+}
+
+bool vfs_rename(const char *old_path, const char *new_path) {
+    if (!old_path || !new_path) return false;
+
+    char norm_old[VFS_MAX_PATH], norm_new[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+    vfs_normalize_path("/", old_path, norm_old);
+    vfs_normalize_path("/", new_path, norm_new);
+
+    const char *rel_old = NULL, *rel_new = NULL;
+    vfs_mount_t *mount_old = vfs_resolve_mount(norm_old, &rel_old);
+    vfs_mount_t *mount_new = vfs_resolve_mount(norm_new, &rel_new);
+
+    if (!mount_old || mount_old != mount_new) return false;
+    if (!mount_old->ops->rename) return false;
+
+    if (!rel_old || rel_old[0] == '\0') return false;
+    if (!rel_new || rel_new[0] == '\0') return false;
+
+    return mount_old->ops->rename(mount_old->fs_private, rel_old, rel_new);
+}
+
+bool vfs_exists(const char *path) {
+    if (!path) return false;
+
+    char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+    vfs_normalize_path("/", path, normalized);
+
+    if (normalized[0] == '/' && normalized[1] == '\0') return true;
+
+    uint64_t flags_vfs = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&vfs_lock);
+    for (int i = 0; i < mount_count; i++) {
+        if (mounts[i].active && vfs_starts_with(mounts[i].path, normalized)) {
+            spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags_vfs);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags_vfs);
+
+    if (vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/dev") == 0 || 
+        vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/sys") == 0 || 
+        vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/proc") == 0) return true;
+
+    if (vfs_starts_with(normalized, "/dev/")) {
+        const char *dev = normalized + 5;
+        if (disk_get_by_name(dev)) return true;
+    }
+
+    const char *rel_path = NULL;
+    vfs_mount_t *mount = vfs_resolve_mount(normalized, &rel_path);
+    if (!mount || !mount->ops->exists) return false;
+
+    if (!rel_path || rel_path[0] == '\0') return true; 
+
+    return mount->ops->exists(mount->fs_private, rel_path);
+}
+
+bool vfs_is_directory(const char *path) {
+    if (!path) return false;
+
+    char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+    vfs_normalize_path("/", path, normalized);
+
+    if (normalized[0] == '/' && normalized[1] == '\0') return true;
+
+    uint64_t flags_vfs = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&vfs_lock);
+    for (int i = 0; i < mount_count; i++) {
+        if (mounts[i].active && vfs_path_is_parent(normalized, mounts[i].path)) {
+            if (vfs_strcmp(mounts[i].path, normalized) == 0) {
+                spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags_vfs);
+                return true;
+            }
+            // If normalized is a parent of a mount, it's a virtual directory
+            spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags_vfs);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags_vfs);
+
+    if (vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/dev") == 0 || 
+        vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/sys") == 0 || 
+        vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/proc") == 0) return true;
+
+    if (vfs_starts_with(normalized, "/dev/")) {
+        const char *dev = normalized + 5;
+        Disk *d = disk_get_by_name(dev);
+        if (d) return false;
+    }
+
+    const char *rel_path = NULL;
+    vfs_mount_t *mount = vfs_resolve_mount(normalized, &rel_path);
+    if (!mount) return false;
+
+    if (!rel_path || rel_path[0] == '\0') return true;
+
+    if (!mount->ops->is_dir) return false;
+    return mount->ops->is_dir(mount->fs_private, rel_path);
+}
+
+int vfs_get_info(const char *path, vfs_dirent_t *info) {
+    if (!path || !info) return -1;
+
+    char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+    vfs_normalize_path("/", path, normalized);
+
+    if (normalized[0] == '/' && normalized[1] == '\0') {
+        vfs_strcpy(info->name, "/");
+        info->size = 0;
+        info->is_directory = 1;
+        info->start_cluster = 0;
+        info->write_date = 0;
+        info->write_time = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/dev") == 0 || 
+        vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/sys") == 0 || 
+        vfs_strcmp(normalized, "/proc") == 0) {
+        const char *name = normalized + 1;
+        vfs_strcpy(info->name, name);
+        info->size = 0;
+        info->is_directory = 1;
+        info->start_cluster = 0;
+        info->write_date = 0;
+        info->write_time = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t flags_vfs = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&vfs_lock);
+    for (int i = 0; i < mount_count; i++) {
+        if (mounts[i].active && vfs_path_is_parent(normalized, mounts[i].path)) {
+            if (vfs_strcmp(mounts[i].path, normalized) != 0) {
+                const char *p = normalized + vfs_strlen(normalized);
+                while (p > normalized && *(p-1) != '/') p--;
+                vfs_strcpy(info->name, p);
+                info->size = 0;
+                info->is_directory = 1;
+                info->start_cluster = 0;
+                info->write_date = 0;
+                info->write_time = 0;
+                spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags_vfs);
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&vfs_lock, flags_vfs);
+
+    // Device check
+    if (vfs_starts_with(normalized, "/dev/")) {
+        const char *dev = normalized + 5;
+        Disk *d = disk_get_by_name(dev);
+        if (d) {
+            vfs_strcpy(info->name, d->devname);
+            info->size = d->total_sectors * 512;
+            info->is_directory = 0;
+            info->start_cluster = 0;
+            info->write_date = 0;
+            info->write_time = 0;
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const char *rel_path = NULL;
+    vfs_mount_t *mount = vfs_resolve_mount(normalized, &rel_path);
+    if (!mount || !mount->ops->get_info) return -1;
+
+    if (!rel_path || rel_path[0] == '\0') {
+        // Info about mount root
+        vfs_strcpy(info->name, mount->device);
+        info->size = 0;
+        info->is_directory = 1;
+        info->start_cluster = 0;
+        info->write_date = 0;
+        info->write_time = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return mount->ops->get_info(mount->fs_private, rel_path, info);
+}
+
+int vfs_get_mount_count(void) {
+    return mount_count;
+}
+
+vfs_mount_t* vfs_get_mount(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= mount_count) return NULL;
+    if (!mounts[index].active) return NULL;
+    return &mounts[index];
+}
+
+void vfs_automount_partition(const char *devname) {
+    char mount_path[64] = "/mnt/";
+    int i = 5;
+    const char *d = devname;
+    while (*d && i < 62) mount_path[i++] = *d++;
+    mount_path[i] = 0;
+
+    serial_write("[VFS] Auto-mount requested for ");
+    serial_write(devname);
+    serial_write(" at ");
+    serial_write(mount_path);
+    serial_write("\n");
+}

src/fs/vfs.h

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#ifndef VFS_H
+#define VFS_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define VFS_MAX_PATH 1024
+#define VFS_MAX_NAME 256
+#define VFS_MAX_MOUNTS 16
+#define VFS_MAX_OPEN_FILES 64
+
+// Forward declarations
+typedef struct vfs_mount vfs_mount_t;
+typedef struct vfs_file vfs_file_t;
+
+// Directory entry for readdir
+typedef struct vfs_dirent {
+    char name[VFS_MAX_NAME];
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint8_t is_directory;
+    uint32_t start_cluster;
+    uint16_t write_date;
+    uint16_t write_time;
+} vfs_dirent_t;
+
+// Filesystem operations — implemented by each filesystem type
+typedef struct vfs_fs_ops {
+    // File operations — return opaque FS handle
+    void* (*open)(void *fs_private, const char *rel_path, const char *mode);
+    void  (*close)(void *fs_private, void *file_handle);
+    int   (*read)(void *fs_private, void *file_handle, void *buf, int size);
+    int   (*write)(void *fs_private, void *file_handle, const void *buf, int size);
+    int   (*seek)(void *fs_private, void *file_handle, int offset, int whence);
+
+    // Directory operations
+    int   (*readdir)(void *fs_private, const char *rel_path, vfs_dirent_t *entries, int max);
+    bool  (*mkdir)(void *fs_private, const char *rel_path);
+    bool  (*rmdir)(void *fs_private, const char *rel_path);
+    bool  (*unlink)(void *fs_private, const char *rel_path);
+    bool  (*rename)(void *fs_private, const char *old_path, const char *new_path);
+
+    // Query operations
+    bool  (*exists)(void *fs_private, const char *rel_path);
+    bool  (*is_dir)(void *fs_private, const char *rel_path);
+    int   (*get_info)(void *fs_private, const char *rel_path, vfs_dirent_t *info);
+
+    // Handle info (for backward compat with syscall position/size queries)
+    uint32_t (*get_position)(void *file_handle);
+    uint32_t (*get_size)(void *file_handle);
+} vfs_fs_ops_t;
+
+// VFS file handle
+struct vfs_file {
+    void *fs_handle;        // FS-specific handle (e.g. FAT32_FileHandle*)
+    vfs_mount_t *mount;     // Mount this file belongs to
+    bool valid;
+    uint64_t position;      // Current Seek Position (for raw devices/fallbacks)
+    bool is_device;         // Is this a raw device handle?
+};
+
+// Mount entry
+struct vfs_mount {
+    char path[256];         // Mount point (e.g. "/", "/mnt/sda1")
+    int path_len;
+    vfs_fs_ops_t *ops;
+    void *fs_private;       // FS-specific data (e.g. FAT32_Volume*)
+    char device[32];        // Device name (e.g. "ramfs", "sda1")
+    char fs_type[16];       // "ramfs", "fat32"
+    bool active;
+};
+
+// Initialization
+void vfs_init(void);
+
+// Mount/unmount
+bool vfs_mount(const char *mount_path, const char *device, const char *fs_type,
+               vfs_fs_ops_t *ops, void *fs_private);
+bool vfs_umount(const char *mount_path);
+
+// File operations
+vfs_file_t* vfs_open(const char *path, const char *mode);
+void vfs_close(vfs_file_t *file);
+int vfs_read(vfs_file_t *file, void *buf, int size);
+int vfs_write(vfs_file_t *file, const void *buf, int size);
+int vfs_seek(vfs_file_t *file, int offset, int whence);
+
+// Directory operations
+int vfs_list_directory(const char *path, vfs_dirent_t *entries, int max);
+bool vfs_mkdir(const char *path);
+bool vfs_rmdir(const char *path);
+bool vfs_delete(const char *path);
+bool vfs_rename(const char *old_path, const char *new_path);
+
+// Query operations
+bool vfs_exists(const char *path);
+bool vfs_is_directory(const char *path);
+int vfs_get_info(const char *path, vfs_dirent_t *info);
+
+// Mount enumeration
+int vfs_get_mount_count(void);
+vfs_mount_t* vfs_get_mount(int index);
+
+// Block device auto-mount
+void vfs_automount_partition(const char *devname);
+
+// Path utilities
+void vfs_normalize_path(const char *cwd, const char *path, char *normalized);
+
+// Backward compat: get position/size from vfs_file
+uint32_t vfs_file_position(vfs_file_t *file);
+uint32_t vfs_file_size(vfs_file_t *file);
+
+#endif

src/mem/memory_manager.c

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include "limine.h"
 #include "platform.h"
+#include "spinlock.h"
 
 // --- Internal State ---
 // memory_pool is no longer a single pointer, as we now manage multiple regions.
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ static size_t total_allocated = 0;
 static size_t peak_allocated = 0;
 static uint32_t allocation_counter = 0;
 static bool initialized = false;
+static spinlock_t mm_lock = SPINLOCK_INIT;
 
 extern void serial_write(const char *str);
 extern void serial_write_num(uint32_t n);
@@ -174,8 +176,7 @@ static void remove_block_at(int idx) {
 void* kmalloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment) {
     if (!initialized || size == 0) return NULL;
     
-    uint64_t rflags;
+    uint64_t rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&mm_lock);
-    asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
 
     if (alignment == 0) alignment = 8;
     size = (size + 7) & ~7ULL; // Ensure size is multiple of 8
@@ -245,12 +246,12 @@ void* kmalloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment) {
             if (total_allocated > peak_allocated) peak_allocated = total_allocated;
 
             mem_memset(ptr, 0, size);
-            asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+            spinlock_release_irqrestore(&mm_lock, rflags);
             return ptr;
         }
     }
 
-    asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&mm_lock, rflags);
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -261,8 +262,7 @@ void* kmalloc(size_t size) {
 void kfree(void *ptr) {
     if (ptr == NULL || !initialized) return;
     
-    uint64_t rflags;
+    uint64_t rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&mm_lock);
-    asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
 
     int block_idx = -1;
     for (int i = 0; i < block_count; i++) {
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ void kfree(void *ptr) {
     }
 
     if (block_idx == -1) {
-        asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&mm_lock, rflags);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ void kfree(void *ptr) {
         }
     }
 
-    asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&mm_lock, rflags);
 }
 
 void* krealloc(void *ptr, size_t new_size) {

src/net/network.c

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ int network_tcp_connect(const ipv4_address_t *ip, uint16_t port) {
     
     uint32_t start = sys_now();
     asm volatile("sti");
-    while (sys_now() - start < 5000) { // 5 second timeout
+    while (sys_now() - start < 15000) { // 15 second timeout
         network_poll_internal();
         if (tcp_connect_done) { asm volatile("cli"); network_processing = 0; return 0; }
         if (tcp_connect_error) { asm volatile("cli"); network_processing = 0; return -1; }
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ int network_tcp_recv(void *buf, size_t max_len) {
         if (tcp_closed) { network_processing = 0; return 0; } // End of stream
         uint32_t start = sys_now();
         asm volatile("sti");
-        while (sys_now() - start < 5000) { // 5 second timeout
+        while (sys_now() - start < 30000) { // 30 second timeout
             network_poll_internal();
             if (tcp_recv_queue) break;
             if (tcp_closed) break;
@@ -281,7 +281,10 @@ int network_tcp_recv_nb(void *buf, size_t max_len) {
     if (network_processing) return -1;
     network_processing = 1;
 
+    network_poll_internal();
+
     if (!tcp_recv_queue) {
+        if (tcp_closed) { network_processing = 0; return -2; }
         network_processing = 0;
         return 0;
     }

src/sys/gdt.c

@@ -14,11 +14,19 @@ static void *gdt_memset(void *s, int c, size_t n) {
     return s;
 }
 
-#define GDT_ENTRIES 7
+// Base GDT: 5 segments + 1 TSS (2 entries) = 7 entries for BSP.
+// For SMP: we add 2 entries per additional CPU for their TSS.
+// Max supported: 32 CPUs → 5 + 2*32 = 69 entries max.
+#define GDT_BASE_ENTRIES 5    // NULL, KCode, KData, UData, UCode
+#define GDT_MAX_ENTRIES 69    // 5 + 2*32
 
-struct gdt_entry gdt[GDT_ENTRIES];
+struct gdt_entry gdt[GDT_MAX_ENTRIES];
 struct gdt_ptr gdtr;
-struct tss_entry tss;
+struct tss_entry tss;  // BSP TSS (CPU 0)
+
+// Per-CPU TSS array (dynamically allocated for AP cores)
+static struct tss_entry *ap_tss_array = NULL;
+static uint32_t ap_tss_count = 0;
 
 extern void gdt_flush(uint64_t);
 extern void tss_flush(void);
@@ -35,8 +43,8 @@ static void gdt_set_gate(int num, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access,
     gdt[num].access = access;
 }
 
-static void gdt_set_tss_gate(int num, uint64_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t gran) {
+// Write a 16-byte TSS descriptor into GDT entries [num] and [num+1]
-    // A TSS entry in x86_64 is 16 bytes (takes up 2 adjacent GDT entries)
+static void gdt_set_tss_gate_at(int num, uint64_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t gran) {
     struct {
         uint16_t limit_low;
         uint16_t base_low;
@@ -65,44 +73,98 @@ void tss_set_stack(uint64_t kernel_stack) {
     tss.rsp0 = kernel_stack;
 }
 
+void tss_set_stack_cpu(uint32_t cpu_id, uint64_t kernel_stack) {
+    if (cpu_id == 0) {
+        tss.rsp0 = kernel_stack;
+    } else if (ap_tss_array && cpu_id - 1 < ap_tss_count) {
+        ap_tss_array[cpu_id - 1].rsp0 = kernel_stack;
+    }
+}
+
 void gdt_init(void) {
-    gdtr.limit = (sizeof(struct gdt_entry) * GDT_ENTRIES) - 1;
+    // Start with 7 entries (5 segments + BSP TSS taking 2)
+    gdtr.limit = (sizeof(struct gdt_entry) * 7) - 1;
     gdtr.base = (uint64_t)&gdt;
 
     // NULL segment
     gdt_set_gate(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
 
     // Kernel Code segment (Ring 0, 64-bit)
-    // 0x9A: Present(1), Ring(0), System(1), Executable(1), DirConforming(0), Readable(1), Accessed(0)
-    // 0xAF: Long Mode (64-bit) (L=1, DB=0)
     gdt_set_gate(1, 0, 0, 0x9A, 0xAF);
 
     // Kernel Data segment (Ring 0)
-    // 0x92: Present(1), Ring(0), System(1), Executable(0), DirExpandDown(0), Writable(1), Accessed(0)
     gdt_set_gate(2, 0, 0, 0x92, 0xAF);
 
     // User Data segment (Ring 3)
-    // 0xF2: Present(1), Ring(3), System(1), Executable(0), DirExpandDown(0), Writable(1), Accessed(0)
     gdt_set_gate(3, 0, 0, 0xF2, 0xAF);
 
     // User Code segment (Ring 3, 64-bit)
-    // 0xFA: Present(1), Ring(3), System(1), Executable(1), DirConforming(0), Readable(1), Accessed(0)
-    // 0xAF: Long Mode (64-bit)
     gdt_set_gate(4, 0, 0, 0xFA, 0xAF);
 
-    // TSS segment (takes entries 5 and 6 technically because it's 16 bytes)
+    // BSP TSS segment (entries 5 and 6)
     gdt_memset(&tss, 0, sizeof(struct tss_entry));
     tss.iopb_offset = sizeof(struct tss_entry);
     
-    // Allocate a default Ring 0 interrupt stack in case an interrupt fires early or 
-    // the scheduler hasn't set one up yet for a task.
     void* initial_tss_stack = kmalloc_aligned(4096, 4096);
     if (initial_tss_stack) {
         tss.rsp0 = (uint64_t)initial_tss_stack + 4096;
     }
     
-    gdt_set_tss_gate(5, (uint64_t)&tss, sizeof(struct tss_entry) - 1, 0x89, 0x00);
+    gdt_set_tss_gate_at(5, (uint64_t)&tss, sizeof(struct tss_entry) - 1, 0x89, 0x00);
 
     gdt_flush((uint64_t)&gdtr);
     tss_flush();
 }
+
+// SMP: Add TSS entries for all AP cores and reload the GDT.
+void gdt_init_ap_tss(uint32_t cpu_count) {
+    if (cpu_count <= 1) return; // No APs
+
+    uint32_t ap_count = cpu_count - 1;
+    ap_tss_count = ap_count;
+
+    // Allocate per-CPU TSS structures
+    ap_tss_array = (struct tss_entry *)kmalloc(ap_count * sizeof(struct tss_entry));
+    if (!ap_tss_array) return;
+    gdt_memset(ap_tss_array, 0, ap_count * sizeof(struct tss_entry));
+
+    // Each AP TSS goes at GDT slot 7 + (i*2) (since slot 5-6 is BSP TSS)
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ap_count; i++) {
+        int gdt_slot = 7 + (i * 2);
+        if (gdt_slot + 1 >= GDT_MAX_ENTRIES) break;
+
+        ap_tss_array[i].iopb_offset = sizeof(struct tss_entry);
+
+        // Allocate a kernel stack for this AP's interrupt handling
+        void *ap_int_stack = kmalloc_aligned(8192, 4096);
+        if (ap_int_stack) {
+            ap_tss_array[i].rsp0 = (uint64_t)ap_int_stack + 8192;
+        }
+
+        gdt_set_tss_gate_at(gdt_slot, (uint64_t)&ap_tss_array[i],
+                            sizeof(struct tss_entry) - 1, 0x89, 0x00);
+    }
+
+    // Update GDT limit to include all new entries
+    uint32_t total_entries = 7 + (ap_count * 2);
+    if (total_entries > GDT_MAX_ENTRIES) total_entries = GDT_MAX_ENTRIES;
+    gdtr.limit = (sizeof(struct gdt_entry) * total_entries) - 1;
+
+    // Reload GDTR on BSP with the expanded limit.
+    // We must NOT call tss_flush() here — the BSP TSS is already loaded
+    // and marked "busy" (0x8B). Trying to LTR a busy TSS causes GPF.
+    asm volatile("lgdt %0" : : "m"(gdtr));
+}
+
+// SMP: Load the TSS for a specific AP. Called from ap_entry().
+void gdt_load_ap_tss(uint32_t cpu_id) {
+    if (cpu_id == 0) {
+        // BSP uses slot 5 → selector 0x28
+        asm volatile("mov $0x28, %%ax; ltr %%ax" ::: "ax");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // AP cpu_id maps to GDT slot 7 + ((cpu_id-1) * 2)
+    uint16_t selector = (uint16_t)((7 + ((cpu_id - 1) * 2)) * sizeof(struct gdt_entry));
+    asm volatile("ltr %0" : : "r"(selector));
+}

src/sys/gdt.h

@@ -48,4 +48,11 @@ struct gdt_ptr {
 void gdt_init(void);
 void tss_set_stack(uint64_t kernel_stack);
 
+// SMP: Initialize per-CPU TSS entries. Call after smp detects cpu_count.
+void gdt_init_ap_tss(uint32_t cpu_count);
+// SMP: Load the TSS for a specific CPU (called from AP entry).
+void gdt_load_ap_tss(uint32_t cpu_id);
+// SMP: Set kernel stack for a specific CPU's TSS.
+void tss_set_stack_cpu(uint32_t cpu_id, uint64_t kernel_stack);
+
 #endif

src/sys/idt.c

@@ -59,7 +59,17 @@ uint64_t exception_handler_c(registers_t *regs) {
     serial_write(buf);
     
     if ((regs->cs & 0x3) != 0) {
-        serial_write("\nUSER MODE EXCEPTION - Terminating process.\n");
+        serial_write("\n*** USER MODE EXCEPTION ***\nVector: 0x");
+        k_itoa_hex(vector, buf);
+        serial_write(buf);
+        serial_write("\nRIP: 0x");
+        k_itoa_hex(regs->rip, buf);
+        serial_write(buf);
+        serial_write("\nError Code: 0x");
+        k_itoa_hex(regs->err_code, buf);
+        serial_write(buf);
+        serial_write("\nTerminating process.\n");
+        
         if (cmd_get_cursor_col() != 0) cmd_write("\n");
         cmd_write("*** USER EXCEPTION ***\nVector: "); cmd_write_hex(vector);
         cmd_write("\nRIP: "); cmd_write_hex(regs->rip);
@@ -230,6 +240,13 @@ void idt_register_interrupts(void) {
     idt_set_gate(30, exc30_wrapper, cs, 0x8E);
     idt_set_gate(31, exc31_wrapper, cs, 0x8E);
 
+    // SMP: Scheduling IPI for AP cores (vector 0x41 = 65)
+    extern void isr_sched_ipi_wrapper(void);
+    idt_set_gate(0x41, isr_sched_ipi_wrapper, cs, 0x8E);
+
+    // Syscall Handler (vector 128) - DPL 3 for user access
+    extern void isr128_wrapper(void);
+    idt_set_gate(128, isr128_wrapper, cs, 0xEE);
 }
 
 void idt_load(void) {

src/sys/kernel_subsystem.c

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "kernel_subsystem.h"
+#include "memory_manager.h"
+#include "spinlock.h"
+
+static kernel_subsystem_t subsystems[MAX_SUBSYSTEMS];
+static int subsystem_count = 0;
+static spinlock_t sub_lock = SPINLOCK_INIT;
+
+extern void mem_memset(void *dest, int val, size_t len);
+extern void mem_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t len);
+
+static void sub_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
+    while (*src) *dest++ = *src++;
+    *dest = 0;
+}
+
+static int sub_strcmp(const char *a, const char *b) {
+    while (*a && *a == *b) { a++; b++; }
+    return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+}
+
+void subsystem_register(const char *name, kernel_subsystem_t **out_sub) {
+    uint64_t flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&sub_lock);
+    
+    if (subsystem_count >= MAX_SUBSYSTEMS) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&sub_lock, flags);
+        if (out_sub) *out_sub = NULL;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Check if already exists
+    for (int i = 0; i < subsystem_count; i++) {
+        if (sub_strcmp(subsystems[i].name, name) == 0) {
+            spinlock_release_irqrestore(&sub_lock, flags);
+            if (out_sub) *out_sub = &subsystems[i];
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    kernel_subsystem_t *s = &subsystems[subsystem_count++];
+    mem_memset(s, 0, sizeof(kernel_subsystem_t));
+    sub_strcpy(s->name, name);
+    
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&sub_lock, flags);
+    if (out_sub) *out_sub = s;
+}
+
+void subsystem_add_file(kernel_subsystem_t *sub, const char *name, 
+                        int (*read)(char*, int, int), 
+                        int (*write)(const char*, int, int)) {
+    if (!sub || sub->file_count >= MAX_SUBSYSTEM_FILES) return;
+    
+    subsystem_file_t *f = &sub->files[sub->file_count++];
+    sub_strcpy(f->name, name);
+    f->read = read;
+    f->write = write;
+}
+
+kernel_subsystem_t* subsystem_get_by_name(const char *name) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < subsystem_count; i++) {
+        if (sub_strcmp(subsystems[i].name, name) == 0) return &subsystems[i];
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+int subsystem_get_count(void) {
+    return subsystem_count;
+}
+
+kernel_subsystem_t* subsystem_get_by_index(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= subsystem_count) return NULL;
+    return &subsystems[index];
+}

src/sys/kernel_subsystem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef KERNEL_SUBSYSTEM_H
+#define KERNEL_SUBSYSTEM_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define MAX_SUBSYSTEMS 16
+#define MAX_SUBSYSTEM_FILES 32
+
+typedef struct {
+    char name[64];
+    int (*read)(char *buffer, int size, int offset);
+    int (*write)(const char *buffer, int size, int offset);
+} subsystem_file_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    char name[64];
+    subsystem_file_t files[MAX_SUBSYSTEM_FILES];
+    int file_count;
+} kernel_subsystem_t;
+
+void subsystem_register(const char *name, kernel_subsystem_t **out_sub);
+void subsystem_add_file(kernel_subsystem_t *sub, const char *name, 
+                        int (*read)(char*, int, int), 
+                        int (*write)(const char*, int, int));
+
+kernel_subsystem_t* subsystem_get_by_name(const char *name);
+int subsystem_get_count(void);
+kernel_subsystem_t* subsystem_get_by_index(int index);
+
+#endif

src/sys/lapic.c

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#include "lapic.h"
+#include "platform.h"
+
+extern void serial_write(const char *str);
+
+// LAPIC is at physical 0xFEE00000. Access via HHDM.
+static volatile uint32_t *lapic_base = 0;
+
+// LAPIC register offsets (byte offsets, divided by 4 for uint32_t* indexing)
+#define LAPIC_ID        (0x020 / 4)
+#define LAPIC_EOI       (0x0B0 / 4)
+#define LAPIC_SVR       (0x0F0 / 4)
+#define LAPIC_ICR_LOW   (0x300 / 4)
+#define LAPIC_ICR_HIGH  (0x310 / 4)
+
+void lapic_enable(void) {
+    if (!lapic_base) return;
+    // Enable the LAPIC by setting the Spurious Interrupt Vector Register
+    // Bit 8 = APIC Software Enable, vector = 0xFF (spurious)
+    lapic_base[LAPIC_SVR] = 0x1FF;
+}
+
+void lapic_init(void) {
+    extern uint64_t hhdm_offset;
+    lapic_base = (volatile uint32_t *)(hhdm_offset + 0xFEE00000ULL);
+    
+    lapic_enable();
+    serial_write("[LAPIC] Initialized at HHDM + 0xFEE00000\n");
+}
+
+void lapic_eoi(void) {
+    if (lapic_base) {
+        lapic_base[LAPIC_EOI] = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void lapic_send_ipi_all(void) {
+    if (!lapic_base) return;
+    
+    // Send IPI to all excluding self
+    // ICR format: 
+    //   bits 7:0   = vector (IPI_SCHED_VECTOR = 0x41)
+    //   bits 10:8  = delivery mode (000 = Fixed)
+    //   bit 11     = destination mode (0 = Physical)
+    //   bit 14     = level (1 = Assert)
+    //   bits 19:18 = destination shorthand (11 = All Excluding Self)
+    uint32_t icr_low = IPI_SCHED_VECTOR | (0b11 << 18) | (1 << 14);
+    
+    // Writing ICR_LOW triggers the IPI send
+    lapic_base[LAPIC_ICR_LOW] = icr_low;
+}

src/sys/lapic.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#ifndef LAPIC_H
+#define LAPIC_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// IPI vector used for scheduling on APs
+#define IPI_SCHED_VECTOR 0x41
+
+// Initialize LAPIC access (maps registers via HHDM)
+void lapic_init(void);
+
+// Enable LAPIC (set SVR bit 8)
+void lapic_enable(void);
+
+// Send End-of-Interrupt to the local APIC
+void lapic_eoi(void);
+
+// Send a scheduling IPI to all APs (excludes self)
+void lapic_send_ipi_all(void);
+
+#endif

src/sys/module_manager.c

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "module_manager.h"
+#include "memory_manager.h"
+
+#define MAX_MODULES 32
+static kernel_module_t modules[MAX_MODULES];
+static int module_count = 0;
+
+static void mod_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
+    while (*src) *dest++ = *src++;
+    *dest = 0;
+}
+
+void module_manager_register(const char *name, uint64_t addr, uint64_t size) {
+    if (module_count >= MAX_MODULES) return;
+    
+    kernel_module_t *m = &modules[module_count++];
+    mod_strcpy(m->name, name);
+    m->address = addr;
+    m->size = size;
+}
+
+int module_manager_get_count(void) {
+    return module_count;
+}
+
+kernel_module_t* module_manager_get_index(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= module_count) return NULL;
+    return &modules[index];
+}

src/sys/module_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef MODULE_MANAGER_H
+#define MODULE_MANAGER_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+    char name[64];
+    uint64_t address;
+    uint64_t size;
+} kernel_module_t;
+
+void module_manager_register(const char *name, uint64_t addr, uint64_t size);
+int module_manager_get_count(void);
+kernel_module_t* module_manager_get_index(int index);
+
+#endif

src/sys/process.c

@@ -10,16 +10,22 @@
 #include "memory_manager.h"
 #include "elf.h"
 #include "wm.h"
+#include "spinlock.h"
+#include "smp.h"
+#include "lapic.h"
 
 extern void cmd_write(const char *str);
 extern void serial_write(const char *str);
 
 #define MAX_PROCESSES 16
+#define MAX_CPUS_SCHED 32
 process_t processes[MAX_PROCESSES] __attribute__((aligned(16)));
-int process_count = 0;
+static process_t* current_process[MAX_CPUS_SCHED] = {0}; // Per-CPU
-static process_t* current_process = NULL;
 static uint32_t next_pid = 0;
-static void *free_kernel_stack_later = NULL;
+static void *free_kernel_stack_later[MAX_CPUS_SCHED] = {0};
+static uint64_t free_pml4_later[MAX_CPUS_SCHED] = {0};
+static spinlock_t runqueue_lock = SPINLOCK_INIT;
+static uint32_t next_cpu_assign = 1; 
 
 void process_init(void) {
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PROCESSES; i++) {
@@ -27,9 +33,10 @@ void process_init(void) {
     }
 
     // Current kernel execution is PID 0
-    process_t *kernel_proc = &processes[process_count++];
+    process_t *kernel_proc = &processes[0];
     kernel_proc->pid = next_pid++;
     kernel_proc->is_user = false;
+    kernel_proc->is_idle = true;
     
     // We don't have its RSP or PML4 yet, but it's already running.
     // The timer interrupt will naturally capture its context on the first tick!
@@ -47,16 +54,40 @@ void process_init(void) {
     kernel_proc->used_memory = 32768; // Kernel stack
 
     kernel_proc->next = kernel_proc; // Circular linked list
-    current_process = kernel_proc;
+    kernel_proc->cpu_affinity = 0;   // Kernel always on BSP
+    mem_memset(kernel_proc->cwd, 0, 1024);
+    kernel_proc->cwd[0] = '/';
+    current_process[0] = kernel_proc;
 }
 
-void process_create(void* entry_point, bool is_user) {
+process_t* process_create(void (*entry_point)(void), bool is_user) {
-    if (process_count >= MAX_PROCESSES) return;
+    uint64_t rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&runqueue_lock);
+    
+    process_t *new_proc = NULL;
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PROCESSES; i++) {
+        if (processes[i].pid == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+            new_proc = &processes[i];
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!new_proc) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     
-    process_t *new_proc = &processes[process_count++];
     new_proc->pid = next_pid++;
     new_proc->is_user = is_user;
     
+    process_t *parent = process_get_current();
+    if (parent) {
+        extern void mem_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t len);
+        mem_memcpy(new_proc->cwd, parent->cwd, 1024);
+    } else {
+        mem_memset(new_proc->cwd, 0, 1024);
+        new_proc->cwd[0] = '/';
+    }
+    
     // 1. Setup Page Table
     if (is_user) {
         new_proc->pml4_phys = paging_create_user_pml4_phys();
@@ -64,7 +95,10 @@ void process_create(void* entry_point, bool is_user) {
         new_proc->pml4_phys = paging_get_pml4_phys();
     }
     
-    if (!new_proc->pml4_phys) return;
+    if (!new_proc->pml4_phys) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     
     // 2. Allocate aligned stack
     void* user_stack = kmalloc_aligned(4096, 4096);
@@ -131,30 +165,36 @@ void process_create(void* entry_point, bool is_user) {
     asm volatile("fninit");
     new_proc->fpu_initialized = true;
     
-    // Add to linked list (Critical Section)
+    new_proc->cpu_affinity = 0; // Non-ELF processes stay on BSP
-    uint64_t rflags;
+    
-    asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
+    // Add to linked list
-    new_proc->next = current_process->next;
+    new_proc->next = current_process[0]->next;
-    current_process->next = new_proc;
+    current_process[0]->next = new_proc;
-    asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+    
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
+    return new_proc;
 }
 
 process_t* process_create_elf(const char* filepath, const char* args_str) {
+    uint64_t rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&runqueue_lock);
     process_t *new_proc = NULL;
     
     // Find an available slot
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PROCESSES; i++) {
-        if (processes[i].pid == 0xFFFFFFFF || i >= process_count) {
+        if (processes[i].pid == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
             new_proc = &processes[i];
-            if (i >= process_count) process_count = i + 1;
             break;
         }
     }
 
-    if (!new_proc) return NULL;
+    if (!new_proc) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     
     new_proc->pid = next_pid++;
     new_proc->is_user = true;
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
     
     // 1. Setup Page Table
     new_proc->pml4_phys = paging_create_user_pml4_phys();
@@ -315,12 +355,21 @@ process_t* process_create_elf(const char* filepath, const char* args_str) {
     asm volatile("fninit");
     new_proc->fpu_initialized = true;
 
+    // Assign to an AP core via round-robin (if SMP is active)
+    uint32_t cpu_count = smp_cpu_count();
+    if (cpu_count > 1) {
+        new_proc->cpu_affinity = next_cpu_assign;
+        next_cpu_assign++;
+        if (next_cpu_assign >= cpu_count) next_cpu_assign = 1; // Wrap, skip CPU 0
+    } else {
+        new_proc->cpu_affinity = 0;
+    }
+
     // Add to linked list (Critical Section)
-    uint64_t rflags;
+    rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&runqueue_lock);
-    asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
+    new_proc->next = current_process[0]->next;
-    new_proc->next = current_process->next;
+    current_process[0]->next = new_proc;
-    current_process->next = new_proc;
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
-    asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
     
     serial_write("[PROCESS] Spawned ELF Executable: ");
     serial_write(filepath);
@@ -328,51 +377,117 @@ process_t* process_create_elf(const char* filepath, const char* args_str) {
     return new_proc;
 }
 
+process_t* process_get_current_for_cpu(uint32_t cpu_id) {
+    if (cpu_id >= MAX_CPUS_SCHED) return NULL;
+    return current_process[cpu_id];
+}
+
+void process_set_current_for_cpu(uint32_t cpu_id, process_t* p) {
+    if (cpu_id >= MAX_CPUS_SCHED) return;
+    current_process[cpu_id] = p;
+}
+
 process_t* process_get_current(void) {
-    return current_process;
+    uint32_t cpu = smp_this_cpu_id();
+    return current_process[cpu];
 }
 
 uint64_t process_schedule(uint64_t current_rsp) {
-    if (free_kernel_stack_later) {
+    uint32_t my_cpu = smp_this_cpu_id();
-        kfree(free_kernel_stack_later);
+    uint64_t rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&runqueue_lock);
-        free_kernel_stack_later = NULL;
+
+    void *cleanup_stack = NULL;
+    uint64_t cleanup_pml4 = 0;
+
+    if (free_kernel_stack_later[my_cpu]) {
+        cleanup_stack = free_kernel_stack_later[my_cpu];
+        free_kernel_stack_later[my_cpu] = NULL;
+    }
+    if (free_pml4_later[my_cpu]) {
+        cleanup_pml4 = free_pml4_later[my_cpu];
+        free_pml4_later[my_cpu] = 0;
+    }
+
+    process_t *cur = current_process[my_cpu];
+    
+    if (!cur || !cur->next || cur == cur->next) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
+
+        // Perform cleanup outside the lock
+        if (cleanup_stack) kfree(cleanup_stack);
+        if (cleanup_pml4) {
+            extern void paging_destroy_user_pml4_phys(uint64_t pml4_phys);
+            paging_destroy_user_pml4_phys(cleanup_pml4);
         }
 
-    if (!current_process || !current_process->next || current_process == current_process->next) 
         return current_rsp;
+    }
         
     // Save context
-    current_process->rsp = current_rsp;
+    cur->rsp = current_rsp;
 
-    // Switch to next ready process
+    // Switch to next ready process assigned to this CPU
     extern uint32_t wm_get_ticks(void);
     uint32_t now = wm_get_ticks();
     
-    process_t *start = current_process;
+    process_t *start = cur;
-    process_t *next_proc = current_process->next;
+    process_t *next_proc = cur->next;
     
     while (next_proc != start) {
+        // Only consider processes assigned to our CPU and not terminated
+        if (next_proc->cpu_affinity == my_cpu && next_proc->pid != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
             if (next_proc->pid == 0 || next_proc->sleep_until == 0 || next_proc->sleep_until <= now) {
                 break;
             }
+        }
         next_proc = next_proc->next;
     }
     
-    current_process = next_proc;
+    if (next_proc->cpu_affinity != my_cpu || next_proc->pid == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        if (cur && cur->pid == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PROCESSES; i++) {
+                if (processes[i].pid == 0 || (processes[i].cpu_affinity == my_cpu && processes[i].is_user == false)) {
+                    next_proc = &processes[i];
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
 
-    // Update Kernel Stack for User Mode interrupts and System Calls
+            if (cleanup_stack) kfree(cleanup_stack);
-    if (current_process->is_user && current_process->kernel_stack) {
+            if (cleanup_pml4) {
-        tss_set_stack(current_process->kernel_stack);
+                extern void paging_destroy_user_pml4_phys(uint64_t pml4_phys);
-        extern uint64_t kernel_syscall_stack;
+                paging_destroy_user_pml4_phys(cleanup_pml4);
-        kernel_syscall_stack = current_process->kernel_stack;
+            }
+
+            return current_rsp;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    current_process[my_cpu] = next_proc;
+    
+    if (current_process[my_cpu]->is_user && current_process[my_cpu]->kernel_stack) {
+        tss_set_stack_cpu(my_cpu, current_process[my_cpu]->kernel_stack);
+        cpu_state_t *cpu_state = smp_get_cpu(my_cpu);
+        if (cpu_state) {
+            cpu_state->kernel_syscall_stack = current_process[my_cpu]->kernel_stack;
+        }
     }
     
     // Switch page table
-    paging_switch_directory(current_process->pml4_phys);
+    paging_switch_directory(current_process[my_cpu]->pml4_phys);
     
-    current_process->ticks++;
+    current_process[my_cpu]->ticks++;
+    uint64_t next_rsp = current_process[my_cpu]->rsp;
 
-    return current_process->rsp;
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
+    if (cleanup_stack) kfree(cleanup_stack);
+    if (cleanup_pml4) {
+        extern void paging_destroy_user_pml4_phys(uint64_t pml4_phys);
+        paging_destroy_user_pml4_phys(cleanup_pml4);
+    }
+
+    return next_rsp;
 }
 
 process_t* process_get_by_pid(uint32_t pid) {
@@ -403,6 +518,9 @@ static void process_cleanup_inner(process_t *proc) {
     extern void cmd_process_finished(void);
     cmd_process_finished();
     
+    extern void network_cleanup(void);
+    network_cleanup();
+    
     extern void network_cleanup_pcb(void *pcb);
     // TODO: We need per-process PCB tracking to call this safely
     // For now, let's NOT call global network_cleanup
@@ -411,8 +529,7 @@ static void process_cleanup_inner(process_t *proc) {
 void process_terminate(process_t *to_delete) {
     if (!to_delete || to_delete->pid == 0xFFFFFFFF || to_delete->pid == 0) return;
 
-    uint64_t rflags;
+    uint64_t rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&runqueue_lock);
-    asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
 
     process_cleanup_inner(to_delete);
 
@@ -424,31 +541,40 @@ void process_terminate(process_t *to_delete) {
 
     if (prev == to_delete) {
         // Only one process (should be kernel), cannot terminate.
-        asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
         return;
     }
 
     // 3. Remove current from list
     prev->next = to_delete->next;
     
-    if (to_delete == current_process) {
+    // Update per-CPU current_process if this was the current on any CPU
-        current_process = to_delete->next;
+    uint32_t cpu_count = smp_cpu_count();
-        // WARNING: If this was called as a regular function and not via a task switch,
+    for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cpu_count && c < MAX_CPUS_SCHED; c++) {
-        // the stack might be in a weird state. But usually we call this via window manager
+        if (current_process[c] == to_delete) {
-        // or other external triggers.
+            process_t *np = to_delete->next;
+            while (np != to_delete) {
+                if (np->cpu_affinity == c && np->pid != 0xFFFFFFFF) break;
+                np = np->next;
+            }
+            if (np == to_delete || np->cpu_affinity != c) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PROCESSES; i++) {
+                    if (processes[i].pid == 0 || (processes[i].cpu_affinity == c && processes[i].is_user == false)) {
+                        np = &processes[i]; break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            current_process[c] = np;
+        }
     }
 
     // Mark slot as free
     to_delete->pid = 0xFFFFFFFF; 
+    to_delete->cpu_affinity = 0xFFFFFFFF;
 
     if (to_delete->user_stack_alloc) kfree(to_delete->user_stack_alloc);
-    if (to_delete->kernel_stack_alloc) {
+    // Defer kernel stack until we switch away from it
-        if (to_delete == current_process) {
+    to_delete->kernel_stack_alloc = NULL;
-            free_kernel_stack_later = to_delete->kernel_stack_alloc;
-        } else {
-            kfree(to_delete->kernel_stack_alloc);
-        }
-    }
     
     extern void paging_destroy_user_pml4_phys(uint64_t pml4_phys);
     if (to_delete->pml4_phys && to_delete->is_user) {
@@ -459,71 +585,90 @@ void process_terminate(process_t *to_delete) {
     to_delete->kernel_stack_alloc = NULL;
     to_delete->pml4_phys = 0;
 
-    asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
 }
 
 uint64_t process_terminate_current(void) {
-    uint64_t rflags;
+    uint64_t rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&runqueue_lock);
-    asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
 
-    if (!current_process || current_process->pid == 0) {
+    uint32_t my_cpu = smp_this_cpu_id();
-        asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+    process_t *cur = current_process[my_cpu];
+
+    if (!cur || cur->pid == 0) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
         return 0;
     }
     
-    process_cleanup_inner(current_process);
+    process_cleanup_inner(cur);
 
     // 2. Find previous process in circular list
-    process_t *prev = current_process;
+    process_t *prev = cur;
-    while (prev->next != current_process) {
+    while (prev->next != cur) {
         prev = prev->next;
     }
 
     // 3. Remove current from list
-    process_t *to_delete = current_process;
+    process_t *to_delete = cur;
     
-    if (prev == current_process) {
+    if (prev == cur) {
         // Only one process (should be kernel), cannot terminate.
-        asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
         return to_delete->rsp;
     }
 
     prev->next = to_delete->next;
-    current_process = to_delete->next;
+    
+    process_t *next_proc = to_delete->next;
+    while (next_proc != to_delete) {
+        if (next_proc->cpu_affinity == my_cpu && next_proc->pid != 0xFFFFFFFF) break;
+        next_proc = next_proc->next;
+    }
+    
+    if (next_proc == to_delete || next_proc->cpu_affinity != my_cpu) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PROCESSES; i++) {
+            if (processes[i].pid == 0 || (processes[i].cpu_affinity == my_cpu && processes[i].is_user == false)) {
+                next_proc = &processes[i]; break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    current_process[my_cpu] = next_proc;
     
     // Mark slot as free
     to_delete->pid = 0xFFFFFFFF; 
+    to_delete->cpu_affinity = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    to_delete->ui_window = NULL;
+    to_delete->is_terminal_proc = false;
 
     // 4. Load context for the NEXT process
-    if (current_process->is_user && current_process->kernel_stack) {
+    if (current_process[my_cpu]->is_user && current_process[my_cpu]->kernel_stack) {
-        tss_set_stack(current_process->kernel_stack);
+        tss_set_stack_cpu(my_cpu, current_process[my_cpu]->kernel_stack);
-        extern uint64_t kernel_syscall_stack;
+        cpu_state_t *cpu_state = smp_get_cpu(my_cpu);
-        kernel_syscall_stack = current_process->kernel_stack;
+        if (cpu_state) {
+            cpu_state->kernel_syscall_stack = current_process[my_cpu]->kernel_stack;
+        }
     }
     
-    paging_switch_directory(current_process->pml4_phys);
+    paging_switch_directory(current_process[my_cpu]->pml4_phys);
 
-    // 5. Actually free the memory (after switching state to avoid issues)
+    free_kernel_stack_later[my_cpu] = to_delete->kernel_stack_alloc;
-    // We only safely free the user stack. Immediate freeing of the current 
+    to_delete->kernel_stack_alloc = NULL;
-    // kernel stack is unsafe while we are still running on it.
+    free_pml4_later[my_cpu] = to_delete->pml4_phys;
-    if (to_delete->user_stack_alloc) kfree(to_delete->user_stack_alloc);
-    
-    extern void paging_destroy_user_pml4_phys(uint64_t pml4_phys);
-    if (to_delete->pml4_phys && to_delete->is_user) {
-        paging_destroy_user_pml4_phys(to_delete->pml4_phys);
-    }
-    
-    // Clear pointers to avoid double-free during slot reuse
-    to_delete->user_stack_alloc = NULL;
-    free_kernel_stack_later = to_delete->kernel_stack_alloc;
-    to_delete->kernel_stack_alloc = NULL; // Leak the small kernel stack for safety
     to_delete->pml4_phys = 0;
     
-    uint64_t next_rsp = current_process->rsp;
+    uint64_t next_rsp = current_process[my_cpu]->rsp;
-    asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, rflags);
     return next_rsp;
 }
 
+// SMP: IPI handler called on AP cores when BSP broadcasts scheduling IPI
+uint64_t sched_ipi_handler(registers_t *regs) {
+    lapic_eoi(); // Acknowledge the IPI
+    
+    // Run the scheduler for this CPU
+    return process_schedule((uint64_t)regs);
+}
+
 void process_push_gui_event(process_t *proc, gui_event_t *ev) {
     if (!proc) return;
 
@@ -556,4 +701,3 @@ process_t* process_get_by_ui_window(void *win) {
     }
     return NULL;
 }
-

src/sys/process.h

@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ typedef struct process {
     uint64_t ticks;
     uint64_t sleep_until;
     size_t used_memory;
+    uint32_t cpu_affinity;    
+    bool is_idle;            
+    char cwd[1024];          
 } __attribute__((aligned(16))) process_t;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -59,17 +62,23 @@ typedef struct {
     char name[64];
     uint64_t ticks;
     size_t used_memory;
+    bool is_idle;
 } ProcessInfo;
 
 void process_init(void);
-void process_create(void* entry_point, bool is_user);
+process_t* process_create(void (*entry_point)(void), bool is_user);
 process_t* process_create_elf(const char* filepath, const char* args_str);
 process_t* process_get_current(void);
+void process_set_current_for_cpu(uint32_t cpu_id, process_t* p);
+process_t* process_get_current_for_cpu(uint32_t cpu_id);
 uint64_t process_schedule(uint64_t current_rsp);
 uint64_t process_terminate_current(void);
 void process_terminate(process_t *proc);
 process_t* process_get_by_pid(uint32_t pid);
 
+// SMP: IPI handler for AP scheduling 
+uint64_t sched_ipi_handler(registers_t *regs);
+
 void process_push_gui_event(process_t *proc, gui_event_t *ev);
 process_t* process_get_by_ui_window(void* win);
 

src/sys/smp.c

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#include "smp.h"
+#include "limine.h"
+#include "memory_manager.h"
+#include "gdt.h"
+#include "idt.h"
+#include "platform.h"
+#include "paging.h"
+#include "process.h"
+#include "work_queue.h"
+#include "core/kutils.h"
+
+extern void serial_write(const char *str);
+extern void serial_write_num(uint32_t n);
+extern void serial_write_hex(uint64_t n);
+
+static cpu_state_t *cpu_states = NULL;
+static uint32_t total_cpus = 0;
+static uint32_t bsp_lapic_id = 0;
+static cpu_state_t *bsp_cpu_state = NULL;
+
+#define MSR_GS_BASE         0xC0000101
+#define MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE  0xC0000102
+
+static inline void wrmsr(uint32_t msr, uint64_t value) {
+    uint32_t low = (uint32_t)value;
+    uint32_t high = (uint32_t)(value >> 32);
+    asm volatile("wrmsr" : : "c"(msr), "a"(low), "d"(high));
+}
+
+static uint32_t read_lapic_id(void) {
+    uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+    asm volatile("cpuid" : "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx) : "a"(1));
+    return (ebx >> 24) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+uint32_t smp_this_cpu_id(void) {
+    if (total_cpus <= 1) return 0;
+    
+    // Use GS-based self-pointer to get the structure first
+    cpu_state_t *state;
+    asm volatile("movq %%gs:0, %0" : "=r"(state) : : "memory");
+    if (state) return state->cpu_id;
+
+    uint32_t lapic = read_lapic_id();
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < total_cpus; i++) {
+        if (cpu_states[i].lapic_id == lapic) return i;
+    }
+    return 0; // Fallback to BSP
+}
+
+uint32_t smp_cpu_count(void) {
+    return total_cpus;
+}
+
+cpu_state_t *smp_get_cpu(uint32_t cpu_id) {
+    if (cpu_id >= total_cpus) return NULL;
+    return &cpu_states[cpu_id];
+}
+
+static void ap_entry(struct limine_smp_info *info) {
+    uint32_t my_id = (uint32_t)(info->extra_argument);
+    uint64_t cr0;
+    asm volatile("mov %%cr0, %0" : "=r"(cr0));
+    cr0 &= ~(1ULL << 2);
+    cr0 |= (1ULL << 1);
+    cr0 |= (1ULL << 5);
+    asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr0" : : "r"(cr0));
+
+    uint64_t cr4;
+    asm volatile("mov %%cr4, %0" : "=r"(cr4));
+    cr4 |= (1ULL << 9);
+    cr4 |= (1ULL << 10);
+    asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr4" : : "r"(cr4));
+    asm volatile("fninit");
+
+    extern struct gdt_ptr gdtr;
+    extern void gdt_flush(uint64_t);
+    gdt_flush((uint64_t)&gdtr);
+
+    gdt_load_ap_tss(my_id);
+
+    extern void idt_load(void);
+    idt_load();
+
+    extern void syscall_init(void);
+    syscall_init();
+
+    uint64_t kernel_cr3 = paging_get_pml4_phys();
+    asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr3" : : "r"(kernel_cr3));
+
+    extern void lapic_enable(void);
+    lapic_enable();
+
+    cpu_states[my_id].self = &cpu_states[my_id];
+    cpu_states[my_id].online = true;
+    cpu_states[my_id].kernel_syscall_stack = cpu_states[my_id].kernel_stack;
+
+    wrmsr(MSR_GS_BASE, (uint64_t)&cpu_states[my_id]);
+    wrmsr(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, (uint64_t)&cpu_states[my_id]);
+
+    serial_write("[SMP] AP ");
+    serial_write_num(my_id);
+    serial_write(" online (LAPIC ");
+    serial_write_num(cpu_states[my_id].lapic_id);
+    serial_write(")\n");
+
+    process_t *ap_idle = process_create(NULL, false); 
+    ap_idle->cpu_affinity = my_id;
+    ap_idle->is_idle = true;
+    k_strcpy(ap_idle->name, "idle:");
+    char id_s[8]; k_itoa(my_id, id_s);
+    k_strcpy(ap_idle->name + 5, id_s);
+    
+    process_set_current_for_cpu(my_id, ap_idle);
+    asm volatile("sti");
+
+    work_queue_drain_loop();
+}
+
+void smp_init_bsp(void) {
+    static cpu_state_t bsp_state_static = {0};
+    bsp_state_static.cpu_id = 0;
+    bsp_state_static.lapic_id = read_lapic_id();
+    bsp_state_static.self = &bsp_state_static;
+    bsp_state_static.online = true;
+    
+    wrmsr(MSR_GS_BASE, (uint64_t)&bsp_state_static);
+    wrmsr(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, (uint64_t)&bsp_state_static);
+    
+    bsp_cpu_state = &bsp_state_static;
+}
+
+// --- SMP Initialization ---
+uint32_t smp_init(struct limine_smp_response *smp_resp) {
+    if (!smp_resp || smp_resp->cpu_count <= 1) {
+        total_cpus = 1;
+        cpu_states = (cpu_state_t *)kmalloc(sizeof(cpu_state_t));
+        if (!cpu_states) return 1;
+        extern void mem_memset(void *, int, size_t);
+        mem_memset(cpu_states, 0, sizeof(cpu_state_t));
+        cpu_states[0].cpu_id = 0;
+        cpu_states[0].lapic_id = read_lapic_id();
+        cpu_states[0].online = true;
+        serial_write("[SMP] Single CPU mode\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    total_cpus = (uint32_t)smp_resp->cpu_count;
+    bsp_lapic_id = smp_resp->bsp_lapic_id;
+
+    serial_write("[SMP] Detected ");
+    serial_write_num(total_cpus);
+    serial_write(" CPUs. BSP LAPIC ID: ");
+    serial_write_num(bsp_lapic_id);
+    serial_write("\n");
+
+    cpu_states = (cpu_state_t *)kmalloc(total_cpus * sizeof(cpu_state_t));
+    if (!cpu_states) {
+        serial_write("[SMP] ERROR: Failed to allocate CPU state array!\n");
+        total_cpus = 1;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    extern void mem_memset(void *, int, size_t);
+    mem_memset(cpu_states, 0, total_cpus * sizeof(cpu_state_t));
+
+    gdt_init_ap_tss(total_cpus);
+
+    uint32_t bsp_index = 0;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < total_cpus; i++) {
+        struct limine_smp_info *cpu = smp_resp->cpus[i];
+        cpu_states[i].cpu_id = i;
+        cpu_states[i].lapic_id = cpu->lapic_id;
+
+        if (cpu->lapic_id == bsp_lapic_id) {
+            cpu_states[i] = *bsp_cpu_state; // Copy early BSP state
+            cpu_states[i].self = &cpu_states[i];
+            
+            cpu_states[i].kernel_stack = 0; // Limine stack for now
+            cpu_states[i].kernel_syscall_stack = 0; 
+            bsp_index = i;
+            wrmsr(MSR_GS_BASE, (uint64_t)&cpu_states[i]);
+            wrmsr(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, (uint64_t)&cpu_states[i]);
+            
+            serial_write("[SMP] BSP CPU ");
+            serial_write_num(i);
+            serial_write(" (LAPIC ");
+            serial_write_num(cpu->lapic_id);
+            serial_write(") online\n");
+        } else {
+            void *ap_stack = kmalloc_aligned(65536, 65536);
+            if (!ap_stack) {
+                serial_write("[SMP] ERROR: Failed to allocate AP stack!\n");
+                continue;
+            }
+            cpu_states[i].kernel_stack = (uint64_t)ap_stack + 65536;
+            cpu_states[i].kernel_stack_alloc = ap_stack;
+            cpu_states[i].online = false;
+
+            cpu->extra_argument = i;
+
+            serial_write("[SMP] Starting AP ");
+            serial_write_num(i);
+            serial_write(" (LAPIC ");
+            serial_write_num(cpu->lapic_id);
+            serial_write(")...\n");
+
+            __atomic_store_n(&cpu->goto_address, ap_entry, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+        }
+    }
+
+    volatile uint32_t timeout = 10000000;
+    uint32_t online_count = 0;
+    while (timeout-- > 0) {
+        online_count = 0;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < total_cpus; i++) {
+            if (cpu_states[i].online) online_count++;
+        }
+        if (online_count == total_cpus) break;
+        asm volatile("pause");
+    }
+
+    serial_write("[SMP] All ");
+    serial_write_num(online_count);
+    serial_write(" of ");
+    serial_write_num(total_cpus);
+    serial_write(" CPUs online\n");
+
+    return online_count;
+}

src/sys/smp.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#ifndef SMP_H
+#define SMP_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "spinlock.h"
+
+typedef struct cpu_state {
+    struct cpu_state *self;    
+    uint32_t cpu_id;           
+    uint32_t lapic_id;         
+    uint64_t kernel_stack;     
+    void    *kernel_stack_alloc; 
+    volatile bool online;      
+    uint64_t user_rsp_scratch;  
+    uint64_t kernel_syscall_stack; 
+} cpu_state_t;
+ 
+ void smp_init_bsp(void);
+
+
+struct limine_smp_response;
+uint32_t smp_init(struct limine_smp_response *smp_resp);
+
+uint32_t smp_this_cpu_id(void);
+
+uint32_t smp_cpu_count(void);
+
+cpu_state_t *smp_get_cpu(uint32_t cpu_id);
+
+#endif

src/sys/spinlock.h

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#ifndef SPINLOCK_H
+#define SPINLOCK_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// Simple test-and-set spinlock for x86_64 SMP.
+// Uses 'lock xchg' for acquire and a plain store for release.
+// Includes 'pause' to reduce bus contention while spinning.
+
+typedef volatile uint32_t spinlock_t;
+
+#define SPINLOCK_INIT 0
+
+static inline void spinlock_acquire(spinlock_t *lock) {
+    while (1) {
+        // Try to set the lock from 0 -> 1
+        uint32_t prev;
+        asm volatile("lock xchgl %0, %1"
+                     : "=r"(prev), "+m"(*lock)
+                     : "0"((uint32_t)1)
+                     : "memory");
+        if (prev == 0) return; // We got the lock
+        // Spin with pause (reduces power and bus traffic)
+        while (*lock) {
+            asm volatile("pause" ::: "memory");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void spinlock_release(spinlock_t *lock) {
+    asm volatile("" ::: "memory"); // compiler barrier
+    *lock = 0;
+}
+
+// Try to acquire without blocking. Returns 1 if acquired, 0 if not.
+static inline int spinlock_try(spinlock_t *lock) {
+    uint32_t prev;
+    asm volatile("lock xchgl %0, %1"
+                 : "=r"(prev), "+m"(*lock)
+                 : "0"((uint32_t)1)
+                 : "memory");
+    return (prev == 0);
+}
+
+// IRQ-safe spinlock: saves flags, disables interrupts, then acquires.
+// Use when the lock may be contended from interrupt context.
+static inline uint64_t spinlock_acquire_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock) {
+    uint64_t flags;
+    asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(flags) :: "memory");
+    spinlock_acquire(lock);
+    return flags;
+}
+
+static inline void spinlock_release_irqrestore(spinlock_t *lock, uint64_t flags) {
+    spinlock_release(lock);
+    asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(flags) : "memory");
+}
+
+#endif

src/sys/syscall.c

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@
 #include "process.h"
 #include "wm.h"
 #include "fat32.h"
+#include "vfs.h"
 #include "paging.h"
+#include "work_queue.h"
+#include "smp.h"
 #include "platform.h"
 #include "io.h"
 #include "pci.h"
@@ -19,6 +22,8 @@
 #include "font_manager.h"
 #include "graphics.h"
 
+extern bool ps2_ctrl_pressed;
+
 // Read MSR
 static inline uint64_t rdmsr(uint32_t msr) {
     uint32_t low, high;
@@ -33,71 +38,99 @@ static inline void wrmsr(uint32_t msr, uint64_t value) {
     asm volatile("wrmsr" : : "c"(msr), "a"(low), "d"(high));
 }
 
-// Implemented in assembly
+extern void isr128_wrapper(void);
-extern void syscall_entry(void);
+extern void* kmalloc(size_t size);
+extern void kfree(void* ptr);
 
-extern uint64_t kernel_syscall_stack;
+typedef struct {
+    void (*fn)(void *);
+    void *arg;
+    uint64_t pml4_phys;
+    volatile int *completion_counter;
+} smp_user_task_t;
+
+static void smp_user_wrapper(void *arg) {
+    smp_user_task_t *task = (smp_user_task_t *)arg;
+    if (!task) return;
+
+    uint64_t old_cr3;
+    asm volatile("mov %%cr3, %0" : "=r"(old_cr3));
+    
+    // Switch to user address space if necessary
+    bool switch_cr3 = (task->pml4_phys != 0 && task->pml4_phys != old_cr3);
+    if (switch_cr3) {
+        asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr3" :: "r"(task->pml4_phys) : "memory");
+    }
+
+    if (task->fn) {
+        task->fn(task->arg);
+    }
+
+    if (switch_cr3) {
+        asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr3" :: "r"(old_cr3) : "memory");
+    }
+
+    if (task->completion_counter) {
+        __sync_fetch_and_add(task->completion_counter, -1);
+    }
+
+}
 
 void syscall_init(void) {
-    void* stack = kmalloc(16384);
-    kernel_syscall_stack = (uint64_t)stack + 16384;
     uint64_t efer = rdmsr(MSR_EFER);
-    efer |= 1; // SCE bit is bit 0
+    efer |= 1; 
     wrmsr(MSR_EFER, efer);
-
+    uint64_t star = ((uint64_t)0x001B << 48) | ((uint64_t)0x0008 << 32);
-
-    uint64_t star = ((uint64_t)0x08 << 32) | ((uint64_t)0x13 << 48);
     wrmsr(MSR_STAR, star);
-
+    extern void syscall_entry(void);
     wrmsr(MSR_LSTAR, (uint64_t)syscall_entry);
-
     wrmsr(MSR_FMASK, 0x200); 
 }
 
 static void user_window_close(Window *win) {
-    process_t *proc = (process_t *)win->data;
+    process_t *proc = process_get_by_ui_window(win);
     if (!proc) return;
     gui_event_t ev = { .type = GUI_EVENT_CLOSE };
     process_push_gui_event(proc, &ev);
 }
 
 static void user_window_paint(Window *win) {
-    process_t *proc = (process_t *)win->data;
+    process_t *proc = process_get_by_ui_window(win);
     if (!proc) return;
     gui_event_t ev = { .type = GUI_EVENT_PAINT };
     process_push_gui_event(proc, &ev);
 }
 
 static void user_window_click(Window *win, int x, int y) {
-    process_t *proc = (process_t *)win->data;
+    process_t *proc = process_get_by_ui_window(win);
     if (!proc) return;
     gui_event_t ev = { .type = GUI_EVENT_CLICK, .arg1 = x, .arg2 = y };
     process_push_gui_event(proc, &ev);
 }
 
 static void user_window_right_click(Window *win, int x, int y) {
-    process_t *proc = (process_t *)win->data;
+    process_t *proc = process_get_by_ui_window(win);
     if (!proc) return;
     gui_event_t ev = { .type = GUI_EVENT_RIGHT_CLICK, .arg1 = x, .arg2 = y };
     process_push_gui_event(proc, &ev);
 }
 
 static void user_window_mouse_down(Window *win, int x, int y) {
-    process_t *proc = (process_t *)win->data;
+    process_t *proc = process_get_by_ui_window(win);
     if (!proc) return;
     gui_event_t ev = { .type = GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN, .arg1 = x, .arg2 = y };
     process_push_gui_event(proc, &ev);
 }
 
 static void user_window_mouse_up(Window *win, int x, int y) {
-    process_t *proc = (process_t *)win->data;
+    process_t *proc = process_get_by_ui_window(win);
     if (!proc) return;
     gui_event_t ev = { .type = GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_UP, .arg1 = x, .arg2 = y };
     process_push_gui_event(proc, &ev);
 }
 
 static void user_window_mouse_move(Window *win, int x, int y, uint8_t buttons) {
-    process_t *proc = (process_t *)win->data;
+    process_t *proc = process_get_by_ui_window(win);
     if (!proc) return;
     gui_event_t ev = { .type = GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_MOVE, .arg1 = x, .arg2 = y, .arg3 = buttons };
     process_push_gui_event(proc, &ev);
@@ -105,24 +138,24 @@ static void user_window_mouse_move(Window *win, int x, int y, uint8_t buttons) {
 
 // Helper function for WM to send mouse events
 void syscall_send_mouse_move_event(Window *win, int x, int y, uint8_t buttons) {
-    if (!win || !win->data) return;
+    if (!win) return;
     user_window_mouse_move(win, x, y, buttons);
 }
 
 void syscall_send_mouse_down_event(Window *win, int x, int y) {
-    if (!win || !win->data) return;
+    if (!win) return;
     user_window_mouse_down(win, x, y);
 }
 
 void syscall_send_mouse_up_event(Window *win, int x, int y) {
-    if (!win || !win->data) return;
+    if (!win) return;
     user_window_mouse_up(win, x, y);
 }
 
 static void user_window_key(Window *win, char c, bool pressed) {
-    process_t *proc = (process_t *)win->data;
+    process_t *proc = process_get_by_ui_window(win);
     if (!proc) return;
-    gui_event_t ev = { .type = pressed ? GUI_EVENT_KEY : GUI_EVENT_KEYUP, .arg1 = (int)c };
+    gui_event_t ev = { .type = pressed ? GUI_EVENT_KEY : GUI_EVENT_KEYUP, .arg1 = (int)c, .arg3 = (int)ps2_ctrl_pressed };
     process_push_gui_event(proc, &ev);
 }
 
@@ -134,15 +167,18 @@ static void user_window_resize(Window *win, int w, int h) {
     extern void kfree(void* ptr);
     extern void serial_write(const char *str);
     
-    
     if (win->pixels) kfree(win->pixels);
     if (win->comp_pixels) kfree(win->comp_pixels);
     
     win->pixels = (uint32_t *)kmalloc(w * h * sizeof(uint32_t));
     win->comp_pixels = (uint32_t *)kmalloc(w * h * sizeof(uint32_t));
     
+    win->w = w;
+    win->h = h;
+    
     if (win->pixels) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < w * h; i++) win->pixels[i] = 0;
+        extern void mem_memset(void *dest, int val, size_t len);
+        mem_memset(win->pixels, 0, w * h * sizeof(uint32_t));
     }
 }
 
@@ -230,6 +266,7 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
             win->cursor_pos = 0;
             win->data = proc;
             win->font = NULL;
+            win->lock = SPINLOCK_INIT;
             
             serial_write("Kernel: Dims initialized.\n");
             
@@ -284,7 +321,9 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                 extern void graphics_set_render_target(uint32_t *buffer, int w, int h);
                 
                 uint64_t rflags;
-                asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
+                bool use_wm_lock = (win->pixels == NULL);
+                if (use_wm_lock) rflags = wm_lock_acquire();
+                else rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&win->lock);
                 
                 if (win->pixels) {
                     // Strict user-to-window relative clamping
@@ -304,7 +343,8 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                     draw_rect(win->x + params[0], win->y + params[1], params[2], params[3], color);
                 }
                 
-                asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+                if (use_wm_lock) wm_lock_release(rflags);
+                else spinlock_release_irqrestore(&win->lock, rflags);
             }
         } else if (cmd == GUI_CMD_DRAW_ROUNDED_RECT_FILLED) {
             Window *win = (Window *)arg2;
@@ -318,7 +358,9 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                 extern void graphics_set_render_target(uint32_t *buffer, int w, int h);
                 
                 uint64_t rflags;
-                asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
+                bool use_wm_lock = (win->pixels == NULL);
+                if (use_wm_lock) rflags = wm_lock_acquire();
+                else rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&win->lock);
                 
                 if (win->pixels) {
                     int rx = (int)params[0]; int ry = (int)params[1];
@@ -336,7 +378,8 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                     }
                 }
                 
-                asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+                if (use_wm_lock) wm_lock_release(rflags);
+                else spinlock_release_irqrestore(&win->lock, rflags);
             }
         } else if (cmd == GUI_CMD_DRAW_STRING) {
             Window *win = (Window *)arg2;
@@ -359,7 +402,9 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                 kernel_str[i] = 0;
 
                 uint64_t rflags;
-                asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
+                bool use_wm_lock = (win->pixels == NULL);
+                if (use_wm_lock) rflags = wm_lock_acquire();
+                else rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&win->lock);
                 
                 ttf_font_t *font = win->font ? (ttf_font_t*)win->font : graphics_get_current_ttf();
 
@@ -370,11 +415,18 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                             int baseline = uy + font_manager_get_font_ascent_scaled(font, font->pixel_height) - 2;
                             int cur_x = ux;
                             const char *s = kernel_str;
+                            int start_x = cur_x;
                             while (*s) {
-                                font_manager_render_char_scaled(font, cur_x, baseline, *s, color, font->pixel_height, put_pixel);
+                                uint32_t codepoint = utf8_decode(&s);
-                                char buf[2] = {*s, 0};
+                                if (codepoint == '\n') {
-                                cur_x += font_manager_get_string_width_scaled(font, buf, font->pixel_height);
+                                    cur_x = start_x;
-                                s++;
+                                    baseline += font_manager_get_font_line_height_scaled(font, font->pixel_height);
+                                } else if (codepoint == '\t') {
+                                    cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, ' ', font->pixel_height) * 4;
+                                } else {
+                                    font_manager_render_char_scaled(font, cur_x, baseline, codepoint, color, font->pixel_height, put_pixel);
+                                    cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, codepoint, font->pixel_height);
+                                }
                             }
                         } else {
                             draw_string(ux, uy, kernel_str, color);
@@ -386,18 +438,26 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                         int baseline = win->y + uy + font_manager_get_font_ascent_scaled(font, font->pixel_height) - 2;
                         int cur_x = win->x + ux;
                         const char *s = kernel_str;
+                        int start_x = cur_x;
                         while (*s) {
-                            font_manager_render_char_scaled(font, cur_x, baseline, *s, color, font->pixel_height, put_pixel);
+                            uint32_t codepoint = utf8_decode(&s);
-                            char buf[2] = {*s, 0};
+                            if (codepoint == '\n') {
-                            cur_x += font_manager_get_string_width_scaled(font, buf, font->pixel_height);
+                                cur_x = start_x;
-                            s++;
+                                baseline += font_manager_get_font_line_height_scaled(font, font->pixel_height);
+                            } else if (codepoint == '\t') {
+                                cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, ' ', font->pixel_height) * 4;
+                            } else {
+                                font_manager_render_char_scaled(font, cur_x, baseline, codepoint, color, font->pixel_height, put_pixel);
+                                cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, codepoint, font->pixel_height);
+                            }
                         }
                     } else {
                         draw_string(win->x + ux, win->y + uy, kernel_str, color);
                     }
                 }
                 
-                asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+                if (use_wm_lock) wm_lock_release(rflags);
+                else spinlock_release_irqrestore(&win->lock, rflags);
             }
         } else if (cmd == 10) { // GUI_CMD_DRAW_STRING_BITMAP
             Window *win = (Window *)arg2;
@@ -420,7 +480,9 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                 kernel_str[i] = 0;
 
                 uint64_t rflags;
-                asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
+                bool use_wm_lock = (win->pixels == NULL);
+                if (use_wm_lock) rflags = wm_lock_acquire();
+                else rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&win->lock);
                 
                 if (win->pixels) {
                     if (ux >= -100 && ux < win->w && uy >= -100 && uy < (win->h - 20)) {
@@ -432,7 +494,8 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                     draw_string_bitmap(win->x + ux, win->y + uy, kernel_str, color);
                 }
                 
-                asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+                if (use_wm_lock) wm_lock_release(rflags);
+                else spinlock_release_irqrestore(&win->lock, rflags);
             }
         } else if (cmd == 11) { // GUI_CMD_DRAW_STRING_SCALED
             Window *win = (Window *)arg2;
@@ -459,7 +522,9 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                 kernel_str[i] = 0;
 
                 uint64_t rflags;
-                asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
+                bool use_wm_lock = (win->pixels == NULL);
+                if (use_wm_lock) rflags = wm_lock_acquire();
+                else rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&win->lock);
                 
                 ttf_font_t *font = win->font ? (ttf_font_t*)win->font : graphics_get_current_ttf();
 
@@ -470,11 +535,18 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                             int baseline = uy + font_manager_get_font_ascent_scaled(font, scale) - 2;
                             int cur_x = ux;
                             const char *s = kernel_str;
+                            int start_x = cur_x;
                             while (*s) {
-                                font_manager_render_char_scaled(font, cur_x, baseline, *s, color, scale, put_pixel);
+                                uint32_t codepoint = utf8_decode(&s);
-                                char buf[2] = {*s, 0};
+                                if (codepoint == '\n') {
-                                cur_x += font_manager_get_string_width_scaled(font, buf, scale);
+                                    cur_x = start_x;
-                                s++;
+                                    baseline += font_manager_get_font_line_height_scaled(font, scale);
+                                } else if (codepoint == '\t') {
+                                    cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, ' ', scale) * 4;
+                                } else {
+                                    font_manager_render_char_scaled(font, cur_x, baseline, codepoint, color, scale, put_pixel);
+                                    cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, codepoint, scale);
+                                }
                             }
                         } else {
                             draw_string_scaled(ux, uy, kernel_str, color, scale);
@@ -486,18 +558,26 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                         int baseline = win->y + uy + font_manager_get_font_ascent_scaled(font, scale) - 2;
                         int cur_x = win->x + ux;
                         const char *s = kernel_str;
+                        int start_x = cur_x;
                         while (*s) {
-                            font_manager_render_char_scaled(font, cur_x, baseline, *s, color, scale, put_pixel);
+                            uint32_t codepoint = utf8_decode(&s);
-                            char buf[2] = {*s, 0};
+                            if (codepoint == '\n') {
-                            cur_x += font_manager_get_string_width_scaled(font, buf, scale);
+                                cur_x = start_x;
-                            s++;
+                                baseline += font_manager_get_font_line_height_scaled(font, scale);
+                            } else if (codepoint == '\t') {
+                                cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, ' ', scale) * 4;
+                            } else {
+                                font_manager_render_char_scaled(font, cur_x, baseline, codepoint, color, scale, put_pixel);
+                                cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, codepoint, scale);
+                            }
                         }
                     } else {
                         draw_string_scaled(win->x + ux, win->y + uy, kernel_str, color, scale);
                     }
                 }
                 
-                asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+                if (use_wm_lock) wm_lock_release(rflags);
+                else spinlock_release_irqrestore(&win->lock, rflags);
             }
         } else if (cmd == 18) { // GUI_CMD_DRAW_STRING_SCALED_SLOPED
             Window *win = (Window *)arg2;
@@ -534,7 +614,9 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                 kernel_str[i] = 0;
 
                 uint64_t rflags;
-                asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
+                bool use_wm_lock = (win->pixels == NULL);
+                if (use_wm_lock) rflags = wm_lock_acquire();
+                else rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&win->lock);
                 
                 ttf_font_t *font = win->font ? (ttf_font_t*)win->font : graphics_get_current_ttf();
 
@@ -545,12 +627,19 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                             int baseline = uy + font_manager_get_font_ascent_scaled(font, scale) - 2;
                             int cur_x = ux;
                             const char *s = kernel_str;
+                            int start_x = cur_x;
                             while (*s) {
-                                extern void font_manager_render_char_sloped(ttf_font_t *font, int x, int y, char c, uint32_t color, float scale, float slope, void (*put_pixel_fn)(int, int, uint32_t));
+                                extern void font_manager_render_char_sloped(ttf_font_t *font, int x, int y, uint32_t codepoint, uint32_t color, float scale, float slope, void (*put_pixel_fn)(int, int, uint32_t));
-                                font_manager_render_char_sloped(font, cur_x, baseline, *s, color, scale, slope, put_pixel);
+                                uint32_t codepoint = utf8_decode(&s);
-                                char buf[2] = {*s, 0};
+                                if (codepoint == '\n') {
-                                cur_x += font_manager_get_string_width_scaled(font, buf, scale);
+                                    cur_x = start_x;
-                                s++;
+                                    baseline += font_manager_get_font_line_height_scaled(font, scale);
+                                } else if (codepoint == '\t') {
+                                    cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, ' ', scale) * 4;
+                                } else {
+                                    font_manager_render_char_sloped(font, cur_x, baseline, codepoint, color, scale, slope, put_pixel);
+                                    cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, codepoint, scale);
+                                }
                             }
                         } else {
                             draw_string_scaled_sloped(ux, uy, kernel_str, color, scale, slope);
@@ -562,19 +651,27 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                         int baseline = win->y + uy + font_manager_get_font_ascent_scaled(font, scale) - 2;
                         int cur_x = win->x + ux;
                         const char *s = kernel_str;
+                        int start_x = cur_x;
                         while (*s) {
-                            extern void font_manager_render_char_sloped(ttf_font_t *font, int x, int y, char c, uint32_t color, float scale, float slope, void (*put_pixel_fn)(int, int, uint32_t));
+                            extern void font_manager_render_char_sloped(ttf_font_t *font, int x, int y, uint32_t codepoint, uint32_t color, float scale, float slope, void (*put_pixel_fn)(int, int, uint32_t));
-                            font_manager_render_char_sloped(font, cur_x, baseline, *s, color, scale, slope, put_pixel);
+                            uint32_t codepoint = utf8_decode(&s);
-                            char buf[2] = {*s, 0};
+                            if (codepoint == '\n') {
-                            cur_x += font_manager_get_string_width_scaled(font, buf, scale);
+                                cur_x = start_x;
-                            s++;
+                                baseline += font_manager_get_font_line_height_scaled(font, scale);
+                            } else if (codepoint == '\t') {
+                                cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, ' ', scale) * 4;
+                            } else {
+                                font_manager_render_char_sloped(font, cur_x, baseline, codepoint, color, scale, slope, put_pixel);
+                                cur_x += font_manager_get_codepoint_width_scaled(font, codepoint, scale);
+                            }
                         }
                     } else {
                         draw_string_scaled_sloped(win->x + ux, win->y + uy, kernel_str, color, scale, slope);
                     }
                 }
                 
-                asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+                if (use_wm_lock) wm_lock_release(rflags);
+                else spinlock_release_irqrestore(&win->lock, rflags);
             }
         } else if (cmd == GUI_CMD_DRAW_IMAGE) {
             Window *win = (Window *)arg2;
@@ -585,14 +682,17 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) params[i] = u_params[i];
                 
                 uint64_t rflags;
-                asm volatile("pushfq; pop %0; cli" : "=r"(rflags));
+                bool use_wm_lock = (win->pixels == NULL);
+                if (use_wm_lock) rflags = wm_lock_acquire();
+                else rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&win->lock);
                 
                 if (win->pixels) {
                     int rx = (int)params[0]; int ry = (int)params[1];
                     int rw = (int)params[2]; int rh = (int)params[3];
-                    
+                    int src_w = rw;
                     int src_x_offset = 0;
                     int src_y_offset = 0;
+
                     if (rx < 0) { src_x_offset = -rx; rw += rx; rx = 0; }
                     if (ry < 0) { src_y_offset = -ry; rh += ry; ry = 0; }
                     if (rx + rw > win->w) rw = win->w - rx;
@@ -601,15 +701,13 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                     if (rw > 0 && rh > 0) {
                         for (int y = 0; y < rh; y++) {
                             uint32_t *dest = &win->pixels[(ry + y) * win->w + rx];
-                            uint32_t *src = &image_data[(src_y_offset + y) * (int)params[2] + src_x_offset];
+                            uint32_t *src = &image_data[(src_y_offset + y) * src_w + src_x_offset];
                             for (int x = 0; x < rw; x++) {
                                 uint32_t s = src[x];
                                 uint8_t alpha = (s >> 24) & 0xFF;
                                 if (alpha == 0xFF) {
                                     dest[x] = s;
-                                } else if (alpha == 0) {
+                                } else if (alpha > 0) {
-                                    // Skip
-                                } else {
                                     uint32_t d = dest[x];
                                     uint32_t rb = ((s & 0xFF00FF) * alpha + (d & 0xFF00FF) * (255 - alpha)) >> 8;
                                     uint32_t g = ((s & 0x00FF00) * alpha + (d & 0x00FF00) * (255 - alpha)) >> 8;
@@ -620,9 +718,11 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                     }
                 }
                 
-                asm volatile("push %0; popfq" : : "r"(rflags));
+                if (use_wm_lock) wm_lock_release(rflags);
+                else spinlock_release_irqrestore(&win->lock, rflags);
             }
         } else if (cmd == GUI_CMD_MARK_DIRTY) {
+            uint64_t rflags = wm_lock_acquire();
             Window *win = (Window *)arg2;
             uint64_t *u_params = (uint64_t *)arg3;
             if (win && u_params) {
@@ -631,11 +731,14 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
 
                 // Dual-buffer commit: copy pixels to comp_pixels
                 if (win->pixels && win->comp_pixels) {
+                    uint64_t win_rflags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&win->lock);
                     extern void mem_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t len);
                     mem_memcpy(win->comp_pixels, win->pixels, (size_t)win->w * (win->h - 20) * 4);
+                    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&win->lock, win_rflags);
                 }
                 wm_mark_dirty(win->x + (int)params[0], win->y + (int)params[1], (int)params[2], (int)params[3]);
             }
+            wm_lock_release(rflags);
         } else if (cmd == GUI_CMD_GET_EVENT) {
             Window *win = (Window *)arg2;
             gui_event_t *ev_out = (gui_event_t *)arg3;
@@ -806,33 +909,35 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
             const char *mode = (const char *)arg3;
             if (!path || !mode) return -1;
             
-            FAT32_FileHandle *fh = fat32_open(path, mode);
+            // vfs_open now handles normalization internally with process_get_current()
-            if (!fh) return -1;
+            // but let's be explicit if we can.
+            vfs_file_t *vf = vfs_open(path, mode);
+            if (!vf) return -1;
             
             for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PROCESS_FDS; i++) {
                 if (proc->fds[i] == NULL) {
-                    proc->fds[i] = fh;
+                    proc->fds[i] = vf;
                     return (uint64_t)i;
                 }
             }
-            fat32_close(fh);
+            vfs_close(vf);
             return -1;
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_READ) {
             int fd = (int)arg2;
             void *buf = (void *)arg3;
             uint32_t len = (uint32_t)arg4;
             if (fd < 0 || fd >= MAX_PROCESS_FDS || !proc->fds[fd]) return -1;
-            return (uint64_t)fat32_read((FAT32_FileHandle*)proc->fds[fd], buf, (int)len);
+            return (uint64_t)vfs_read((vfs_file_t*)proc->fds[fd], buf, (int)len);
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_WRITE) {
             int fd = (int)arg2;
             const void *buf = (const void *)arg3;
             uint32_t len = (uint32_t)arg4;
             if (fd < 0 || fd >= MAX_PROCESS_FDS || !proc->fds[fd]) return -1;
-            return (uint64_t)fat32_write((FAT32_FileHandle*)proc->fds[fd], buf, (int)len);
+            return (uint64_t)vfs_write((vfs_file_t*)proc->fds[fd], buf, (int)len);
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_CLOSE) {
             int fd = (int)arg2;
             if (fd < 0 || fd >= MAX_PROCESS_FDS || !proc->fds[fd]) return -1;
-            fat32_close((FAT32_FileHandle*)proc->fds[fd]);
+            vfs_close((vfs_file_t*)proc->fds[fd]);
             proc->fds[fd] = NULL;
             return 0;
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_SEEK) {
@@ -840,49 +945,107 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
             int offset = (int)arg3;
             int whence = (int)arg4; // 0=SET, 1=CUR, 2=END
             if (fd < 0 || fd >= MAX_PROCESS_FDS || !proc->fds[fd]) return -1;
-            return (uint64_t)fat32_seek((FAT32_FileHandle*)proc->fds[fd], offset, whence);
+            return (uint64_t)vfs_seek((vfs_file_t*)proc->fds[fd], offset, whence);
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_TELL) {
             int fd = (int)arg2;
             if (fd < 0 || fd >= MAX_PROCESS_FDS || !proc->fds[fd]) return -1;
-            return (uint64_t)((FAT32_FileHandle*)proc->fds[fd])->position;
+            return (uint64_t)vfs_file_position((vfs_file_t*)proc->fds[fd]);
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_SIZE) {
             int fd = (int)arg2;
             if (fd < 0 || fd >= MAX_PROCESS_FDS || !proc->fds[fd]) return -1;
-            return (uint64_t)((FAT32_FileHandle*)proc->fds[fd])->size;
+            return (uint64_t)vfs_file_size((vfs_file_t*)proc->fds[fd]);
-        }
+        } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_GETCWD) {
- else if (cmd == FS_CMD_LIST) {
+            char *buf = (char *)arg2;
+            int size = (int)arg3;
+            if (!buf || size <= 0) return -1;
+            int len = (int)k_strlen(proc->cwd);
+            if (len >= size) return -1;
+            k_strcpy(buf, proc->cwd);
+            return (uint64_t)len;
+        } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_CHDIR) {
             const char *path = (const char *)arg2;
-            FAT32_FileInfo *entries = (FAT32_FileInfo *)arg3;
+            if (!path) return -1;
+            char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+            vfs_normalize_path(proc->cwd, path, normalized);
+            if (vfs_is_directory(normalized)) {
+                k_strcpy(proc->cwd, normalized);
+                return 0;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_LIST) {
+            const char *path = (const char *)arg2;
+            FAT32_FileInfo *u_entries = (FAT32_FileInfo *)arg3;
             int max_entries = (int)arg4;
-            if (!path || !entries) return -1;
+            if (!path || !u_entries) return -1;
-            return (uint64_t)fat32_list_directory(path, entries, max_entries);
+            
+            char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+            vfs_normalize_path(proc->cwd, path, normalized);
+            
+            // Safety cap for kernel allocation
+            if (max_entries > 256) max_entries = 256;
+            if (max_entries <= 0) return 0;
+            
+            vfs_dirent_t *v_entries = (vfs_dirent_t *)kmalloc(sizeof(vfs_dirent_t) * max_entries);
+            if (!v_entries) return -1;
+            
+            int count = vfs_list_directory(normalized, v_entries, max_entries);
+            if (count > 0) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                    // Direct copy as layouts are now aligned
+                    k_strcpy(u_entries[i].name, v_entries[i].name);
+                    u_entries[i].size = v_entries[i].size;
+                    u_entries[i].is_directory = v_entries[i].is_directory;
+                    u_entries[i].start_cluster = v_entries[i].start_cluster;
+                    u_entries[i].write_date = v_entries[i].write_date;
+                    u_entries[i].write_time = v_entries[i].write_time;
+                }
+            }
+            kfree(v_entries);
+            return (uint64_t)count;
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_DELETE) {
             const char *path = (const char *)arg2;
             if (!path) return -1;
-            return fat32_delete(path) ? 0 : -1;
+            char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+            vfs_normalize_path(proc->cwd, path, normalized);
+            return vfs_delete(normalized) ? 0 : -1;
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_GET_INFO) {
             const char *path = (const char *)arg2;
-            FAT32_FileInfo *info = (FAT32_FileInfo *)arg3;
+            FAT32_FileInfo *u_info = (FAT32_FileInfo *)arg3;
-            if (!path || !info) return -1;
+            if (!path || !u_info) return -1;
-            extern int fat32_get_info(const char *path, FAT32_FileInfo *info);
+            
-            return (uint64_t)fat32_get_info(path, info);
+            char normalized[VFS_MAX_PATH];
+            vfs_normalize_path(proc->cwd, path, normalized);
+            
+            vfs_dirent_t v_info;
+            int res = vfs_get_info(normalized, &v_info);
+            if (res == 0) {
+                k_strcpy(u_info->name, v_info.name);
+                u_info->size = v_info.size;
+                u_info->is_directory = v_info.is_directory;
+                u_info->start_cluster = v_info.start_cluster;
+                u_info->write_date = v_info.write_date;
+                u_info->write_time = v_info.write_time;
+            }
+            return (uint64_t)res;
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_MKDIR) {
             const char *path = (const char *)arg2;
             if (!path) return -1;
-            return fat32_mkdir(path) ? 0 : -1;
+            return vfs_mkdir(path) ? 0 : -1;
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_EXISTS) {
             const char *path = (const char *)arg2;
             if (!path) return 0;
-            return fat32_exists(path) ? 1 : 0;
+            return vfs_exists(path) ? 1 : 0;
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_GETCWD) {
             char *buf = (char *)arg2;
             int size = (int)arg3;
             if (!buf) return -1;
+            extern void fat32_get_current_dir(char *buf, int size);
             fat32_get_current_dir(buf, size);
             return 0;
         } else if (cmd == FS_CMD_CHDIR) {
             const char *path = (const char *)arg2;
             if (!path) return -1;
+            extern bool fat32_chdir(const char *path);
             return fat32_chdir(path) ? 0 : -1;
         }
         return 0;
@@ -1009,15 +1172,6 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
             extern void k_beep(int freq, int ms);
             k_beep(freq, ms);
             return 0;
-        } else if (cmd == 15) { // SYSTEM_CMD_MEMINFO
-            uint64_t *out = (uint64_t *)arg2;
-            if (!out) return -1;
-            MemStats stats = memory_get_stats();
-            out[0] = stats.total_memory;
-            out[1] = stats.used_memory;
-            return 0;
-        } else if (cmd == 16) { // SYSTEM_CMD_UPTIME
-            return wm_get_ticks();
         } else if (cmd == 17) { // SYSTEM_CMD_PCI_LIST
             typedef struct {
                 uint16_t vendor;
@@ -1178,48 +1332,7 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
             size_t max_len = (size_t)arg3;
             extern int network_tcp_recv_nb(void *buf, size_t max_len);
             return (uint64_t)network_tcp_recv_nb(buf, max_len);
-        } else if (cmd == SYSTEM_CMD_PROCESS_LIST) {
+            return -1;
-            ProcessInfo *out = (ProcessInfo *)arg2;
-            int max_procs = (int)arg3;
-            if (!out) return 0;
-            
-            extern process_t processes[];
-            
-            // Dynamically calculate kernel usage as: Total System Used - User Process Sum
-            MemStats stats = memory_get_stats();
-            size_t total_used = stats.used_memory;
-            size_t user_used = 0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                if (processes[i].pid != 0xFFFFFFFF && processes[i].pid != 0) {
-                    user_used += processes[i].used_memory;
-                }
-            }
-            if (total_used > user_used) processes[0].used_memory = total_used - user_used;
-            else processes[0].used_memory = 0;
-            
-            int count = 0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { // MAX_PROCESSES is 16
-                if (processes[i].pid != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
-                    out[count].pid = processes[i].pid;
-                    extern void mem_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t len);
-                    mem_memcpy(out[count].name, processes[i].name, 64);
-                    out[count].ticks = processes[i].ticks;
-                    
-                    out[count].used_memory = processes[i].used_memory;
-                    
-                    count++;
-                    if (count >= max_procs) break;
-                }
-            }
-            return (uint64_t)count;
-        } else if (cmd == SYSTEM_CMD_GET_CPU_MODEL) {
-            char *user_buf = (char *)arg2;
-            if (!user_buf) return -1;
-            char model[64];
-            platform_get_cpu_model(model);
-            extern void mem_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t len);
-            mem_memcpy(user_buf, model, 49);
-            return 0;
         } else if (cmd == 47) { // SYSTEM_CMD_SET_RESOLUTION
             uint16_t req_w = (uint16_t)arg2;
             uint16_t req_h = (uint16_t)arg3;
@@ -1258,11 +1371,36 @@ static uint64_t syscall_handler_inner(registers_t *regs) {
                 return 0;
             }
             return -1;
-        } else if (cmd == 49) { // SYSTEM_CMD_GET_OS_INFO
+            return -1;
-            os_info_t *info = (os_info_t *)arg2;
+        } else if (cmd == SYSTEM_CMD_PARALLEL_RUN) {
-            if (!info) return -1;
+            void (*user_fn)(void*) = (void (*)(void*))arg2;
-            extern void get_os_info(os_info_t *info);
+            void **args = (void **)arg3;
-            get_os_info(info);
+            int count = (int)arg4;
+
+            if (count <= 0) return 0;
+            if (count > 64) count = 64; 
+
+            volatile int completion_counter = count;
+            uint64_t current_pml4 = proc->pml4_phys;
+
+            smp_user_task_t tasks[64];
+            
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                tasks[i].fn = user_fn;
+                tasks[i].arg = args[i];
+                tasks[i].pml4_phys = current_pml4;
+                tasks[i].completion_counter = &completion_counter;
+                
+                extern void work_queue_submit(void (*fn)(void*), void *arg);
+                work_queue_submit(smp_user_wrapper, &tasks[i]);
+            }
+
+            extern bool work_queue_drain_one(void);
+            while (completion_counter > 0) {
+                if (!work_queue_drain_one()) {
+                    asm volatile("pause");
+                }
+            }
             return 0;
         }
         return -1;

src/sys/syscall.h

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-// Forward declarations
 typedef struct Window Window;
 typedef struct registers_t registers_t;
 
@@ -53,11 +52,9 @@ typedef struct {
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_SET_RAW_MODE 41
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_TCP_RECV_NB 42
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_YIELD 43
-#define SYSTEM_CMD_PROCESS_LIST 44
-#define SYSTEM_CMD_GET_CPU_MODEL 45
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_SLEEP 46
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_SET_RESOLUTION 47
-#define SYSTEM_CMD_GET_OS_INFO 49
+#define SYSTEM_CMD_PARALLEL_RUN 50
 
 void syscall_init(void);
 uint64_t syscall_handler_c(registers_t *regs);

src/sys/sysfs_init.c

@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+#include "kernel_subsystem.h"
+#include "smp.h"
+#include "pci.h"
+#include "memory_manager.h"
+#include "module_manager.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "core/kutils.h"
+#include "wm/graphics.h"
+#include "core/platform.h"
+#include "dev/disk.h"
+
+// --- Helper: itoa ---
+static void sys_itoa(int n, char *s) {
+    k_itoa(n, s);
+}
+
+// --- Graphics Implementation ---
+static int read_gfx_drm(char *buf, int size, int offset) {
+    char out[512];
+    k_memset(out, 0, 512);
+    k_strcpy(out, "Driver: Simple Framebuffer\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Resolution: ");
+    char s[32]; k_itoa(get_screen_width(), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "x");
+    k_itoa(get_screen_height(), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\nDepth: ");
+    k_itoa(graphics_get_fb_bpp(), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " bpp\nAddress: 0x");
+    k_itoa_hex(graphics_get_fb_addr(), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+
+    int len = (int)k_strlen(out);
+    if (offset >= len) return 0;
+    int to_copy = len - offset;
+    if (to_copy > size) to_copy = size;
+    k_memcpy(buf, out + offset, to_copy);
+    return to_copy;
+}
+
+// --- Memory Tracking Implementation ---
+static int read_mem_tracking(char *buf, int size, int offset) {
+    MemStats stats = memory_get_stats();
+    char out[1024];
+    k_memset(out, 0, 1024);
+    
+    k_strcpy(out, "--- Kernel Heap Tracking ---\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "Allocated Blocks: ");
+    char s[32]; k_itoa(stats.allocated_blocks, s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\nFragmentation: ");
+    k_itoa(stats.fragmentation_percent, s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "%\n");
+
+    int len = (int)k_strlen(out);
+    if (offset >= len) return 0;
+    int to_copy = len - offset;
+    if (to_copy > size) to_copy = size;
+    k_memcpy(buf, out + offset, to_copy);
+    return to_copy;
+}
+
+// --- Module Implementation ---
+static int read_sys_modules(char *buf, int size, int offset) {
+    int count = module_manager_get_count();
+    char out[2048] = "Loaded Modules:\n";
+    
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        kernel_module_t *mod = module_manager_get_index(i);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  - ");
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), mod->name);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " (");
+        char sz_s[16]; k_itoa(mod->size / 1024, sz_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), sz_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " KB)\n");
+    }
+
+    int len = k_strlen(out);
+    if (offset >= len) return 0;
+    int to_copy = len - offset;
+    if (to_copy > size) to_copy = size;
+    k_memcpy(buf, out + offset, to_copy);
+    return to_copy;
+}
+
+// --- PCI Bus Implementation ---
+static int read_pci_bus(char *buf, int size, int offset) {
+    pci_device_t devices[64];
+    int count = pci_enumerate_devices(devices, 64);
+    
+    char out[4096];
+    k_memset(out, 0, 4096);
+    k_strcpy(out, "PCI Bus Devices:\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        char line[128];
+        k_strcpy(line, " [");
+        char b_s[8]; k_itoa(devices[i].bus, b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), ":");
+        k_itoa(devices[i].device, b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), ":");
+        k_itoa(devices[i].function, b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), "] Vendor:");
+        k_itoa_hex(devices[i].vendor_id, b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), " Device:");
+        k_itoa_hex(devices[i].device_id, b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), " Class:");
+        k_itoa_hex(devices[i].class_code, b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), b_s);
+        k_strcpy(line + k_strlen(line), "\n");
+        
+        if (k_strlen(out) + k_strlen(line) < 4095) {
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), line);
+        }
+    }
+
+    int len = (int)k_strlen(out);
+    if (offset >= len) return 0;
+    int to_copy = len - offset;
+    if (to_copy > size) to_copy = size;
+    k_memcpy(buf, out + offset, to_copy);
+    return to_copy;
+}
+
+// --- CPU System Implementation ---
+static int read_cpu_info(char *buf, int size, int offset) {
+    char *out = (char*)kmalloc(16384);
+    if (!out) return 0;
+    out[0] = 0;
+    
+    char vendor[16];
+    char model[64];
+    char flags[1024];
+    cpu_info_t info;
+    
+    platform_get_cpu_vendor(vendor);
+    platform_get_cpu_model(model);
+    platform_get_cpu_info(&info);
+    platform_get_cpu_flags(flags);
+    
+    uint32_t cpu_count = smp_cpu_count();
+    
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cpu_count; i++) {
+        char c_s[32];
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "processor\t: ");
+        k_itoa(i, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "vendor_id\t: ");
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), vendor);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "cpu family\t: ");
+        k_itoa(info.family, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "model\t\t: ");
+        k_itoa(info.model, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "model name\t: ");
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), model);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "stepping\t: ");
+        k_itoa(info.stepping, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "microcode\t: 0x");
+        char hex[16];
+        int temp = info.microcode;
+        int hex_pos = 0;
+        for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) {
+            int digit = (temp >> (j * 4)) & 0xF;
+            hex[hex_pos++] = digit < 10 ? '0' + digit : 'a' + (digit - 10);
+        }
+        hex[hex_pos] = '\0';
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), hex);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "cache size\t: ");
+        k_itoa(info.cache_size, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " KB\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "physical id\t: 0\n");
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "siblings\t: ");
+        k_itoa(cpu_count, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "core id\t\t: ");
+        k_itoa(i, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "cpu cores\t: ");
+        k_itoa(cpu_count, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "apicid\t\t: ");
+        k_itoa(i, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "initial apicid\t: ");
+        k_itoa(i, c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), c_s);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "fpu\t\t: yes\n");
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "fpu_exception\t: yes\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "cpuid level\t: 13\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "wp\t\t: yes\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "flags\t\t: ");
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), flags);
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "bugs\t\t: \n");
+        k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "bogomips\t: 4800.00\n");
+        
+        if (i < cpu_count - 1) {
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        }
+    }
+    
+    int len = (int)k_strlen(out);
+    if (offset >= len) { kfree(out); return 0; }
+    int to_copy = len - offset;
+    if (to_copy > size) to_copy = size;
+    k_memcpy(buf, out + offset, to_copy);
+    kfree(out);
+    return to_copy;
+}
+
+// --- Devices Implementation ---
+static int read_sys_devices(char *buf, int size, int offset) {
+    char out[2048];
+    k_memset(out, 0, 2048);
+    
+    extern int disk_get_count(void);
+    extern Disk* disk_get_by_index(int index);
+    
+    int dcount = disk_get_count();
+    k_strcpy(out, "Block Devices:\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < dcount; i++) {
+        Disk *d = disk_get_by_index(i);
+        if (d && !d->is_partition) {
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  ");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), d->devname);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), " - ");
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), d->label);
+            k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+        }
+    }
+    
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\nCharacter Devices:\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  console - System console\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  tty - Terminal devices\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  psmouse - Mouse input\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  keyboard - Keyboard input\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  framebuffer - Framebuffer device\n");
+    
+    int len = (int)k_strlen(out);
+    if (offset >= len) return 0;
+    int to_copy = len - offset;
+    if (to_copy > size) to_copy = size;
+    k_memcpy(buf, out + offset, to_copy);
+    return to_copy;
+}
+
+// --- Class Implementation ---
+static int read_sys_class(char *buf, int size, int offset) {
+    char out[1024];
+    k_memset(out, 0, 1024);
+    
+    k_strcpy(out, "Classes:\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  block - Block device class\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  input - Input device class\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  tty - TTY device class\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  sound - Sound device class\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  video - Video device class\n");
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "  net - Network device class\n");
+    
+    int len = (int)k_strlen(out);
+    if (offset >= len) return 0;
+    int to_copy = len - offset;
+    if (to_copy > size) to_copy = size;
+    k_memcpy(buf, out + offset, to_copy);
+    return to_copy;
+}
+
+// --- GPIO Implementation ---
+static int read_gpio_debug(char *buf, int size, int offset) {
+    uint8_t p64 = inb(0x64);
+    char out[64] = "Port 0x64 Status: ";
+    char s[16]; k_itoa(p64, s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), s);
+    k_strcpy(out + k_strlen(out), "\n");
+    
+    int len = k_strlen(out);
+    if (offset >= len) return 0;
+    int to_copy = len - offset;
+    if (to_copy > size) to_copy = size;
+    k_memcpy(buf, out + offset, to_copy);
+    return to_copy;
+}
+
+void sysfs_init_subsystems(void) {
+    kernel_subsystem_t *kernel, *devices, *bus, *class, *debug, *mem_debug;
+    
+    subsystem_register("kernel", &kernel);
+    subsystem_register("devices", &devices);
+    subsystem_register("bus", &bus);
+    subsystem_register("class", &class);
+    subsystem_register("kernel/debug", &debug);
+    
+    // Devices info
+    subsystem_add_file(devices, "list", read_sys_devices, NULL);
+    
+    // Class info
+    subsystem_add_file(class, "list", read_sys_class, NULL);
+    
+    // CPU info
+    subsystem_add_file(kernel, "cpuinfo", read_cpu_info, NULL);
+    
+    // Bus info
+    kernel_subsystem_t *pci_bus;
+    subsystem_register("bus/pci", &pci_bus);
+    subsystem_add_file(pci_bus, "devices", read_pci_bus, NULL);
+
+    // Module info
+    kernel_subsystem_t *modules_sub;
+    subsystem_register("module", &modules_sub);
+    subsystem_add_file(modules_sub, "loaded", read_sys_modules, NULL);
+
+    // Memory Tracking
+    subsystem_register("kernel/debug/memory", &mem_debug);
+    subsystem_add_file(mem_debug, "tracking", read_mem_tracking, NULL);
+    
+    // Graphics DRM
+    kernel_subsystem_t *gfx_debug;
+    subsystem_register("kernel/debug/graphics", &gfx_debug);
+    subsystem_add_file(gfx_debug, "drm", read_gfx_drm, NULL);
+
+    // GPIO
+    subsystem_add_file(debug, "gpio", read_gpio_debug, NULL);
+}

src/sys/work_queue.c

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#include "work_queue.h"
+#include "spinlock.h"
+
+extern void serial_write(const char *str);
+
+#define WORK_QUEUE_SIZE 64
+
+static work_item_t work_queue[WORK_QUEUE_SIZE];
+static volatile int wq_head = 0;
+static volatile int wq_tail = 0;
+static spinlock_t wq_lock = SPINLOCK_INIT;
+
+void work_queue_submit(work_fn_t fn, void *arg) {
+    if (!fn) return;
+
+    uint64_t flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&wq_lock);
+    int next_tail = (wq_tail + 1) % WORK_QUEUE_SIZE;
+    if (next_tail == wq_head) {
+        // Queue full — drop the work item
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&wq_lock, flags);
+        return;
+    }
+    work_queue[wq_tail].fn = fn;
+    work_queue[wq_tail].arg = arg;
+    wq_tail = next_tail;
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&wq_lock, flags);
+}
+
+bool work_queue_drain_one(void) {
+    uint64_t flags = spinlock_acquire_irqsave(&wq_lock);
+    if (wq_head == wq_tail) {
+        spinlock_release_irqrestore(&wq_lock, flags);
+        return false;
+    }
+    work_item_t item = work_queue[wq_head];
+    wq_head = (wq_head + 1) % WORK_QUEUE_SIZE;
+    spinlock_release_irqrestore(&wq_lock, flags);
+
+    // Execute outside the lock
+    if (item.fn) {
+        item.fn(item.arg);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void work_queue_drain_loop(void) {
+    while (1) {
+        // Try to drain all pending work
+        while (work_queue_drain_one()) {
+            // Keep draining
+        }
+        
+        // No work — halt the CPU until an interrupt wakes us.
+        // With legacy PIC, APs don't receive timer interrupts, so they'll
+        // sleep until an IPI is sent (e.g., when work is submitted).
+        // This is ideal: APs use 0% CPU when idle.
+        asm volatile("sti; hlt; cli");
+    }
+}

src/sys/work_queue.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+#ifndef WORK_QUEUE_H
+#define WORK_QUEUE_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "spinlock.h"
+
+// A simple work queue for offloading tasks to idle AP cores.
+// Producer (BSP or any core) calls work_queue_submit().
+// Consumer (AP idle loops) calls work_queue_drain_loop().
+
+typedef void (*work_fn_t)(void *arg);
+
+typedef struct {
+    work_fn_t fn;
+    void *arg;
+} work_item_t;
+
+// Submit a work item. Thread-safe (uses spinlock internally).
+void work_queue_submit(work_fn_t fn, void *arg);
+
+// Drain and execute all pending work items, then hlt until more arrive.
+// Called from AP idle loops. Never returns.
+void work_queue_drain_loop(void);
+
+// Drain one item (if available). Returns true if work was done.
+// Useful for BSP to optionally help if idle.
+bool work_queue_drain_one(void);
+
+#endif

src/userland/Makefile

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LDFLAGS = -m elf_x86_64 -nostdlib -static -no-pie -Ttext=0x40000000 --no-dynamic
 BIN_DIR = bin
 
 LIBC_SOURCES = $(wildcard libc/*.c)
-LIBC_OBJS = $(patsubst libc/%.c, $(BIN_DIR)/%.o, $(LIBC_SOURCES)) $(BIN_DIR)/crt0.o
+LIBC_OBJS = $(patsubst libc/%.c, $(BIN_DIR)/%.o, $(LIBC_SOURCES)) $(BIN_DIR)/crt0.o $(BIN_DIR)/libwidget.o
 
 VPATH = cli gui sys games libc net
 vpath %.c cli gui sys games libc net
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ $(BIN_DIR)/crt0.o: crt0.asm
 $(BIN_DIR)/%.o: libc/%.c
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 
+$(BIN_DIR)/libwidget.o: ../wm/libwidget.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
 $(BIN_DIR)/stb_image.o: stb_image.c
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 

src/userland/cli/man.c

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     printf("Manual for: %s\n", argv[1]);
     printf("---------------------------\n");
     
-    strcpy(path, "A:/Library/man/");
+    strcpy(path, "/Library/man/");
     strcat(path, argv[1]);
     strcat(path, ".txt");
     

src/userland/cli/sysfetch.c

@@ -9,15 +9,6 @@
 #define MAX_ASCII_WIDTH 80
 #define MAX_INFO_LINES 10
 
-static char* strchr(const char *s, int c) {
-    while (*s != (char)c) {
-        if (!*s++) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    return (char *)s;
-}
-
 static char* strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n) {
     size_t i;
     for (i = 0; i < n && src[i] != '\0'; i++) dest[i] = src[i];
@@ -117,7 +108,7 @@ static char* trim(char *str) {
 }
 
 static void set_config_defaults() {
-    strcpy(config.ascii_art_file, "A:/Library/art/boredos.txt");
+    strcpy(config.ascii_art_file, "/Library/art/boredos.txt");
     strcpy(config.user_host_string, "root@boredos");
     strcpy(config.separator, "------------");
     strcpy(config.os_label, "OS");
@@ -160,7 +151,7 @@ static void parse_config(char* buffer) {
 
 static void load_config() {
     set_config_defaults();
-    int fd = sys_open("A:/Library/conf/sysfetch.cfg", "r");
+    int fd = sys_open("/Library/conf/sysfetch.cfg", "r");
     if (fd < 0) return;
 
     char *buffer = malloc(4096);
@@ -237,52 +228,82 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     if (config.separator[0]) {
         strcpy(info_lines[info_line_count++], config.separator);
     }
-    os_info_t os_info;
+    // Helper for proc parsing
-    sys_get_os_info(&os_info);
+    auto int find_v(const char *b, const char *k) {
+        char *p = (char*)b; int kl = strlen(k);
+        while (*p) {
+            if (memcmp(p, k, kl) == 0 && p[kl] == ':') {
+                p += kl + 1; while (*p == ' ') p++; return atoi(p);
+            }
+            while (*p && *p != '\n') p++; if (*p == '\n') p++;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int fd_v = sys_open("/proc/version", "r");
+    char v_buf[512];
+    if (fd_v >= 0) {
+        int b = sys_read(fd_v, v_buf, 511);
+        v_buf[b] = 0;
+        sys_close(fd_v);
+    } else strcpy(v_buf, "Unknown");
 
     if (config.os_label[0]) {
         strcpy(info_lines[info_line_count], config.os_label);
         strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], ": ");
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], os_info.os_name);
+        // Parse "BoredOS [codename] Version X.Y.Z"
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], " V");
+        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], v_buf);
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], os_info.os_version);
+        // Truncate at newline
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], " '");
+        char *nl = strchr(info_lines[info_line_count], '\n');
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], os_info.os_codename);
+        if (nl) *nl = 0;
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], "'");
         info_line_count++;
     }
     if (config.kernel_label[0]) {
         strcpy(info_lines[info_line_count], config.kernel_label);
         strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], ": ");
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], os_info.kernel_name);
+        char *kstart = strchr(v_buf, '\n');
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], " V");
+        if (kstart) {
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], os_info.kernel_version);
+            strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], kstart + 1);
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], " ");
+            char *knext = strchr(info_lines[info_line_count], '\n');
-        strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], os_info.build_arch);
+            if (knext) *knext = 0;
+        } else strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], "Unknown");
         info_line_count++;
     }
     if (config.uptime_label[0]) {
-        uint64_t ticks = sys_system(16, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        int fd_u = sys_open("/proc/uptime", "r");
-        int minutes = ticks / 3600; // 60Hz timer
+        if (fd_u >= 0) {
+            char u_buf[64];
+            int b = sys_read(fd_u, u_buf, 63);
+            u_buf[b] = 0;
+            sys_close(fd_u);
+            int sec = atoi(u_buf);
+            int mins = sec / 60;
             strcpy(info_lines[info_line_count], config.uptime_label);
             strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], ": ");
-        itoa(minutes, temp_buf);
+            itoa(mins, temp_buf);
             strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], temp_buf);
             strcat(info_lines[info_line_count++], " mins");
         }
+    }
     if (config.shell_label[0]) {
         strcpy(info_lines[info_line_count], config.shell_label);
         strcat(info_lines[info_line_count++], ": bsh");
     }
     if (config.memory_label[0]) {
-        uint64_t mem[2];
+        int fd_m = sys_open("/proc/meminfo", "r");
-        if (sys_system(15, (uint64_t)mem, 0, 0, 0) == 0) {
+        if (fd_m >= 0) {
+            char m_buf[512];
+            int b = sys_read(fd_m, m_buf, 511);
+            m_buf[b] = 0;
+            sys_close(fd_m);
+            int total = find_v(m_buf, "MemTotal");
+            int used = find_v(m_buf, "MemUsed");
             strcpy(info_lines[info_line_count], config.memory_label);
             strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], ": ");
-            itoa((int)(mem[1] / 1024 / 1024), temp_buf);
+            itoa(used / 1024, temp_buf);
             strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], temp_buf);
             strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], "MiB / ");
-            itoa((int)(mem[0] / 1024 / 1024), temp_buf);
+            itoa(total / 1024, temp_buf);
             strcat(info_lines[info_line_count], temp_buf);
             strcat(info_lines[info_line_count++], "MiB");
         }

src/userland/games/doom/boredos_libc.c

@@ -149,26 +149,12 @@ char *strrchr(const char *s, int c) {
     if (c == 0) last = s;
     return (char*)last;
 }
-char *strchr(const char *s, int c) {
-    while (*s) { if (*s == c) return (char*)s; s++; }
-    if (c == 0) return (char*)s;
-    return NULL;
-}
 char *strdup(const char *s) {
     size_t len = strlen(s) + 1;
     char *dup = malloc(len);
     if (dup) memcpy(dup, s, len);
     return dup;
 }
-char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
-    size_t n = strlen(needle);
-    if (!n) return (char *)haystack;
-    while (*haystack) {
-        if (!strncmp(haystack, needle, n)) return (char *)haystack;
-        haystack++;
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
 
 int toupper(int c) { return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ? c - 32 : c; }
 int tolower(int c) { return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? c + 32 : c; }

src/userland/games/doom/doomgeneric.vcxproj

@@ -1,339 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
-  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
-    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
-      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
-      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
-    </ProjectConfiguration>
-    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
-      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
-      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
-    </ProjectConfiguration>
-    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
-      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
-      <Platform>x64</Platform>
-    </ProjectConfiguration>
-    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
-      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
-      <Platform>x64</Platform>
-    </ProjectConfiguration>
-  </ItemGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
-    <VCProjectVersion>15.0</VCProjectVersion>
-    <ProjectGuid>{95A126D2-CC94-4840-BF05-80305041B5FB}</ProjectGuid>
-    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
-    <RootNamespace>doomgeneric</RootNamespace>
-    <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
-    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
-    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
-    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
-    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
-    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
-    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
-    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
-    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
-    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
-    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
-    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
-    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
-    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
-    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
-    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
-    <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset>
-    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
-    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
-  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
-  </ImportGroup>
-  <ImportGroup Label="Shared">
-  </ImportGroup>
-  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
-    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
-  </ImportGroup>
-  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
-    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
-  </ImportGroup>
-  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
-    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
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-  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
-    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
-  </ImportGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
-    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
-    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
-    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
-    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
-    <ClCompile>
-      <PrecompiledHeader>NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
-      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
-      <SDLCheck>false</SDLCheck>
-      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
-      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
-      <DisableSpecificWarnings>4146;4996</DisableSpecificWarnings>
-    </ClCompile>
-    <Link>
-      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
-      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
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-  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
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-      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
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-      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
-      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
-      <DisableSpecificWarnings>4146;4996</DisableSpecificWarnings>
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-  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
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-      <PrecompiledHeader>NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
-      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
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-      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
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-      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
-      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
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-      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
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-      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
-      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
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-  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="am_map.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="doomdef.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="doomgeneric.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="doomgeneric_win.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="doomstat.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="dstrings.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="dummy.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="d_event.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="d_items.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="d_iwad.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="d_loop.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="d_main.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="d_mode.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="d_net.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="f_finale.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="f_wipe.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="gusconf.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="g_game.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="hu_lib.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="hu_stuff.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="icon.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="info.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="i_cdmus.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="i_endoom.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="i_input.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="i_joystick.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="i_scale.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="i_sound.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="i_system.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="i_timer.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="i_video.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="memio.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="m_argv.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="m_bbox.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="m_cheat.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="m_config.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="m_controls.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="m_fixed.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="m_menu.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="m_misc.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="m_random.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_ceilng.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_doors.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_enemy.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_floor.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_inter.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_lights.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_map.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_maputl.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_mobj.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_plats.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_pspr.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_saveg.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_setup.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_sight.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_spec.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_switch.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_telept.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_tick.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="p_user.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="r_bsp.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="r_data.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="r_draw.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="r_main.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="r_plane.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="r_segs.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="r_sky.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="r_things.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="sha1.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="sounds.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="statdump.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="st_lib.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="st_stuff.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="s_sound.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="tables.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="v_video.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="wi_stuff.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="w_checksum.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="w_file.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="w_file_stdc.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="w_main.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="w_wad.c" />
-    <ClCompile Include="z_zone.c" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <ClInclude Include="am_map.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="config.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="deh_main.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="deh_misc.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="deh_str.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="doom.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="doomdata.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="doomdef.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="doomfeatures.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="doomgeneric.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="doomkeys.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="doomstat.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="doomtype.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="dstrings.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_englsh.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_event.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_items.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_iwad.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_loop.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_main.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_mode.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_player.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_textur.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_think.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="d_ticcmd.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="f_finale.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="f_wipe.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="gusconf.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="g_game.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="hu_lib.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="hu_stuff.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="info.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="i_cdmus.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="i_endoom.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="i_joystick.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="i_scale.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="i_sound.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="i_swap.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="i_system.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="i_timer.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="i_video.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="memio.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="m_argv.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="m_bbox.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="m_cheat.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="m_config.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="m_controls.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="m_fixed.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="m_menu.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="m_misc.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="m_random.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_client.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_dedicated.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_defs.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_gui.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_io.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_loop.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_packet.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_query.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_sdl.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="net_server.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="p_inter.h" />
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src/userland/games/doom/doomgeneric.vcxproj.filters

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src/userland/games/doom/doomgeneric_boredos.c

@@ -6,26 +6,13 @@
 static ui_window_t doom_win = 0;
 
 void DG_Init(void) {
-    doom_win = ui_window_create("Yes, it's DOOM.", (1920 - DOOMGENERIC_RESX) / 2, (1080 - DOOMGENERIC_RESY) / 2, DOOMGENERIC_RESX, DOOMGENERIC_RESY);
+    doom_win = ui_window_create("DOOM", (1920 - DOOMGENERIC_RESX) / 2, (1080 - DOOMGENERIC_RESY) / 2, DOOMGENERIC_RESX, DOOMGENERIC_RESY);
 }
 
 static uint32_t scaled_buffer[600 * 900]; // DOOMGENERIC_RESX * DOOMGENERIC_RESY
 
 void DG_DrawFrame(void) {
     if (doom_win) {
-        // Doom's internal rendering is always 320x200.
-        // But doomgeneric seems to expect DOOMGENERIC_RESX x DOOMGENERIC_RESY.
-        // Actually, if we set DOOMGENERIC_RESX = 600, doom builds its internal tables based on DOOMGENERIC_RESX.
-        // Wait, Doom's standard resolution is 320x200. Let's find out what DG_ScreenBuffer dimensions are.
-        // According to Doom source, SCREENWIDTH and SCREENHEIGHT define the buffer size.
-        // So DG_ScreenBuffer is indeed DOOMGENERIC_RESX x DOOMGENERIC_RESY.
-        // However, the issue shown in the image is that the *game itself* only drew a 320x200 or 640x400 block in the corner!
-        
-        // So the image wasn't scaled by Doom. Let's let LibUI do the scaling!
-        // We will tell Doom its resolution is 640x400 (which it knows how to handle correctly for the 16:10 aspect ratio),
-        // but we'll scale it to 600x900 (or whatever window size) before sending it to ui_draw_image.
-        
-        // Wait, ui_draw_image doesn't scale natively yet. Let's do nearest-neighbor scaling.
         int src_w = 640;
         int src_h = 400;
         int dst_w = DOOMGENERIC_RESX;
@@ -52,8 +39,19 @@ void DG_SleepMs(uint32_t ms) {
 }
 
 uint32_t DG_GetTicksMs(void) {
-    uint64_t ticks = sys_system(16, 0, 0, 0, 0); // SYSTEM_CMD_UPTIME = 16 (100Hz)
+    int fd = sys_open("/proc/uptime", "r");
-    return (uint32_t)(ticks * 10);
+    if (fd < 0) return 0;
+    char buf[128];
+    int bytes = sys_read(fd, buf, 127);
+    sys_close(fd);
+    if (bytes <= 0) return 0;
+    buf[bytes] = 0;
+
+    char *p = strstr(buf, "Raw_Ticks:");
+    if (!p) return 0;
+    uint32_t ticks = atoi(p + 10);
+    // 60Hz to ms: ticks * 1000 / 60 = ticks * 50 / 3
+    return (ticks * 50) / 3;
 }
 
 void DG_SetWindowTitle(const char * title) {
@@ -121,7 +119,7 @@ int DG_GetKey(int* pressed, unsigned char* key) {
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     (void)argc;
     (void)argv;
-    char* fake_argv[] = {"doom", "-iwad", "A:/Library/DOOM/doom1.wad"};
+    char* fake_argv[] = {"doom", "-iwad", "/Library/DOOM/doom1.wad"};
     doomgeneric_Create(3, fake_argv);
 
     while (1) {

src/userland/gui/about.c

@@ -95,36 +95,39 @@ static void about_paint(ui_window_t win) {
     draw_ascii_logo(win, 14, offset_y);
     
     int fh = ui_get_font_height();
-    os_info_t os_info;
+    int fd_v = sys_open("/proc/version", "r");
-    sys_get_os_info(&os_info);
+    char v_buf[1024]; v_buf[0] = 0;
+    if (fd_v >= 0) {
+        int b = sys_read(fd_v, v_buf, 1023);
+        v_buf[b] = 0;
+        sys_close(fd_v);
+    }
 
-    char os_name_str[128];
+    char os_name_str[128] = "Unknown OS";
-    os_name_str[0] = 0;
+    char os_version_str[128] = "Unknown Version";
-    strcat(os_name_str, os_info.os_name);
+    char kernel_version_str[128] = "Unknown Kernel";
-    strcat(os_name_str, " '");
+    char build_date_str[128] = "Unknown Build";
-    strcat(os_name_str, os_info.os_codename);
-    strcat(os_name_str, "'");
 
-    char os_version_str[128];
+    if (v_buf[0]) {
-    os_version_str[0] = 0;
+        char *line1 = v_buf;
-    strcat(os_version_str, os_info.os_name);
+        char *line2 = strchr(line1, '\n'); if (line2) { *line2 = 0; line2++; }
-    strcat(os_version_str, " Version ");
+        char *line3 = line2 ? strchr(line2, '\n') : NULL; if (line3) { *line3 = 0; line3++; }
-    strcat(os_version_str, os_info.os_version);
 
-    char kernel_version_str[128];
+        strcpy(os_name_str, line1);
-    kernel_version_str[0] = 0;
+        if (line2) {
-    strcat(kernel_version_str, os_info.kernel_name);
+            strcpy(os_version_str, line2);
-    strcat(kernel_version_str, " Version ");
+        }
-    strcat(kernel_version_str, os_info.kernel_version);
+        if (line3) {
-    strcat(kernel_version_str, " ");
+            strcpy(kernel_version_str, line3);
-    strcat(kernel_version_str, os_info.build_arch);
+            char *line4 = strchr(line3, '\n');
-
+            if (line4) {
-    char build_date_str[128];
+                *line4 = 0; line4++;
-    build_date_str[0] = 0;
+                strcpy(build_date_str, line4);
-    strcat(build_date_str, "Build Date: ");
+                char *line5 = strchr(build_date_str, '\n');
-    strcat(build_date_str, os_info.build_date);
+                if (line5) *line5 = 0;
-    strcat(build_date_str, " ");
+            }
-    strcat(build_date_str, os_info.build_time);
+        }
+    }
 
     ui_draw_string(win, offset_x, offset_y + 105, os_name_str, 0xFFFFFFFF);
     ui_draw_string(win, offset_x, offset_y + 105 + fh, os_version_str, 0xFFFFFFFF);

src/userland/gui/boredword.c

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "libc/syscall.h"
 #include "libc/libui.h"
 #include "libc/stdlib.h"
+#include "../../wm/libwidget.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
 
 #define COLOR_DARK_PANEL  0xFF202020
@@ -90,8 +91,30 @@ static char open_filename[256] = "";
 static _Bool file_modified = 0;
 static int scroll_y = 0;
 
-static _Bool is_dragging_scrollbar = 0;
+static widget_scrollbar_t doc_scrollbar;
-static int scrollbar_drag_offset_y = 0;
+
+static void word_draw_rect(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, uint32_t color) {
+    ui_draw_rect((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, w, h, color);
+}
+static void word_draw_rounded_rect_filled(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, int r, uint32_t color) {
+    ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, w, h, r, color);
+}
+static void word_draw_string(void *user_data, int x, int y, const char *str, uint32_t color) {
+    ui_draw_string((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, str, color);
+}
+
+static widget_context_t word_ctx = {
+    .user_data = 0,
+    .draw_rect = word_draw_rect,
+    .draw_rounded_rect_filled = word_draw_rounded_rect_filled,
+    .draw_string = word_draw_string,
+    .mark_dirty = NULL
+};
+
+static void word_on_scroll(void *user_data, int new_scroll_y) {
+    (void)user_data;
+    scroll_y = new_scroll_y;
+}
 
 static _Bool is_in_selection(int p, int r, int c);
 
@@ -1301,20 +1324,13 @@ static void draw_document(ui_window_t win) {
     set_active_font(win, 0);
     
     int content_h = current_page * (page_h + 20) + page_h + 20;
-    if (content_h > win_h - 40) {
+    doc_scrollbar.x = win_w - 12;
-        int sb_x = win_w - 12;
+    doc_scrollbar.y = 40;
-        int sb_w = 12;
+    doc_scrollbar.w = 12;
-        int sb_h = win_h - 40;
+    doc_scrollbar.h = win_h - 40;
-        float ratio = (float)(win_h - 40) / (float)content_h;
+    doc_scrollbar.on_scroll = word_on_scroll;
-        int thumb_h = (int)(sb_h * ratio);
+    widget_scrollbar_update(&doc_scrollbar, content_h, scroll_y);
-        if (thumb_h < 20) thumb_h = 20;
+    widget_scrollbar_draw(&word_ctx, &doc_scrollbar);
-        int max_scroll = content_h - (win_h - 40);
-        if (scroll_y > max_scroll) scroll_y = max_scroll;
-        int thumb_y = 40 + (int)(((float)scroll_y / max_scroll) * (sb_h - thumb_h));
-        
-        ui_draw_rect(win, sb_x, 40, sb_w, sb_h, 0xFF303030);
-        ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled(win, sb_x+2, thumb_y+2, sb_w-4, thumb_h-4, 4, 0xFF606060);
-    }
 }
 
 static void ensure_cursor_visible(ui_window_t win) {
@@ -1645,32 +1661,8 @@ static void handle_click(ui_window_t win, int x, int y) {
             }
         }
         content_h = dummy_page * (page_h + 20) + page_h + 20;
-
+        widget_scrollbar_update(&doc_scrollbar, content_h, scroll_y);
-        int sb_x = win_w - 12;
+        if (widget_scrollbar_handle_mouse(&doc_scrollbar, x, y, true, NULL)) {
-        int sb_w = 12;
-        int sb_h = win_h - 40;
-        int thumb_y = 40;
-        int thumb_h = 0;
-        int max_scroll = 0;
-        if (content_h > win_h - 40) {
-            float ratio = (float)(win_h - 40) / (float)content_h;
-            thumb_h = (int)(sb_h * ratio);
-            if (thumb_h < 20) thumb_h = 20;
-            max_scroll = content_h - (win_h - 40);
-            if (scroll_y > max_scroll) scroll_y = max_scroll;
-            thumb_y = 40 + (int)(((float)scroll_y / max_scroll) * (sb_h - thumb_h));
-        }
-
-        if (content_h > win_h - 40 && x >= sb_x && x < sb_x + sb_w) {
-            if (y >= thumb_y && y < thumb_y + thumb_h) {
-                is_dragging_scrollbar = 1;
-                scrollbar_drag_offset_y = y - thumb_y;
-            } else {
-                if (y < thumb_y) scroll_y -= (win_h - 40);
-                else scroll_y += (win_h - 40);
-                if (scroll_y < 0) scroll_y = 0;
-                if (scroll_y > max_scroll) scroll_y = max_scroll;
-            }
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1848,12 +1840,15 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     (void)argv;
     ui_window_t win = ui_window_create("BoredWord", 100, 100, win_w, win_h);
     if (!win) return 1;
+    word_ctx.user_data = (void*)win;
     ui_window_set_resizable(win, 1);
 
     load_fonts();
     set_active_font(win, 0);
     init_doc();
     
+    widget_scrollbar_init(&doc_scrollbar, win_w - 12, 40, 12, win_h - 40);
+    
     if (argc > 1) {
         load_file(win, argv[1]);
     }
@@ -1892,61 +1887,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
                 needs_repaint = 1;
             } else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_UP) {
                 is_dragging = 0;
-                is_dragging_scrollbar = 0;
+                widget_scrollbar_handle_mouse(&doc_scrollbar, ev.arg1, ev.arg2, false, NULL);
                 needs_repaint = 1;
             } else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_MOVE) {
-                if (is_dragging_scrollbar) {
+                if (doc_scrollbar.is_dragging) {
-                    int pw, ph; get_page_size(&pw, &ph);
+                    widget_scrollbar_handle_mouse(&doc_scrollbar, ev.arg1, ev.arg2, true, NULL);
-                    int doc_view_w = win_w - 40;
-                    float scale = (float)doc_view_w / (float)pw; if (scale > 1.0f) scale = 1.0f;
-                    int page_w = (int)(pw * scale);
-                    int page_h = (int)(ph * scale);
-
-                    int content_h = 0;
-                    int dummy_y = 10; int dummy_page = 0;
-                    for(int p=0; p<para_count; p++) {
-                        Paragraph *para = &paragraphs[p]; int start_run = 0; int start_char = 0;
-                        while(start_run < para->run_count) {
-                            int max_h = 16; int end_run = start_run; int end_char = start_char; int line_w = 0;
-                            int r_idx = start_run; int c_idx = start_char; int last_space_run = -1; int last_space_char = -1; int last_space_w = 0;
-                            while(r_idx < para->run_count) {
-                                TextRun *run = &para->runs[r_idx]; set_active_font(win, run->font_idx);
-                                int fh = ui_get_font_height_scaled(run->font_size); if (fh > max_h) max_h = fh;
-                                while(c_idx < run->len) {
-                                    char buf[2] = {run->text[c_idx], 0}; int cw = ui_get_string_width_scaled(buf, run->font_size);
-                                    if (run->text[c_idx] == ' ') { last_space_run = r_idx; last_space_char = c_idx; last_space_w = line_w + cw; }
-                                    if (line_w + cw > page_w - 20) break;
-                                    line_w += cw; c_idx++;
-                                }
-                                if (c_idx < run->len) break;
-                                r_idx++; c_idx = 0;
-                            }
-                            if (r_idx < para->run_count || (r_idx == para->run_count - 1 && c_idx < para->runs[r_idx].len)) {
-                                if (last_space_run != -1 && (last_space_run > start_run || last_space_char > start_char)) { end_run = last_space_run; end_char = last_space_char; line_w = last_space_w; }
-                                else { end_run = r_idx; end_char = c_idx; }
-                            } else { end_run = para->run_count; end_char = 0; }
-                            int line_h = (int)(max_h * para->spacing) + 4;
-                            if (dummy_y + line_h > dummy_page * (page_h + 20) + page_h - 10) { dummy_page++; dummy_y = dummy_page * (page_h + 20) + 10; }
-                            dummy_y += line_h; start_run = end_run; start_char = end_char;
-                            if (start_run < para->run_count && para->runs[start_run].text[start_char] == ' ') { start_char++; if (start_char >= para->runs[start_run].len) { start_char = 0; start_run++; } }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    content_h = dummy_page * (page_h + 20) + page_h + 20;
-                    
-                    if (content_h > win_h - 40) {
-                        int sb_h = win_h - 40;
-                        float ratio = (float)(win_h - 40) / (float)content_h;
-                        int thumb_h = (int)(sb_h * ratio);
-                        if (thumb_h < 20) thumb_h = 20;
-                        int max_scroll = content_h - (win_h - 40);
-                        
-                        int new_thumb_y = ev.arg2 - scrollbar_drag_offset_y;
-                        if (new_thumb_y < 40) new_thumb_y = 40;
-                        if (new_thumb_y > 40 + sb_h - thumb_h) new_thumb_y = 40 + sb_h - thumb_h;
-                        
-                        scroll_y = (int)(((float)(new_thumb_y - 40) / (sb_h - thumb_h)) * max_scroll);
                     needs_repaint = 1;
-                    }
                 } else if (is_dragging && ev.arg2 >= 40 && active_dialog == 0 && active_dropdown == 0) {
                     handle_click(win, ev.arg1, ev.arg2);
                     needs_repaint = 1;

src/userland/gui/browser.c

@@ -32,19 +32,6 @@ static int win_h = 960;
 static char history_stack[HISTORY_MAX][512];
 static int history_count = 0;
 
-static char* strstr(const char* haystack, const char* needle) {
-    if (!*needle) return (char*)haystack;
-    for (; *haystack; haystack++) {
-        const char *h = haystack;
-        const char *n = needle;
-        while (*h && *n && *h == *n) {
-            h++; n++;
-        }
-        if (!*n) return (char*)haystack;
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
 static char* str_istrstr(const char* haystack, const char* needle) {
     if (!*needle) return (char*)haystack;
     for (; *haystack; haystack++) {
@@ -113,6 +100,7 @@ typedef struct {
     float scale;
     int list_depth;
     int blockquote_depth; 
+    int attr_w;
     bool img_loading;
     bool img_failed;
     uint32_t **img_frames;
@@ -137,6 +125,42 @@ static int scroll_y = 0;
 static int total_content_height = 0;
 static int focused_element = -1; 
 
+#include "../../wm/libwidget.h"
+
+static void browser_draw_rect(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, uint32_t color) {
+    ui_draw_rect((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, w, h, color);
+}
+static void browser_draw_rounded_rect_filled(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, int r, uint32_t color) {
+    ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, w, h, r, color);
+}
+static void browser_draw_string(void *user_data, int x, int y, const char *str, uint32_t color) {
+    ui_draw_string((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, str, color);
+}
+static int browser_measure_string_width(void *user_data, const char *str) {
+    (void)user_data;
+    return (int)ui_get_string_width(str);
+}
+static void browser_mark_dirty(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
+    ui_mark_dirty((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, w, h);
+}
+
+static widget_context_t browser_ctx = {
+    .draw_rect = browser_draw_rect,
+    .draw_rounded_rect_filled = browser_draw_rounded_rect_filled,
+    .draw_string = browser_draw_string,
+    .measure_string_width = browser_measure_string_width,
+    .mark_dirty = browser_mark_dirty
+};
+
+static widget_scrollbar_t browser_scrollbar;
+static void browser_on_scroll(void *user_data, int new_scroll_y) {
+    (void)user_data;
+    scroll_y = new_scroll_y;
+}
+static widget_textbox_t url_tb;
+static widget_button_t btn_back;
+static widget_button_t btn_home;
+
 static void parse_html(const char *html);
 static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len);
 static void browser_reflow(void);
@@ -219,6 +243,9 @@ static int parse_ip(const char* str, net_ipv4_address_t* ip) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+static char dns_cache_host[256] = "";
+static net_ipv4_address_t dns_cache_ip;
+
 static int fetch_content(const char *url, char *dest_buf, int max_len, bool progressive) {
     const char* host_start = url;
     if (url[0] == 'h' && url[1] == 't' && url[2] == 't' && url[3] == 'p') {
@@ -253,7 +280,13 @@ static int fetch_content(const char *url, char *dest_buf, int max_len, bool prog
     
     net_ipv4_address_t ip;
     if (parse_ip(hostname, &ip) != 0) {
+        if (str_iequals(hostname, dns_cache_host)) {
+            ip = dns_cache_ip;
+        } else {
             if (sys_dns_lookup(hostname, &ip) != 0) return 0;
+            int k=0; while(hostname[k]) { dns_cache_host[k] = hostname[k]; k++; } dns_cache_host[k] = 0;
+            dns_cache_ip = ip;
+        }
     }
     
     if (sys_tcp_connect(&ip, port) != 0) return 0;
@@ -280,18 +313,100 @@ static int fetch_content(const char *url, char *dest_buf, int max_len, bool prog
     int total = 0;
     int last_render = 0;
     if (progressive) inc_parse_offset = 0; 
+    long long last_data_tick = sys_system(16, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
     while (1) {
-        int len = sys_tcp_recv(dest_buf + total, max_len - 1 - total);
+        int len = sys_tcp_recv_nb(dest_buf + total, max_len - 1 - total);
-        if (len <= 0) break;
+        if (len < 0 && len != -2) break;
+        if (len == -2) break;
+        
+        if (len == 0) {
+            long long now = sys_system(16, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+            if (now > last_data_tick + 1800) break; // 30 sec timeout
+            
+            gui_event_t ev;
+            bool scrolled = false;
+            while (ui_get_event(win_browser, &ev)) {
+                if (ev.type == 9) { // GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_WHEEL
+                    scroll_y += ev.arg1 * 20;
+                    scrolled = true;
+                } else if (ev.type == 12) { // GUI_EVENT_CLOSE
+                    sys_exit(0);
+                } else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN || ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_UP || ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_MOVE) {
+                    bool is_down = (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN || (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_MOVE && browser_scrollbar.is_dragging));
+                    if (widget_scrollbar_handle_mouse(&browser_scrollbar, ev.arg1, ev.arg2, is_down, &browser_ctx)) {
+                        scroll_y = browser_scrollbar.scroll_y;
+                        scrolled = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (scrolled) {
+                int max_scroll = total_content_height - (win_h - URL_BAR_H);
+                if (max_scroll < 0) max_scroll = 0;
+                if (scroll_y > max_scroll) scroll_y = max_scroll;
+                if (scroll_y < 0) scroll_y = 0;
+                browser_reflow(); // Needs reflow in case of dimensions changing, but mostly just paint
+                browser_paint(); 
+                ui_mark_dirty(win_browser, 0, 0, win_w, win_h);
+            }
+            sleep(10);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        last_data_tick = sys_system(16, 0, 0, 0, 0);
         total += len;
         if (total >= max_len - 1) break;
 
+        dest_buf[total] = 0;
+        char *body = strstr(dest_buf, "\r\n\r\n");
+        if (body) {
+            char temp = body[0];
+            body[0] = 0; // Null-terminate headers
+
+            int expected = -1;
+            char *cl = str_istrstr(dest_buf, "Content-Length:");
+            if (cl) {
+                cl += 15;
+                while (*cl == ' ') cl++;
+                expected = 0;
+                while (*cl >= '0' && *cl <= '9') {
+                    expected = expected * 10 + (*cl - '0');
+                    cl++;
+                }
+            }
+            
+            int is_chunked = 0;
+            char *te = str_istrstr(dest_buf, "Transfer-Encoding:");
+            if (te && str_istrstr(te, "chunked")) {
+                is_chunked = 1;
+            }
+
+            body[0] = temp; // Restore body
+            
+            body += 4;
+            int body_len = total - (body - dest_buf);
+            
+            if (expected != -1) {
+                if (body_len >= expected) break;
+            } else if (is_chunked) {
+                if (total >= 5 && dest_buf[total-5] == '0' && dest_buf[total-4] == '\r' && 
+                    dest_buf[total-3] == '\n' && dest_buf[total-2] == '\r' && dest_buf[total-1] == '\n') {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if (progressive && total - last_render > 32768) {
             dest_buf[total] = 0;
             char *body = strstr(dest_buf, "\r\n\r\n");
             if (body) {
+                char temp = body[0];
+                body[0] = 0;
+                int is_chunked = strstr(dest_buf, "Transfer-Encoding: chunked") != NULL;
+                body[0] = temp;
+                
                 body += 4;
-                if (!strstr(dest_buf, "Transfer-Encoding: chunked")) {
+                if (!is_chunked) {
                     int body_len = total - (body - dest_buf);
                     int safe_len = body_len;
                     while (safe_len > 0 && body[safe_len - 1] != '>') safe_len--;
@@ -333,8 +448,13 @@ static void decode_image(unsigned char *data, int len, RenderElement *el) {
 
     if (rgba && img_w_orig > 0 && img_h_orig > 0) {
         int fit_w = img_w_orig; int fit_h = img_h_orig;
+        if (el->attr_w > 0) {
+            fit_w = el->attr_w;
+            fit_h = (img_h_orig * fit_w) / img_w_orig;
+        } else {
             if (fit_w > win_w - 60) { fit_h = fit_h * (win_w - 60) / fit_w; fit_w = win_w - 60; }
             if (fit_h > 400) { fit_w = fit_w * 400 / fit_h; fit_h = 400; }
+        }
         
         if (frame_count > 1 && delays) {
             el->img_frames = malloc(frame_count * sizeof(uint32_t *));
@@ -479,6 +599,7 @@ static int inc_list_type[16];
 static int inc_list_index[16];
 static int inc_center_depth = 0;
 static int inc_table_depth = 0;
+static int inc_table_float_depth = 0;
 static int inc_blockquote_depth = 0; 
 static bool inc_is_bold = false;
 static bool inc_is_italic = false;
@@ -521,7 +642,7 @@ static void flush_line(void) {
         if (el->tag == TAG_IMG && el->img_h + 10 > max_h) max_h = el->img_h + 10;
         if ((el->tag == TAG_INPUT || el->tag == TAG_BUTTON) && 20 + 10 > max_h) max_h = 20 + 10;
         if (el->tag == TAG_NONE) {
-            int fh = ui_get_font_height_scaled(el->scale);
+            int fh = el->h;
             if (fh + 4 > max_h) max_h = fh + 4;
             if (fh > max_baseline) max_baseline = fh;
         }
@@ -531,7 +652,7 @@ static void flush_line(void) {
         RenderElement *el = &elements[line_elements[i]];
         el->x = offset_x;
         if (el->tag == TAG_NONE) {
-            int fh = ui_get_font_height_scaled(el->scale);
+            int fh = el->h;
             el->y = cur_line_y + (max_baseline - fh); 
         } else {
             el->y = cur_line_y;
@@ -550,9 +671,41 @@ static void browser_reflow(void) {
     line_element_count = 0;
     total_content_height = 0;
     
+    int float_right_bottom_y = 0;
+    int float_start_idx = -1;
+    int float_start_y = 0;
+    
     for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) {
         RenderElement *el = &elements[i];
         
+        if (el->tag == 8) {
+            flush_line();
+            float_start_idx = i;
+            float_start_y = cur_line_y;
+            continue;
+        } else if (el->tag == 9) {
+            if (float_start_idx != -1) {
+                flush_line();
+                float_right_bottom_y = cur_line_y;
+                int float_offset = win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W - 320 - 10;
+                
+                elements[float_start_idx].x = float_offset > 0 ? float_offset + 10 : 10;
+                elements[float_start_idx].y = float_start_y;
+                elements[float_start_idx].w = 320;
+                elements[float_start_idx].h = cur_line_y - float_start_y;
+
+                if (float_offset > 0) {
+                    for (int j = float_start_idx; j < i; j++) {
+                        elements[j].x += float_offset;
+                    }
+                }
+                cur_line_y = float_start_y;
+                cur_line_x = 10;
+                float_start_idx = -1;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
         if (el->tag == TAG_BR) {
             flush_line();
             cur_line_x = 10 + (el->list_depth * 20) + (el->blockquote_depth * 20); 
@@ -562,18 +715,24 @@ static void browser_reflow(void) {
         if (el->tag == TAG_HR) {
             flush_line();
             el->w = win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W - 40 - (el->blockquote_depth * 40); 
+            if (float_start_idx != -1) el->w = 300 - 20;
+            else if (cur_line_y < float_right_bottom_y) el->w = win_w - 320 - SCROLL_BAR_W - 20;
             line_elements[line_element_count++] = i;
             flush_line();
             cur_line_x = 10 + (el->list_depth * 20) + (el->blockquote_depth * 20); 
             continue;
         }
         
+        int max_x = win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W - 20 - (el->blockquote_depth * 40);
+        if (float_start_idx != -1) max_x = 310;
+        else if (cur_line_y < float_right_bottom_y) max_x = win_w - 320 - SCROLL_BAR_W - 20;
+
         if (el->tag == TAG_NONE && el->content[0] == ' ' && el->content[1] == 0) {
             if (line_element_count == 0) continue;
-            if (cur_line_x + el->w > win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W - 20 - (el->blockquote_depth * 40)) continue;
+            if (cur_line_x + el->w > max_x) continue;
         }
 
-        if (cur_line_x + el->w > win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W - 20 - (el->blockquote_depth * 40)) {
+        if (cur_line_x + el->w > max_x) {
             flush_line();   
             cur_line_x = 10 + (el->list_depth * 20) + (el->blockquote_depth * 20); 
         }
@@ -714,7 +873,7 @@ static void parse_html(const char *html) {
     browser_clear();
     list_depth = 0;
     cur_line_y = 10; cur_line_x = 10; line_element_count = 0;
-    int i = 0; int center_depth = 0; int table_depth = 0; int blockquote_depth = 0; bool is_bold = false; bool is_italic = false; bool is_underline = false;
+    int i = 0; int center_depth = 0; int table_depth = 0; int table_float_depth = 0; int blockquote_depth = 0; bool is_bold = false; bool is_italic = false; bool is_underline = false;
     uint32_t current_color = COLOR_TEXT;
     char current_link[256] = "";
     float current_scale = 15.0f; float base_scale = 15.0f;
@@ -758,7 +917,14 @@ static void parse_html(const char *html) {
 
             if (tag_name[0] == '/') {
                 if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "center")) { emit_br(); if (center_depth > 0) center_depth--; }
-                else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "table")) { emit_br(); if (table_depth > 0) table_depth--; table_col = 0; }
+                else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "table")) { 
+                    emit_br();
+                    if (table_depth > 0 && table_depth == table_float_depth) {
+                        table_float_depth = 0;
+                        if (element_count < MAX_ELEMENTS) { RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++]; memset(el, 0, sizeof(RenderElement)); el->tag = 9; }
+                    }
+                    if (table_depth > 0) table_depth--; table_col = 0; 
+                }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "tr")) { emit_br(); table_col = 0; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "td") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "th")) { 
                     table_col++;
@@ -796,7 +962,7 @@ static void parse_html(const char *html) {
                     current_form_id = 0; current_form_action[0] = 0;
                 }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "a")) current_link[0] = 0;
-                else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "p") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "li") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "div") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "address")) emit_br();
+                else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "p") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "li") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "div") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "address")) { emit_br(); }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "pre") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "xmp") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "listing")) { emit_br(); is_pre = false; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "font") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "tt") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "code") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "samp") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "kbd")) {
                     if (font_ptr > 0) {
@@ -816,7 +982,17 @@ static void parse_html(const char *html) {
                 }
             } else {
                 if (str_iequals(tag_name, "center")) { emit_br(); center_depth++; }
-                else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "table")) { emit_br(); table_depth++; table_col = 0; }
+                else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "table")) { 
+                    emit_br(); table_depth++; table_col = 0; 
+                    if (str_istrstr(attr_buf, "align=\"right\"") && table_float_depth == 0) {
+                        table_float_depth = table_depth;
+                        if (element_count < MAX_ELEMENTS) { 
+                            RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++]; memset(el, 0, sizeof(RenderElement)); el->tag = 8;
+                            char *bg_str = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "bgcolor=\"");
+                            if (bg_str) el->color = parse_html_color(bg_str + 9);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "tr")) { emit_br(); table_col = 0; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "td") || str_iequals(tag_name, "th")) {
                     if (table_col > 0) {
@@ -920,7 +1096,9 @@ static void parse_html(const char *html) {
                     }
                 }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "br")) emit_br();
-                else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "p") || str_iequals(tag_name, "div")) emit_br();
+                else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "p") || str_iequals(tag_name, "div")) {
+                    emit_br();
+                }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "pre")) { emit_br(); is_pre = true; current_scale = 14.0f; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "li")) {
                     emit_br();
@@ -983,6 +1161,8 @@ static void parse_html(const char *html) {
                     RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++];
                     memset(el, 0, sizeof(RenderElement));
                     el->tag = TAG_IMG; el->w = 100; el->h = 80; el->centered = EFF_CENTER;
+                    char *width_str = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "width=\"");
+                    if (width_str) { int w = atoi(width_str + 7); if (w > 0) el->attr_w = w; }
                     char *src = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "src=\"");
                     if (src) {
                         src += 5; int l = 0;
@@ -995,6 +1175,8 @@ static void parse_html(const char *html) {
                     RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++];
                     memset(el, 0, sizeof(RenderElement));
                     el->tag = TAG_INPUT; el->w = 160; el->h = 20; el->centered = EFF_CENTER;
+                    char *size_str = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "size=\"");
+                    if (size_str) { int sz = atoi(size_str + 6); if (sz > 0) el->w = sz * 8; }
                     char *val = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "value=\"");
                     char *ph = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "placeholder=\"");
                     char *type = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "type=\"");
@@ -1145,7 +1327,7 @@ static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len) {
         browser_clear();
         list_depth = 0;
         cur_line_y = 10; cur_line_x = 10; line_element_count = 0;
-        inc_center_depth = 0; inc_table_depth = 0; inc_blockquote_depth = 0; 
+        inc_center_depth = 0; inc_table_depth = 0; inc_table_float_depth = 0; inc_blockquote_depth = 0; 
         inc_is_bold = false; inc_is_italic = false; inc_is_underline = false;
         inc_current_color = COLOR_TEXT; inc_current_link[0] = 0;
         inc_current_scale = 15.0f; inc_base_scale = 15.0f;
@@ -1162,6 +1344,7 @@ static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len) {
     int i = inc_parse_offset;
     int center_depth = inc_center_depth;
     int table_depth = inc_table_depth;
+    int table_float_depth = inc_table_float_depth;
     int blockquote_depth = inc_blockquote_depth;
     bool is_bold = inc_is_bold;
     bool is_italic = inc_is_italic;
@@ -1207,7 +1390,14 @@ static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len) {
 
             if (tag_name[0] == '/') {
                 if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "center")) { emit_br(); if (center_depth > 0) center_depth--; }
-                else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "table")) { emit_br(); if (table_depth > 0) table_depth--; table_col = 0; }
+                else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "table")) { 
+                    emit_br();
+                    if (table_depth > 0 && table_depth == table_float_depth) {
+                        table_float_depth = 0;
+                        if (element_count < MAX_ELEMENTS) { RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++]; memset(el, 0, sizeof(RenderElement)); el->tag = 9; }
+                    }
+                    if (table_depth > 0) table_depth--; table_col = 0; 
+                }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "tr")) { emit_br(); table_col = 0; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "td") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "th")) {
                     table_col++;
@@ -1235,7 +1425,7 @@ static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len) {
                 else if (tag_name[1] == 'h' && tag_name[2] >= '1' && tag_name[2] <= '6') { emit_br(); emit_br(); is_bold = false; is_italic = false; is_underline = false; base_scale = 15.0f; current_scale = 15.0f; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "form")) { emit_br(); current_form_id = 0; current_form_action[0] = 0; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "a")) current_link[0] = 0;
-                else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "p") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "li") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "div")) emit_br();
+                else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "p") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "li") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "div")) { emit_br(); }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "pre") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "xmp") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "listing")) { emit_br(); is_pre = false; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name+1, "font") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "tt") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "code") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "samp") || str_iequals(tag_name+1, "kbd")) {
                     if (inc_font_ptr > 0) {
@@ -1255,7 +1445,17 @@ static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len) {
                 }
                 } else {
                 if (str_iequals(tag_name, "center")) { emit_br(); center_depth++; }
-                else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "table")) { emit_br(); table_depth++; table_col = 0; }
+                else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "table")) { 
+                    emit_br(); table_depth++; table_col = 0; 
+                    if (str_istrstr(attr_buf, "align=\"right\"") && table_float_depth == 0) {
+                        table_float_depth = table_depth;
+                        if (element_count < MAX_ELEMENTS) { 
+                            RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++]; memset(el, 0, sizeof(RenderElement)); el->tag = 8;
+                            char *bg_str = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "bgcolor=\"");
+                            if (bg_str) el->color = parse_html_color(bg_str + 9);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "tr")) { emit_br(); table_col = 0; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "td") || str_iequals(tag_name, "th")) {
                     if (table_col > 0) {
@@ -1314,10 +1514,13 @@ static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len) {
                     }
                 }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "br")) emit_br();
-                else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "p") || str_iequals(tag_name, "div")) emit_br();
+                else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "p") || str_iequals(tag_name, "div")) { 
+                    emit_br();
+                }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "pre")) { emit_br(); is_pre = true; current_scale = 14.0f; }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "li")) {
-                    emit_br(); RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++]; memset(el, 0, sizeof(RenderElement));
+                    emit_br();
+                    RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++]; memset(el, 0, sizeof(RenderElement));
                     el->tag = TAG_NONE; if (list_depth > 0 && list_type[list_depth - 1] == 1) { char num[16]; itoa(list_index[list_depth - 1]++, num); int l=0; while(num[l]) { el->content[l] = num[l]; l++; } el->content[l++] = '.'; el->content[l++] = ' '; el->content[l] = 0; }
                     else if (list_depth > 0 && list_type[list_depth - 1] == 2) { el->content[0] = ' '; el->content[1] = 0; } else { el->content[0] = (char)130; el->content[1] = ' '; el->content[2] = 0; }
                     el->w = ui_get_string_width_scaled(el->content, current_scale); el->h = ui_get_font_height_scaled(current_scale); el->color = current_color; el->centered = EFF_CENTER; el->bold = is_bold; el->scale = current_scale; el->list_depth = list_depth; el->blockquote_depth = blockquote_depth;
@@ -1330,11 +1533,13 @@ static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len) {
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "hr")) { emit_br(); RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++]; for (int k=0; k<(int)sizeof(RenderElement); k++) ((char*)el)[k] = 0; el->tag = TAG_HR; el->list_depth = list_depth; el->blockquote_depth = blockquote_depth; el->h = 10; el->centered = true; emit_br(); }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "img")) {
                     RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++]; for (int k=0; k<(int)sizeof(RenderElement); k++) ((char*)el)[k] = 0; el->tag = TAG_IMG; el->w = 100; el->h = 80; el->centered = EFF_CENTER;
+                    char *width_str = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "width=\""); if (width_str) { int w = atoi(width_str + 7); if (w > 0) el->attr_w = w; }
                     char *src = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "src=\""); if (src) { src += 5; int l = 0; while(src[l] && src[l] != '"' && l < 255) { el->attr_value[l] = src[l]; l++; } el->attr_value[l] = 0; el->img_loading = true; }
                     el->blockquote_depth = blockquote_depth;
                 }
                 else if (str_iequals(tag_name, "input")) {
                     RenderElement *el = &elements[element_count++]; for (int k=0; k<(int)sizeof(RenderElement); k++) ((char*)el)[k] = 0; el->tag = TAG_INPUT; el->w = 160; el->h = 20; el->centered = EFF_CENTER;
+                    char *size_str = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "size=\""); if (size_str) { int sz = atoi(size_str + 6); if (sz > 0) el->w = sz * 8; }
                     char *val = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "value=\""); char *ph = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "placeholder=\""); char *type = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "type=\""); char *name = str_istrstr(attr_buf, "name=\"");
                     el->form_id = current_form_id; el->input_cursor = 0; el->input_scroll = 0; int l; l = 0; while(current_form_action[l]) { el->form_action[l] = current_form_action[l]; l++; } el->form_action[l] = 0;
                     if (name) { name += 6; l = 0; while(name[l] && name[l] != '"' && l < 63) { el->input_name[l] = name[l]; l++; } el->input_name[l] = 0; } else { l = 0; const char *dn = "q"; while(dn[l]) { el->input_name[l] = dn[l]; l++; } el->input_name[l] = 0; }
@@ -1420,7 +1625,7 @@ static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len) {
     }
     emit_br();
 
-    inc_parse_offset = i; inc_center_depth = center_depth; inc_table_depth = table_depth; inc_blockquote_depth = blockquote_depth;
+    inc_parse_offset = i; inc_center_depth = center_depth; inc_table_depth = table_depth; inc_table_float_depth = table_float_depth; inc_blockquote_depth = blockquote_depth;
     inc_is_bold = is_bold; inc_is_italic = is_italic; inc_is_underline = is_underline; inc_current_color = current_color;
     { int k=0; while(current_link[k]) { inc_current_link[k] = current_link[k]; k++; } inc_current_link[k] = 0; }
     inc_current_scale = current_scale; inc_base_scale = base_scale; inc_is_space_pending = is_space_pending;
@@ -1431,65 +1636,66 @@ static void parse_html_incremental(const char *html, int safe_len) {
 }
 
 static void browser_paint(void) {
+    browser_ctx.user_data = (void *)win_browser;
     ui_draw_rect(win_browser, 0, 0, win_w, win_h, COLOR_BG);
     
     for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) {
         RenderElement *el = &elements[i];
         int draw_y = el->y - scroll_y + URL_BAR_H;
-        if (draw_y < URL_BAR_H - 400 || draw_y > win_h) continue;
+        int el_h = el->h;
+        if (el->tag == TAG_IMG && el->img_h > el_h) el_h = el->img_h;
+        if (draw_y + el_h < URL_BAR_H || draw_y > win_h) continue;
+        
+        if (el->tag == 8) {
+            if (el->color != 0 && el->color != COLOR_BG) {
+                ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, el->w, el->h + 10, el->color);
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        
         if (el->tag == TAG_IMG) {
             uint32_t *pixels = el->img_pixels;
             if (el->img_frames) pixels = el->img_frames[el->img_current_frame];
             if (pixels) ui_draw_image(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, el->img_w, el->img_h, pixels);
             else ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, 100, 80, 0xFFCCCCCC);
         } else if (el->tag == TAG_INPUT) {
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, el->w, el->h, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = true;
-            uint32_t border = (focused_element == i) ? 0xFF0000FF : 0xFF808080;
+            char visible[128];
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, el->w, 1, border);
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y + el->h - 1, el->w, 1, border);
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, 1, el->h, border);
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x + el->w - 1, draw_y, 1, el->h, border);
-            
-            char visible[64];
             int v_len = 0;
             int max_v = (el->w - 10) / 8;
-            if (max_v > 63) max_v = 63;
+            if (max_v > 127) max_v = 127;
             for (int k = el->input_scroll; el->attr_value[k] && v_len < max_v; k++) {
                 visible[v_len++] = el->attr_value[k];
             }
             visible[v_len] = 0;
-            ui_draw_string(win_browser, el->x + 5, draw_y + 2, visible, (focused_element == i) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFF808080);
 
-            if (focused_element == i) {
+            widget_textbox_t tb;
-                int cursor_pos = el->input_cursor - el->input_scroll;
+            widget_textbox_init(&tb, el->x, draw_y, el->w, el->h, visible, max_v);
-                if (cursor_pos >= 0 && cursor_pos < max_v) {
+            tb.cursor_pos = el->input_cursor - el->input_scroll;
-                    char sub[64];
+            if (tb.cursor_pos < 0) tb.cursor_pos = 0;
-                    int k;
+            tb.focused = (focused_element == i);
-                    for (k = 0; k < cursor_pos && visible[k]; k++) sub[k] = visible[k];
+            widget_textbox_draw(&browser_ctx, &tb);
-                    sub[k] = 0;
+            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = false;
-                    int cx = ui_get_string_width(sub);
-                    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x + 5 + cx, draw_y + 16, 8, 2, 0xFF000000);
-                }
-            }
         } else if (el->tag == TAG_BUTTON) {
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, el->w, el->h, 0xFFDDDDDD);
+            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = true;
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, el->w, 1, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            widget_button_t btn;
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y + el->h - 1, el->w, 1, 0xFF888888);
+            widget_button_init(&btn, el->x, draw_y, el->w, el->h, el->attr_value);
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, 1, el->h, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            widget_button_draw(&browser_ctx, &btn);
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x + el->w - 1, draw_y, 1, el->h, 0xFF888888);
+            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = false;
-            ui_draw_string(win_browser, el->x + 10, draw_y + 4, el->attr_value, 0xFF000000);
         } else if (el->tag == TAG_RADIO) {
-            ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, el->w, el->h, el->w/2, 0xFF808080);
+            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = true;
-            ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled(win_browser, el->x + 1, draw_y + 1, el->w - 2, el->h - 2, (el->w-2)/2, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            widget_checkbox_t cb;
-            if (el->checked) {
+            widget_checkbox_init(&cb, el->x, draw_y, el->w, el->h, "", true);
-                ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled(win_browser, el->x + 4, draw_y + 4, el->w - 8, el->h - 8, (el->w-8)/2, 0xFF000000);
+            cb.checked = el->checked;
-            }
+            widget_checkbox_draw(&browser_ctx, &cb);
+            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = false;
         } else if (el->tag == TAG_CHECKBOX) {
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y, el->w, el->h, 0xFF808080);
+            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = true;
-            ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x + 1, draw_y + 1, el->w - 2, el->h - 2, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            widget_checkbox_t cb;
-            if (el->checked) {
+            widget_checkbox_init(&cb, el->x, draw_y, el->w, el->h, "", false);
-                ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x + 4, draw_y + 4, el->w - 8, el->h - 8, 0xFF000000);
+            cb.checked = el->checked;
-            }
+            widget_checkbox_draw(&browser_ctx, &cb);
+            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = false;
         } else if (el->tag == TAG_HR) {
             ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y + el->h / 2, el->w, 2, 0xFF888888);
             ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y + (el->h / 2) + 2, el->w, 1, 0xFFFFFFFF);
@@ -1504,47 +1710,37 @@ static void browser_paint(void) {
                 ui_draw_string_scaled(win_browser, el->x + 1, draw_y - 1, el->content, el->color, el->scale);
             }
             if (el->underline) {
-                int fh = ui_get_font_height_scaled(el->scale);
+                int fh = el->h;
                 ui_draw_rect(win_browser, el->x, draw_y + fh - 1, el->w, 1, el->color);
             }
         }
     }
 
     ui_draw_rect(win_browser, 0, 0, win_w, URL_BAR_H, COLOR_URL_BAR);
-    ui_draw_string(win_browser, 10, 8, url_input_buffer, COLOR_URL_TEXT);
+    
-    if (focused_element == -1) {
+    widget_textbox_init(&url_tb, 10, 5, win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W - BTN_W*2 - BTN_PAD*2 - 20, 20, url_input_buffer, 511);
-        char sub[512];
+    url_tb.cursor_pos = url_cursor;
-        int k;
+    url_tb.focused = (focused_element == -1);
-        for (k = 0; k < url_cursor && url_input_buffer[k]; k++) sub[k] = url_input_buffer[k];
+    widget_textbox_draw(&browser_ctx, &url_tb);
-        sub[k] = 0;
-        int cx = ui_get_string_width(sub);
-        ui_draw_rect(win_browser, 10 + cx, 22, 8, 2, COLOR_URL_TEXT);
-    }
 
     // Back button
     int btn_y = (URL_BAR_H - BTN_H) / 2;
-    uint32_t back_col = history_count > 0 ? 0xFF505050 : 0xFF404040;
+    widget_button_init(&btn_back, BACK_BTN_X, btn_y, BTN_W, BTN_H, "<");
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, BACK_BTN_X, btn_y, BTN_W, BTN_H, back_col);
+    widget_button_draw(&browser_ctx, &btn_back);
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, BACK_BTN_X, btn_y, BTN_W, 1, 0xFF606060);
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, BACK_BTN_X, btn_y, 1, BTN_H, 0xFF606060);
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, BACK_BTN_X, btn_y + BTN_H - 1, BTN_W, 1, 0xFF202020);
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, BACK_BTN_X + BTN_W - 1, btn_y, 1, BTN_H, 0xFF202020);
-    ui_draw_string(win_browser, BACK_BTN_X + 10, btn_y + 4, "<", history_count > 0 ? 0xFFFFFFFF : 0xFF808080);
 
     // Home button
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, HOME_BTN_X, btn_y, BTN_W, BTN_H, 0xFF505050);
+    widget_button_init(&btn_home, HOME_BTN_X, btn_y, BTN_W, BTN_H, "H");
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, HOME_BTN_X, btn_y, BTN_W, 1, 0xFF606060);
+    widget_button_draw(&browser_ctx, &btn_home);
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, HOME_BTN_X, btn_y, 1, BTN_H, 0xFF606060);
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, HOME_BTN_X, btn_y + BTN_H - 1, BTN_W, 1, 0xFF202020);
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, HOME_BTN_X + BTN_W - 1, btn_y, 1, BTN_H, 0xFF202020);
-    ui_draw_string(win_browser, HOME_BTN_X + 10, btn_y + 4, "H", 0xFFFFFFFF);
     
     // Scroll bar
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W, URL_BAR_H, SCROLL_BAR_W, win_h - URL_BAR_H, COLOR_SCROLL_BG);
+    int viewport_h = win_h - URL_BAR_H;
-    int thumb_h = (win_h - URL_BAR_H) * (win_h - URL_BAR_H) / (total_content_height > win_h ? total_content_height : win_h);
+    browser_scrollbar.x = win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W;
-    if (thumb_h < 20) thumb_h = 20;
+    browser_scrollbar.y = URL_BAR_H;
-    int thumb_y = URL_BAR_H + (scroll_y * (win_h - URL_BAR_H - thumb_h)) / (total_content_height > win_h - URL_BAR_H ? total_content_height - (win_h - URL_BAR_H) : 1);
+    browser_scrollbar.w = SCROLL_BAR_W;
-    ui_draw_rect(win_browser, win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W + 2, thumb_y, SCROLL_BAR_W - 4, thumb_h, COLOR_SCROLL_BTN);
+    browser_scrollbar.h = viewport_h;
+    browser_scrollbar.on_scroll = browser_on_scroll;
+    widget_scrollbar_update(&browser_scrollbar, total_content_height, scroll_y);
+    widget_scrollbar_draw(&browser_ctx, &browser_scrollbar);
 }
 
 static void navigate(const char *url) {
@@ -1593,34 +1789,53 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLICK) {
+            else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLICK || ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN || ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_UP || ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_MOVE) {
                 int mx = ev.arg1;
-                if (mx >= win_w - SCROLL_BAR_W) {
+                int my = ev.arg2;
-                    if (ev.arg2 < URL_BAR_H + (win_h - URL_BAR_H)/2) scroll_y -= 100;
+                bool is_down = (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN || (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_MOVE && browser_scrollbar.is_dragging));
-                    else scroll_y += 100;
+                bool is_click = (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLICK);
-                    if (scroll_y < 0) scroll_y = 0;
+                
+                int old_scroll = scroll_y;
+                bool was_dragging = browser_scrollbar.is_dragging;
+                if (widget_scrollbar_handle_mouse(&browser_scrollbar, mx, my, is_down, &browser_ctx)) {
+                    if (scroll_y != old_scroll || browser_scrollbar.is_dragging || was_dragging) {
+                        needs_repaint = true;
+                    }
+                    if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_MOVE) continue;
+                    if (is_down || is_click) continue;
+                }
+                
+                if (ev.type != GUI_EVENT_CLICK && ev.type != GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN) continue;
+
+                if (my < URL_BAR_H) {
+                    if (widget_textbox_handle_mouse(&url_tb, mx, my, is_click, NULL)) {
+                        focused_element = -1;
                         needs_repaint = true;
                         continue;
                     }
-                if (ev.arg2 < URL_BAR_H) {
+                    if (widget_button_handle_mouse(&btn_back, mx, my, is_down, is_click, NULL)) {
-                    // Check back button
+                        if (is_click && history_count > 0) {
-                    if (mx >= BACK_BTN_X && mx < BACK_BTN_X + BTN_W && history_count > 0) {
                             history_count--;
                             int j=0; while(history_stack[history_count][j]) { url_input_buffer[j] = history_stack[history_count][j]; j++; } url_input_buffer[j] = 0; url_cursor = j;
                             navigate(url_input_buffer); scroll_y = 0; focused_element = -1;
+                        }
                         needs_repaint = true; continue;
                     }
-                    // Check home button
+                    if (widget_button_handle_mouse(&btn_home, mx, my, is_down, is_click, NULL)) {
-                    if (mx >= HOME_BTN_X && mx < HOME_BTN_X + BTN_W) {
+                        if (is_click) {
                             if (history_count < HISTORY_MAX) { int j=0; while(url_input_buffer[j]) { history_stack[history_count][j] = url_input_buffer[j]; j++; } history_stack[history_count][j] = 0; history_count++; }
                             const char *home = "http://find.boreddev.nl";
                             int j=0; while(home[j]) { url_input_buffer[j] = home[j]; j++; } url_input_buffer[j] = 0; url_cursor = j;
                             navigate(url_input_buffer); scroll_y = 0; focused_element = -1;
+                        }
                         needs_repaint = true; continue;
                     }
-                    focused_element = -1; needs_repaint = true; continue;
+                    if (is_click) {
+                        focused_element = -1; needs_repaint = true; 
                     }
-                int my = ev.arg2 - URL_BAR_H + scroll_y;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                my = ev.arg2 - URL_BAR_H + scroll_y;
                 bool found = false;
                 for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) {
                     RenderElement *el = &elements[i];
@@ -1637,15 +1852,38 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
                         if (el->tag == TAG_RADIO) {
                             for (int k = 0; k < element_count; k++) {
                                 if (elements[k].tag == TAG_RADIO && elements[k].form_id == el->form_id && str_iequals(elements[k].input_name, el->input_name)) {
+                                    if (elements[k].checked) {
                                         elements[k].checked = false;
+                                        widget_checkbox_t cb;
+                                        widget_checkbox_init(&cb, elements[k].x, elements[k].y - scroll_y + URL_BAR_H, elements[k].w, elements[k].h, "", true);
+                                        cb.checked = false;
+                                        browser_ctx.use_light_theme = true;
+                                        widget_checkbox_draw(&browser_ctx, &cb);
+                                        browser_ctx.use_light_theme = false;
+                                        ui_mark_dirty(win_browser, cb.x, cb.y, cb.w, cb.h);
+                                    }
                                 }
                             }
                             el->checked = true;
-                            needs_repaint = true; found = true; break;
+                            widget_checkbox_t cb;
+                            widget_checkbox_init(&cb, el->x, el->y - scroll_y + URL_BAR_H, el->w, el->h, "", true);
+                            cb.checked = true;
+                            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = true;
+                            widget_checkbox_draw(&browser_ctx, &cb);
+                            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = false;
+                            ui_mark_dirty(win_browser, cb.x, cb.y, cb.w, cb.h);
+                            found = true; break;
                         }
                         if (el->tag == TAG_CHECKBOX) {
                             el->checked = !el->checked;
-                            needs_repaint = true; found = true; break;
+                            widget_checkbox_t cb;
+                            widget_checkbox_init(&cb, el->x, el->y - scroll_y + URL_BAR_H, el->w, el->h, "", false);
+                            cb.checked = el->checked;
+                            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = true;
+                            widget_checkbox_draw(&browser_ctx, &cb);
+                            browser_ctx.use_light_theme = false;
+                            ui_mark_dirty(win_browser, cb.x, cb.y, cb.w, cb.h);
+                            found = true; break;
                         }
                         if (el->tag == TAG_BUTTON) {
                             int fid = el->form_id;
@@ -1759,6 +1997,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
                     if (c == 13 || c == 10) {
                         if (history_count < HISTORY_MAX) { int j=0; while(url_input_buffer[j]) { history_stack[history_count][j] = url_input_buffer[j]; j++; } history_stack[history_count][j] = 0; history_count++; }
                         navigate(url_input_buffer); scroll_y = 0;
+                        needs_repaint = true;
                     }
                     else if (c == 19) { if (url_cursor > 0) url_cursor--; }
                     else if (c == 20) { int len = 0; while(url_input_buffer[len]) len++; if (url_cursor < len) url_cursor++; }

src/userland/gui/calculator.c

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
 #include "syscall.h"
 #include "libui.h"
+#include "../../wm/libwidget.h"
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include "stdlib.h"
 
@@ -25,6 +26,33 @@ static long long calc_decimal_divisor = 10;
 static char display_buffer[1024];
 static int display_buf_len = 0;
 
+static widget_button_t buttons[20];
+static const char *labels[] = {
+    "C", "sqr", "rt", "/",
+    "7", "8", "9", "*",
+    "4", "5", "6", "-",
+    "1", "2", "3", "+",
+    "0", ".", "BS", "="
+};
+
+static void calc_draw_rect(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, uint32_t color) {
+    ui_draw_rect((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, w, h, color);
+}
+static void calc_draw_rounded_rect_filled(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, int r, uint32_t color) {
+    ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, w, h, r, color);
+}
+static void calc_draw_string(void *user_data, int x, int y, const char *str, uint32_t color) {
+    ui_draw_string((ui_window_t)user_data, x, y, str, color);
+}
+
+static widget_context_t calc_ctx = {
+    .user_data = 0,
+    .draw_rect = calc_draw_rect,
+    .draw_rounded_rect_filled = calc_draw_rounded_rect_filled,
+    .draw_string = calc_draw_string,
+    .mark_dirty = NULL
+};
+
 static long long isqrt(long long n) {
     if (n < 0) return -1;
     if (n == 0) return 0;
@@ -97,27 +125,8 @@ static void calculator_paint(void) {
     int text_x = w - 15 - text_w;
     ui_draw_string(win_calculator, text_x, 18, display_buffer, COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
     
-    const char *labels[] = {
-        "C", "sqr", "rt", "/",
-        "7", "8", "9", "*",
-        "4", "5", "6", "-",
-        "1", "2", "3", "+",
-        "0", ".", "BS", "="
-    };
-    
-    int bw = 35;
-    int bh = 25;
-    int gap = 5;
-    int start_x = 10;
-    int start_y = 40;
-    
     for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
-        int r = i / 4;
+        widget_button_draw(&calc_ctx, &buttons[i]);
-        int c = i % 4;
-        ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled(win_calculator, start_x + c*(bw+gap), start_y + r*(bh+gap), bw, bh, 4, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
-        int label_x = start_x + c*(bw+gap) + 5;
-        int label_y = start_y + r*(bh+gap) + 9;
-        ui_draw_string(win_calculator, label_x, label_y, labels[i], COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
     }
 }
 
@@ -135,28 +144,15 @@ static void do_op(void) {
     }
 }
 
-static void calculator_click(int x, int y) {
+static void handle_button_click(int idx) {
-    int bw = 35;
+    const char *labels_map[] = {
-    int bh = 25;
-    int gap = 5;
-    int start_x = 10;
-    int start_y = 35; // Matches the hitboxes
-    
-    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
-        int r = i / 4;
-        int c = i % 4;
-        int bx = start_x + c*(bw+gap);
-        int by = start_y + r*(bh+gap);
-        
-        if (x >= bx && x < bx + bw && y >= by && y < by + bh) {
-             const char *labels[] = {
         "C", "s", "r", "/",
         "7", "8", "9", "*",
         "4", "5", "6", "-",
         "1", "2", "3", "+",
         "0", ".", "B", "="
     };
-            char lbl = labels[i][0];
+    char lbl = labels_map[idx][0];
     
     if (lbl >= '0' && lbl <= '9') {
         if (calc_new_entry || calc_error) {
@@ -222,17 +218,18 @@ static void calculator_click(int x, int y) {
         }
         calc_op = lbl; calc_new_entry = true; calc_decimal_mode = false;
     }
-            
-            update_display();
-            calculator_paint();
-            ui_mark_dirty(win_calculator, 0, 0, 180, 230);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 int main(void) {
     win_calculator = ui_window_create("Calculator", 200, 200, 180, 230);
+    calc_ctx.user_data = (void *)win_calculator;
+    
+    int bw = 35, bh = 25, gap = 5, start_x = 10, start_y = 40;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+        int r = i / 4;
+        int c = i % 4;
+        widget_button_init(&buttons[i], start_x + c*(bw+gap), start_y + r*(bh+gap), bw, bh, labels[i]);
+    }
 
     calc_curr = 0;
     calc_acc = 0;
@@ -249,8 +246,21 @@ int main(void) {
             if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_PAINT) {
                 calculator_paint();
                 ui_mark_dirty(win_calculator, 0, 0, 180, 230);
-            } else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLICK) {
+            } else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLICK || ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN || ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_UP) {
-                calculator_click(ev.arg1, ev.arg2);
+                bool needs_paint = false;
+                for (int i=0; i<20; i++) {
+                    if (widget_button_handle_mouse(&buttons[i], ev.arg1, ev.arg2, ev.type == GUI_EVENT_MOUSE_DOWN, ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLICK, NULL)) {
+                        needs_paint = true;
+                        if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLICK) {
+                            handle_button_click(i);
+                            update_display();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (needs_paint) {
+                    calculator_paint();
+                    ui_mark_dirty(win_calculator, 0, 0, 180, 230);
+                }
             } else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLOSE) {
                 sys_exit(0);
             }

src/userland/gui/notepad.c

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ static void notepad_ensure_cursor_visible(int h) {
 }
 
 static void notepad_load_state() {
-    int fd = sys_open("A:/tmp/notepad_state.txt", "r");
+    int fd = sys_open("/tmp/notepad_state.txt", "r");
     if (fd >= 0) {
         sys_serial_write("Notepad: Loading state...\n");
         buf_len = sys_read(fd, buffer, NOTEPAD_BUF_SIZE - 1);
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ static void notepad_load_state() {
 
 static void notepad_save_state() {
     // Ensure dir exists
-    sys_mkdir("A:/tmp");
+    sys_mkdir("/tmp");
-    int fd = sys_open("A:/tmp/notepad_state.txt", "w");
+    int fd = sys_open("/tmp/notepad_state.txt", "w");
     if (fd >= 0) {
         sys_write_fs(fd, buffer, buf_len);
         sys_close(fd);

src/userland/gui/paint.c

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 #define COLOR_BLACK         0xFF000000
 #define COLOR_WHITE         0xFFFFFFFF
 #define COLOR_RED           0xFFFF0000
-#define COLOR_APPLE_GREEN   0xFF4CD964
+#define COLOR_GREEN   0xFF4CD964
-#define COLOR_APPLE_BLUE    0xFF007AFF
+#define COLOR_BLUE    0xFF007AFF
-#define COLOR_APPLE_YELLOW  0xFFFFCC00
+#define COLOR_YELLOW  0xFFFFCC00
 
 #define COLOR_DARK_BG       0xFF121212
 #define COLOR_DARK_PANEL    0xFF202020
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static uint32_t *canvas_buffer = NULL;
 static uint32_t current_color = COLOR_BLACK;
 static int last_mx = -1;
 static int last_my = -1;
-static char current_file_path[256] = "/Desktop/drawing.pnt";
+static char current_file_path[256] = "/root/Desktop/drawing.pnt";
 
 static void paint_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
     while (*src) *dest++ = *src++;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static void paint_paint(ui_window_t win) {
     ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled(win, canvas_x - 2, canvas_y - 2, CANVAS_W + 4, CANVAS_H + 4, 4, COLOR_DARK_BG);
     ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled(win, 10, 0, 40, 230, 6, COLOR_DARK_PANEL);
     
-    uint32_t colors[] = {COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_RED, COLOR_APPLE_GREEN, COLOR_APPLE_BLUE, COLOR_APPLE_YELLOW, COLOR_WHITE};
+    uint32_t colors[] = {COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_RED, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLUE, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_WHITE};
     for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
         int cy = 10 + (i * 25);
         ui_draw_rounded_rect_filled(win, 15, cy, 30, 20, 3, colors[i]);
@@ -79,12 +79,7 @@ static void paint_paint(ui_window_t win) {
 
     // Draw canvas content
     if (canvas_buffer) {
-        for (int y = 0; y < CANVAS_H; y++) {
+        ui_draw_image(win, canvas_x, canvas_y, CANVAS_W, CANVAS_H, canvas_buffer);
-            for (int x = 0; x < CANVAS_W; x++) {
-                uint32_t color = canvas_buffer[y * CANVAS_W + x];
-                ui_draw_rect(win, canvas_x + x, canvas_y + y, 1, 1, color);
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -96,7 +91,6 @@ static void paint_put_brush(ui_window_t win, int cx, int cy, int *min_x, int *mi
             int py = cy + dy;
             if (px >= 0 && px < CANVAS_W && py >= 0 && py < CANVAS_H) {
                 canvas_buffer[py * CANVAS_W + px] = current_color;
-                ui_draw_rect(win, 60 + px, 0 + py, 1, 1, current_color);
                 
                 if (px < *min_x) *min_x = px;
                 if (py < *min_y) *min_y = py;
@@ -140,6 +134,7 @@ void paint_handle_mouse(ui_window_t win, int x, int y) {
     }
     
     if (min_x <= max_x && min_y <= max_y) {
+        ui_draw_image(win, 60, 0, CANVAS_W, CANVAS_H, canvas_buffer);
         ui_mark_dirty(win, 60 + min_x, 0 + min_y, (max_x - min_x) + 1, (max_y - min_y) + 1);
     }
 
@@ -202,7 +197,7 @@ static void paint_click(ui_window_t win, int x, int y) {
         for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
             int cy = 10 + (i * 25);
             if (y >= cy && y < cy + 20) {
-                uint32_t colors[] = {COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_RED, COLOR_APPLE_GREEN, COLOR_APPLE_BLUE, COLOR_APPLE_YELLOW, COLOR_WHITE};
+                uint32_t colors[] = {COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_RED, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLUE, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_WHITE};
                 current_color = colors[i];
                 paint_paint(win);
                 ui_mark_dirty(win, 0, 0, 380, 230);

src/userland/gui/screenshot.c

@@ -9,16 +9,38 @@
 #include "stb_image_write.h"
 #include <string.h>
 
-#define GUI_CMD_GET_SCREEN_SIZE   17
+#define GUI_CMD_GET_SCREEN_SIZE   50
-#define GUI_CMD_GET_SCREENBUFFER  18
+#define GUI_CMD_GET_SCREENBUFFER  51
-#define GUI_CMD_SHOW_NOTIFICATION 19
+#define GUI_CMD_SHOW_NOTIFICATION 52
-#define GUI_CMD_GET_DATETIME      20
+#define GUI_CMD_GET_DATETIME      53
+
+#define PNG_WRITE_BUF_SIZE (8 * 1024 * 1024) // 8MB buffer to hold entire PNG
+static uint8_t *png_output_buf = NULL;
+static int png_output_idx = 0;
 
 void png_write_func(void *context, void *data, int size) {
-    int fd = *(int*)context;
+    (void)context;
-    sys_write_fs(fd, data, size);
+    if (!png_output_buf) return;
+    
+    if (png_output_idx + size < PNG_WRITE_BUF_SIZE) {
+        memcpy(png_output_buf + png_output_idx, data, size);
+        png_output_idx += size;
+    }
 }
 
+// Global filename for helper functions
+static char g_filename[128];
+
+void append_num(int num, int digits) {
+    int len = 0; while (g_filename[len]) len++;
+    if (digits == 4) {
+        g_filename[len++] = '0' + (num / 1000) % 10;
+        g_filename[len++] = '0' + (num / 100) % 10;
+    }
+    g_filename[len++] = '0' + (num / 10) % 10;
+    g_filename[len++] = '0' + (num % 10);
+    g_filename[len] = '\0';
+}
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     (void)argc;
@@ -29,28 +51,25 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     syscall3(SYS_GUI, GUI_CMD_GET_SCREEN_SIZE, (uint64_t)&w, (uint64_t)&h);
     
     if (w == 0 || h == 0 || w > 4096 || h > 4096) {
-        printf("Failed to get screen size %d x %d\n", (int)w, (int)h);
         return 1;
     }
     
-    // 2. Allocate buffer for 0xAARRGGBB
+    // 2. Allocate buffers
     uint32_t *pixels = (uint32_t *)malloc(w * h * sizeof(uint32_t));
-    if (!pixels) {
+    uint8_t *rgb_pixels = (uint8_t *)malloc(w * h * 3);
-        printf("Failed to allocate memory for %d x %d pixels\n", (int)w, (int)h);
+    png_output_buf = (uint8_t *)malloc(PNG_WRITE_BUF_SIZE);
+    
+    if (!pixels || !rgb_pixels || !png_output_buf) {
+        if (pixels) free(pixels);
+        if (rgb_pixels) free(rgb_pixels);
+        if (png_output_buf) free(png_output_buf);
         return 1;
     }
     
     // 3. Request screenbuffer
     syscall2(SYS_GUI, GUI_CMD_GET_SCREENBUFFER, (uint64_t)pixels);
     
-    // 4. Convert 0xAARRGGBB to RGB for stb_image_write
+    // 4. Convert 0xAARRGGBB to RGB
-    uint8_t *rgb_pixels = (uint8_t *)malloc(w * h * 3);
-    if (!rgb_pixels) {
-        printf("Failed to allocate RGB buffer\n");
-        free(pixels);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    
     for (int y = 0; y < (int)h; y++) {
         for (int x = 0; x < (int)w; x++) {
             uint32_t px = pixels[y * w + x];
@@ -61,62 +80,50 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
         }
     }
     
-    // 5. Get Datetime for filename
+    // 5. Get Datetime and construct filename
     uint64_t dt[6] = {0};
     syscall2(SYS_GUI, GUI_CMD_GET_DATETIME, (uint64_t)dt);
     
-    char filename[128] = "A:/Desktop/screenshot-";
+    strcpy(g_filename, "/root/Desktop/screenshot-");
+    append_num((int)dt[0], 4); // Year
+    append_num((int)dt[1], 2); // Month
+    append_num((int)dt[2], 2); // Day
     
-    // Quick helper to append 4-digit and 2-digit numbers
+    int len = strlen(g_filename);
-    auto void append_num(int num, int digits);
+    g_filename[len++] = '-'; g_filename[len] = '\0';
-    void append_num(int num, int digits) {
-        int len = 0; while (filename[len]) len++;
-        if (digits == 4) {
-            filename[len++] = '0' + (num / 1000) % 10;
-            filename[len++] = '0' + (num / 100) % 10;
-        }
-        filename[len++] = '0' + (num / 10) % 10;
-        filename[len++] = '0' + (num % 10);
-        filename[len] = '\0';
-    }
     
-    append_num((int)dt[0], 4);
+    append_num((int)dt[3], 2); // Hour
-    append_num((int)dt[1], 2);
+    append_num((int)dt[4], 2); // Min
-    append_num((int)dt[2], 2);
+    append_num((int)dt[5], 2); // Sec
-    int len = 0; while (filename[len]) len++;
+    strcat(g_filename, ".png");
-    filename[len++] = '-'; filename[len] = '\0';
-    append_num((int)dt[3], 2);
-    append_num((int)dt[4], 2);
-    append_num((int)dt[5], 2);
-    len = 0; while (filename[len]) len++;
-    filename[len++] = '.'; filename[len++] = 'p'; filename[len++] = 'n'; filename[len++] = 'g'; filename[len] = '\0';
     
-    // 6. Write to PNG
+    // 6. Generate PNG in memory
-    int fd = sys_open(filename, "w"); // Open file
+    png_output_idx = 0;
-    int res = 0;
+    int res = stbi_write_png_to_func(png_write_func, NULL, (int)w, (int)h, 3, rgb_pixels, (int)w * 3);
+    
+    // 7. Perform a SINGLE write to the filesystem
+    if (res && png_output_idx > 0) {
+        int fd = sys_open(g_filename, "w");
         if (fd >= 0) {
-        res = stbi_write_png_to_func(png_write_func, &fd, (int)w, (int)h, 3, rgb_pixels, (int)w * 3);
+            sys_write_fs(fd, png_output_buf, png_output_idx);
-        sys_close(fd); // Close file
+            sys_close(fd);
+            
+            // Show notification
+            char notif[256] = "Saved ";
+            strcat(notif, g_filename + 14); // Skip "/root/Desktop/"
+            syscall2(SYS_GUI, GUI_CMD_SHOW_NOTIFICATION, (uint64_t)notif);
+        } else {
+            res = 0;
+        }
     }
     
+    if (!res) {
+        syscall2(SYS_GUI, GUI_CMD_SHOW_NOTIFICATION, (uint64_t)"Failed to save screenshot");
+    }
+    
+    free(png_output_buf);
     free(rgb_pixels);
     free(pixels);
     
-    if (res) {
+    return res ? 0 : 1;
-        char notif[256] = "Saved ";
-        int nlen = 6;
-        int flen = 0;
-        while (filename[11 + flen]) {
-            notif[nlen + flen] = filename[11 + flen]; 
-            flen++;
-        }
-        notif[nlen + flen] = '\0';
-        
-        syscall2(SYS_GUI, GUI_CMD_SHOW_NOTIFICATION, (uint64_t)notif);
-    } else {
-        syscall2(SYS_GUI, GUI_CMD_SHOW_NOTIFICATION, (uint64_t)"Failed to save screenshot");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    
-    return 0;
 }

src/userland/gui/taskman.c

@@ -32,52 +32,131 @@ static uint64_t kernel_ticks_prev = 0;
 static uint64_t total_mem_system = 0;
 static uint64_t used_mem_system = 0;
 static char cpu_model_name[64] = "Unknown CPU";
+static int cpu_cores = 1;
 
-typedef struct {
+static int find_value(const char *buf, const char *key) {
-    size_t total_memory;
+    char *p = (char*)buf;
-    size_t used_memory;
+    int key_len = strlen(key);
-    size_t available_memory;
+    while (*p) {
-    size_t allocated_blocks;
+        if (memcmp(p, key, key_len) == 0 && p[key_len] == ':') {
-    size_t free_blocks;
+            p += key_len + 1;
-    size_t largest_free_block;
+            while (*p == ' ') p++;
-    size_t smallest_free_block;
+            return atoi(p);
-    size_t fragmentation_percent;
+        }
-    size_t peak_memory_used;
+        while (*p && *p != '\n') p++;
-} MemStats;
+        if (*p == '\n') p++;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void find_string(const char *buf, const char *key, char *out, int max_len) {
+    char *p = (char*)buf;
+    int key_len = strlen(key);
+    while (*p) {
+        if (memcmp(p, key, key_len) == 0 && p[key_len] == ':') {
+            p += key_len + 1;
+            while (*p == ' ') p++;
+            int i = 0;
+            while (*p && *p != '\n' && i < max_len - 1) {
+                out[i++] = *p++;
+            }
+            out[i] = 0;
+            return;
+        }
+        while (*p && *p != '\n') p++;
+        if (*p == '\n') p++;
+    }
+    strcpy(out, "Unknown");
+}
 
 static void update_proc_list(void) {
-    proc_count = sys_system(SYSTEM_CMD_PROCESS_LIST, (uint64_t)proc_list, 32, 0, 0);
+    FAT32_FileInfo entries[64];
+    int count = sys_list("/proc", entries, 64);
+    if (count < 0) return;
 
-    uint64_t uptime_now = sys_system(SYSTEM_CMD_UPTIME, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    proc_count = 0;
-    uint64_t kernel_ticks_now = 0;
+    uint64_t user_ticks_now = 0;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < proc_count; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        if (proc_list[i].pid == 0) {
+        if (entries[i].is_directory) {
-            kernel_ticks_now = proc_list[i].ticks;
+            // Check if name is numeric (PID)
+            bool numeric = true;
+            for (int j = 0; entries[i].name[j]; j++) {
+                if (entries[i].name[j] < '0' || entries[i].name[j] > '9') {
+                    numeric = false;
                     break;
                 }
             }
+            if (!numeric) continue;
+
+            int pid = atoi(entries[i].name);
+            char path[64];
+            strcpy(path, "/proc/");
+            strcat(path, entries[i].name);
+            strcat(path, "/status");
+
+            int fd = sys_open(path, "r");
+            if (fd >= 0) {
+                char buf[512];
+                int bytes = sys_read(fd, buf, 511);
+                sys_close(fd);
+                if (bytes > 0) {
+                    buf[bytes] = 0;
+                    proc_list[proc_count].pid = pid;
+                    find_string(buf, "Name", proc_list[proc_count].name, 64);
+                    proc_list[proc_count].used_memory = (size_t)find_value(buf, "Memory") * 1024;
+                    uint64_t ticks = (uint64_t)find_value(buf, "Ticks");
+                    proc_list[proc_count].ticks = ticks;
+                    
+                    proc_list[proc_count].is_idle = find_value(buf, "Idle") == 1;
+                    
+                    if (!proc_list[proc_count].is_idle) user_ticks_now += ticks;
+                    proc_count++;
+                    if (proc_count >= 32) break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Global stats
+    int fd_u = sys_open("/proc/uptime", "r");
+    uint64_t uptime_now = 0;
+    if (fd_u >= 0) {
+        char buf[256];
+        int bytes = sys_read(fd_u, buf, 255);
+        sys_close(fd_u);
+        if (bytes > 0) {
+            buf[bytes] = 0;
+            uptime_now = (uint64_t)find_value(buf, "Raw_Ticks");
+        }
+    }
 
     if (uptime_prev > 0) {
         uint64_t total_delta = uptime_now - uptime_prev;
         if (total_delta > 0) {
-            uint64_t kernel_delta = kernel_ticks_now - kernel_ticks_prev;
+            uint64_t used_delta = user_ticks_now - kernel_ticks_prev;
-            if (kernel_delta > total_delta) kernel_delta = total_delta;
+            int cores = cpu_cores > 0 ? cpu_cores : 1;
-            
+            int usage = (int)((used_delta * 100) / (total_delta * cores));
-            uint64_t used_delta = total_delta - kernel_delta;
+            if (usage > 100) usage = 100;
-            int usage = (int)((used_delta * 100) / total_delta);
             cpu_history[history_idx] = usage;
         }
     }
     
     uptime_prev = uptime_now;
-    kernel_ticks_prev = kernel_ticks_now;
+    kernel_ticks_prev = user_ticks_now;
     
-    MemStats stats;
+    int fd_m = sys_open("/proc/meminfo", "r");
-    sys_system(SYSTEM_CMD_MEMINFO, (uint64_t)&stats, 0, 0, 0);
+    if (fd_m >= 0) {
-    total_mem_system = stats.total_memory;
+        char buf[1024];
-    used_mem_system = stats.used_memory;
+        int bytes = sys_read(fd_m, buf, 1023);
-    mem_history[history_idx] = (int)(stats.used_memory / 1024);
+        sys_close(fd_m);
+        if (bytes > 0) {
+            buf[bytes] = 0;
+            total_mem_system = (uint64_t)find_value(buf, "MemTotal") * 1024;
+            used_mem_system = (uint64_t)find_value(buf, "MemUsed") * 1024;
+            mem_history[history_idx] = (int)(used_mem_system / 1024);
+        }
+    }
     
     history_idx = (history_idx + 1) % GRAPH_POINTS;
 }
@@ -169,9 +248,12 @@ static void draw_taskman(void) {
     // Memory Graph Area
     ui_draw_string(win_taskman, 205, 10, "MEMORY", COLOR_MEM);
     char mem_pct_label[16];
-    int current_mem_pct = 0;
+    int current_mem_pct_x10 = 0;
-    if (total_mem_system > 0) current_mem_pct = (int)((used_mem_system * 100) / total_mem_system);
+    if (total_mem_system > 0) current_mem_pct_x10 = (int)((used_mem_system * 1000) / total_mem_system);
-    itoa(current_mem_pct, mem_pct_label);
+    itoa(current_mem_pct_x10 / 10, mem_pct_label);
+    strcat(mem_pct_label, ".");
+    char frac[4]; itoa(current_mem_pct_x10 % 10, frac);
+    strcat(mem_pct_label, frac);
     strcat(mem_pct_label, "%");
     ui_draw_string(win_taskman, 340, 10, mem_pct_label, COLOR_MEM);
     
@@ -256,8 +338,18 @@ static void draw_taskman(void) {
 int main(void) {
     win_taskman = ui_window_create("Task Manager", 100, 100, 400, 480);
     
-    // Fetch CPU model
+    int fd_c = sys_open("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
-    sys_system(SYSTEM_CMD_GET_CPU_MODEL, (uint64_t)cpu_model_name, 0, 0, 0);
+    if (fd_c >= 0) {
+        char buf[1024];
+        int bytes = sys_read(fd_c, buf, 1023);
+        sys_close(fd_c);
+        if (bytes > 0) {
+            buf[bytes] = 0;
+            find_string(buf, "Processor", cpu_model_name, 64);
+            int cores = find_value(buf, "Cores");
+            if (cores > 0) cpu_cores = cores;
+        }
+    }
     
     for(int i=0; i<GRAPH_POINTS; i++) { cpu_history[i] = 0; mem_history[i] = 0; }
     

src/userland/gui/viewer.c

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-#define VIEWER_MAX_W 800
+#define VIEWER_MAX_W 4096
-#define VIEWER_MAX_H 600
+#define VIEWER_MAX_H 4096
 
 static uint32_t *viewer_pixels = NULL;
 static uint32_t **viewer_frames = NULL;
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ static int viewer_img_h = 0;
 static char viewer_title[64] = "Viewer";
 static bool viewer_has_image = false;
 static char viewer_file_path[256];
+static bool resize_pending = false;
+static uint64_t last_resize_tick = 0;
 
 static int win_w = 500;
 static int win_h = 400;
@@ -80,11 +82,13 @@ static void viewer_scale_rgba_to_argb(const unsigned char *rgba, int src_w, int
 }
 
 static void viewer_paint(ui_window_t win) {
-    int cx = 4;
+    int cx = 0;
     int cy = 0;
-    int cw = win_w - 8;
+    int cw = win_w;
-    int ch = win_h - 28;
+    int ch = win_h - 20; // 20px header
 
+    // Clear background
+    ui_draw_rect(win, 0, 0, win_w, win_h, 0xFF000000); // Black background
 
     if (!viewer_has_image) {
         ui_draw_string(win, cx + 20, cy + ch / 2, "No image loaded", 0xFF888888);
@@ -94,27 +98,24 @@ static void viewer_paint(ui_window_t win) {
     uint32_t *pixels = viewer_pixels;
     if (viewer_frames) pixels = viewer_frames[viewer_current_frame];
 
+    // Maintain aspect ratio while fitting to window
     int disp_w = viewer_img_w;
     int disp_h = viewer_img_h;
     
-    if (disp_w > cw - 8) {
+    float sw = (float)cw / (float)viewer_img_w;
-        disp_h = disp_h * (cw - 8) / disp_w;
+    float sh = (float)ch / (float)viewer_img_h;
-        disp_w = cw - 8;
+    float scale = (sw < sh) ? sw : sh;
-    }
+    
-    if (disp_h > ch - 40) {
+    disp_w = (int)(viewer_img_w * scale);
-        disp_w = disp_w * (ch - 40) / disp_h;
+    disp_h = (int)(viewer_img_h * scale);
-        disp_h = ch - 40;
-    }
 
     int ox = cx + (cw - disp_w) / 2;
     int oy = cy + (ch - disp_h) / 2;
 
+    if (disp_w <= 0 || disp_h <= 0) return;
+
     uint32_t *temp_buf = malloc(disp_w * disp_h * sizeof(uint32_t));
     if (temp_buf) {
-        if (disp_w == viewer_img_w && disp_h == viewer_img_h) {
-            // Fast path: 1:1
-            for (int i = 0; i < disp_w * disp_h; i++) temp_buf[i] = pixels[i];
-        } else {
         // Fixed-point 16.16
         uint32_t step_x = (viewer_img_w << 16) / disp_w;
         uint32_t step_y = (viewer_img_h << 16) / disp_h;
@@ -134,7 +135,6 @@ static void viewer_paint(ui_window_t win) {
             }
             curr_y += step_y;
         }
-        }
         ui_draw_image(win, ox, oy, disp_w, disp_h, temp_buf);
         free(temp_buf);
     }
@@ -271,8 +271,13 @@ void viewer_open_file(const char *path) {
     viewer_title[ti] = 0;
 
     win_w = fit_w + 16;
-    if (win_w < 200) win_w = 200;
     win_h = fit_h + 34;
+    
+    // Cap initial window size to 1024x768 (or image size if smaller)
+    if (win_w > 1024) win_w = 1024;
+    if (win_h > 768) win_h = 768;
+    
+    if (win_w < 200) win_w = 200;
     if (win_h < 100) win_h = 100;
 }
 
@@ -284,18 +289,37 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     ui_window_t win = ui_window_create(viewer_title, 100, 50, win_w, win_h);
     if (!win) return 1;
 
+    ui_window_set_resizable(win, true);
+
     gui_event_t ev;
     while (1) {
         if (ui_get_event(win, &ev)) {
             if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_PAINT) {
                 viewer_paint(win);
                 ui_mark_dirty(win, 0, 0, win_w, win_h - 20);
+            } else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_RESIZE) {
+                win_w = ev.arg1;
+                win_h = ev.arg2;
+                resize_pending = true;
+                last_resize_tick = sys_system(16, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+                // Fast background clear during active resize
+                ui_draw_rect(win, 0, 0, win_w, win_h, 0xFF000000);
+                ui_mark_dirty(win, 0, 0, win_w, win_h - 20);
             } else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLICK) {
                 // No actions currently
             } else if (ev.type == GUI_EVENT_CLOSE) {
                 sys_exit(0);
             }
         } else {
+            if (resize_pending) {
+                uint64_t now = sys_system(16, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+                if (now > last_resize_tick + 10) {
+                    viewer_paint(win);
+                    ui_mark_dirty(win, 0, 0, win_w, win_h - 20);
+                    resize_pending = false;
+                }
+            }
+
             if (viewer_has_image && viewer_frame_count > 1) {
                 uint64_t now = sys_system(16, 0, 0, 0, 0);
                 if (now >= viewer_next_frame_tick) {

src/userland/libc/libmath.c

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+
+#include "math.h"
+static double _pow_int(double b, int e) {
+    if (e == 0) return 1.0;
+    if (e < 0) { return 1.0 / _pow_int(b, -e); }
+    double r = 1.0;
+    while (e > 0) {
+        if (e & 1) r *= b;
+        b *= b;
+        e >>= 1;
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+double fabs(double x) {
+    return x < 0.0 ? -x : x;
+}
+double fmod(double x, double y) {
+    if (y == 0.0) return 0.0;
+    return x - (int)(x / y) * y;
+}
+
+double floor(double x) {
+    int i = (int)x;
+    return (x < 0.0 && (double)i != x) ? (double)(i - 1) : (double)i;
+}
+
+double ceil(double x) {
+    int i = (int)x;
+    return (x > 0.0 && (double)i != x) ? (double)(i + 1) : (double)i;
+}
+
+double sin(double x) {
+    x = fmod(x, 2.0 * M_PI);
+    if (x > M_PI)  x -= 2.0 * M_PI;
+    if (x < -M_PI) x += 2.0 * M_PI;
+
+    double x2 = x * x;
+    double term = x;
+    double sum  = x;
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 8; i++) {
+        term *= -x2 / ((2*i) * (2*i + 1));
+        sum  += term;
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+
+double cos(double x) {
+    return sin(x + M_PI / 2.0);
+}
+
+double tan(double x) {
+    double c = cos(x);
+    if (fabs(c) < 1e-10) return 1e15;   
+    return sin(x) / c;
+}
+
+double sqrt(double x) {
+    if (x <= 0.0) return 0.0;
+    double g = x * 0.5;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
+        g = (g + x / g) * 0.5;
+    }
+    return g;
+}
+
+double log(double x) {
+    if (x <= 0.0) return -1e30;
+
+    int e = 0;
+    while (x > 2.0)  { x /= 2.0; e++; }
+    while (x < 0.5)  { x *= 2.0; e--; }
+
+    double t  = (x - 1.0) / (x + 1.0);
+    double t2 = t * t;
+    double sum = t, term = t;
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
+        term *= t2;
+        sum  += term / (2*i + 1);
+    }
+    return 2.0 * sum + e * M_LN2;
+}
+
+double log2(double x) {
+    // log2(x) = ln(x) / ln(2)
+    return log(x) / M_LN2;
+}
+
+double log10(double x) {
+    return log(x) / 2.302585092994046;
+}
+
+double exp(double x) {
+    if (x >  700.0) return 1e300;   
+    if (x < -700.0) return 0.0;     
+
+    int k = (int)(x / M_LN2);
+    if (x < 0.0 && (double)k * M_LN2 > x) k--;
+    double r = x - (double)k * M_LN2;
+
+    double sum = 1.0, term = 1.0;
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
+        term *= r / (double)i;
+        sum  += term;
+    }
+
+    double result = sum;
+    if (k >= 0) { for (int i = 0; i < k;  i++) result *= 2.0; }
+    else        { for (int i = 0; i < -k; i++) result /= 2.0; }
+    return result;
+}
+double pow(double base, double exponent) {
+    if (base == 0.0)  return 0.0;
+    if (exponent == 0.0) return 1.0;
+    int ie = (int)exponent;
+    if ((double)ie == exponent) return _pow_int(base, ie);
+
+    if (base < 0.0) return 0.0;  
+    return exp(exponent * log(base));
+}
+
+double sinh(double x) {
+    double ep = exp(x);
+    double em = exp(-x);
+    return (ep - em) * 0.5;
+}
+
+double cosh(double x) {
+    double ep = exp(x);
+    double em = exp(-x);
+    return (ep + em) * 0.5;
+}
+
+double tanh(double x) {
+    double e2 = exp(2.0 * x);
+    return (e2 - 1.0) / (e2 + 1.0);
+}
+
+double hypot(double x, double y) {
+    return sqrt(x*x + y*y);
+}
+
+double fmin(double a, double b) {
+    return a < b ? a : b;
+}
+
+double fmax(double a, double b) {
+    return a > b ? a : b;
+}
+
+double fclamp(double x, double lo, double hi) {
+    if (x < lo) return lo;
+    if (x > hi) return hi;
+    return x;
+}

src/userland/libc/math.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Chris (boreddevnl)
+// This software is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. See LICENSE file for details.
+// This header needs to maintain in any file it is present in, as per the GPL license terms.
+
+#ifndef MATH_H
+#define MATH_H
+
+#define M_PI        3.14159265358979323846
+#define M_E         2.71828182845904523536
+#define M_LN2       0.69314718055994530942
+#define M_SQRT2     1.41421356237309504880
+#define HUGE_VAL    (1e300 * 1e300)  
+
+double fabs(double x);
+
+double fmod(double x, double y);
+
+double floor(double x);
+
+double ceil(double x);
+
+double sin(double x);
+double cos(double x);
+double tan(double x);
+double sqrt(double x);
+
+double log(double x);
+double log2(double x);
+double log10(double x);
+double exp(double x);
+double pow(double base, double exponent);
+double sinh(double x);
+double cosh(double x);
+double tanh(double x);
+double hypot(double x, double y);
+double fmin(double a, double b);
+double fmax(double a, double b);
+double fclamp(double x, double lo, double hi);
+
+#endif /* MATH_H */

src/userland/libc/stdlib.c

@@ -202,9 +202,27 @@ char* strcat(char *dest, const char *src) {
     return ret;
 }
 
+char *strchr(const char *s, int c) {
+    while (*s != (char)c) {
+        if (!*s++) return NULL;
+    }
+    return (char *)s;
+}
+
+char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
+    size_t needle_len = strlen(needle);
+    if (!needle_len) return (char *)haystack;
+    while (*haystack) {
+        if (memcmp(haystack, needle, needle_len) == 0) return (char *)haystack;
+        haystack++;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 int atoi(const char *nptr) {
     int res = 0;
     int sign = 1;
+    while (*nptr == ' ' || *nptr == '\t' || *nptr == '\n' || *nptr == '\r') nptr++;
     if (*nptr == '-') {
         sign = -1;
         nptr++;

src/userland/libc/stdlib.h

@@ -11,11 +11,9 @@ void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size);
 void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n);
 void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
 
-// String functions
+#include "string.h"
-size_t strlen(const char *s);
+
-int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+// Math/Utility functions
-char* strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);
-char* strcat(char *dest, const char *src);
 int atoi(const char *nptr);
 void itoa(int n, char *buf);
 

src/userland/libc/string.h

@@ -7,5 +7,11 @@ void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
 int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
 void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
 void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n);
+char *strchr(const char *s, int c);
+char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
+size_t strlen(const char *s);
+int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+char* strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);
+char* strcat(char *dest, const char *src);
 
 #endif

src/userland/libc/syscall.c

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 uint64_t syscall0(uint64_t sys_num) {
     uint64_t ret;
-    asm volatile("syscall"
+    asm volatile("int $0x80"
                  : "=a"(ret)
                  : "a"(sys_num)
                  : "rcx", "r11", "memory");
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ uint64_t syscall0(uint64_t sys_num) {
 
 uint64_t syscall1(uint64_t sys_num, uint64_t arg1) {
     uint64_t ret;
-    asm volatile("syscall"
+    asm volatile("int $0x80"
                  : "=a"(ret)
                  : "a"(sys_num), "D"(arg1)
                  : "rcx", "r11", "memory");
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ uint64_t syscall1(uint64_t sys_num, uint64_t arg1) {
 
 uint64_t syscall2(uint64_t sys_num, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2) {
     uint64_t ret;
-    asm volatile("syscall"
+    asm volatile("int $0x80"
                  : "=a"(ret)
                  : "a"(sys_num), "D"(arg1), "S"(arg2)
                  : "rcx", "r11", "memory");
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ uint64_t syscall2(uint64_t sys_num, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2) {
 
 uint64_t syscall3(uint64_t sys_num, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2, uint64_t arg3) {
     uint64_t ret;
-    asm volatile("syscall"
+    asm volatile("int $0x80"
                  : "=a"(ret)
                  : "a"(sys_num), "D"(arg1), "S"(arg2), "d"(arg3)
                  : "rcx", "r11", "memory", "r10", "r8", "r9");
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ uint64_t syscall3(uint64_t sys_num, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2, uint64_t arg3)
 uint64_t syscall4(uint64_t sys_num, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2, uint64_t arg3, uint64_t arg4) {
     uint64_t ret;
     register uint64_t r10 asm("r10") = arg4;
-    asm volatile("syscall"
+    asm volatile("int $0x80"
                  : "=a"(ret)
                  : "a"(sys_num), "D"(arg1), "S"(arg2), "d"(arg3), "r"(r10)
                  : "rcx", "r11", "memory", "r8", "r9");
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ uint64_t syscall5(uint64_t sys_num, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2, uint64_t arg3,
     uint64_t ret;
     register uint64_t r10 asm("r10") = arg4;
     register uint64_t r8  asm("r8") = arg5;
-    asm volatile("syscall"
+    asm volatile("int $0x80"
                  : "=a"(ret)
                  : "a"(sys_num), "D"(arg1), "S"(arg2), "d"(arg3), "r"(r10), "r"(r8)
                  : "rcx", "r11", "memory", "r9");
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ uint64_t syscall6(uint64_t sys_num, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2, uint64_t arg3,
     register uint64_t r10 asm("r10") = arg4;
     register uint64_t r8  asm("r8") = arg5;
     register uint64_t r9  asm("r9") = arg6;
-    asm volatile("syscall"
+    asm volatile("int $0x80"
                  : "=a"(ret)
                  : "a"(sys_num), "D"(arg1), "S"(arg2), "d"(arg3), "r"(r10), "r"(r8), "r"(r9)
                  : "rcx", "r11", "memory");
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ void sys_yield(void) {
     syscall1(SYS_SYSTEM, SYSTEM_CMD_YIELD);
 }
 
-int sys_get_os_info(os_info_t *info) {
+void sys_parallel_run(void (*fn)(void*), void **args, int count) {
-    return (int)syscall5(SYS_SYSTEM, SYSTEM_CMD_GET_OS_INFO, (uint64_t)info, 0, 0, 0);
+    syscall5(SYS_SYSTEM, SYSTEM_CMD_PARALLEL_RUN, (uint64_t)fn, (uint64_t)args, (uint64_t)count, 0);
 }
 

src/userland/libc/syscall.h

@@ -44,8 +44,6 @@
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_REBOOT 12
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_SHUTDOWN 13
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_BEEP 14
-#define SYSTEM_CMD_MEMINFO 15
-#define SYSTEM_CMD_UPTIME 16
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_PCI_LIST 17
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_NETWORK_DHCP 18
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_NETWORK_GET_MAC 19
@@ -69,13 +67,11 @@
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_DNS_LOOKUP 37
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_SET_DNS 38
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_NET_UNLOCK 39
-#define SYSTEM_CMD_PROCESS_LIST 44
-#define SYSTEM_CMD_GET_CPU_MODEL 45
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_SLEEP 46
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_SET_RAW_MODE 41
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_TCP_RECV_NB 42
 #define SYSTEM_CMD_YIELD 43
-#define SYSTEM_CMD_GET_OS_INFO 49
+#define SYSTEM_CMD_PARALLEL_RUN 50
 
 // Internal assembly entry into Ring 0
 extern uint64_t syscall0(uint64_t sys_num);
@@ -136,6 +132,7 @@ typedef struct {
     char name[64];
     uint64_t ticks;
     size_t used_memory;
+    uint32_t is_idle;
 } ProcessInfo;
 
 // Network API

src/userland/sys/uptime.c

@@ -6,11 +6,18 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     (void)argc; (void)argv;
-    uint64_t ticks = sys_system(16, 0, 0, 0, 0); // SYSTEM_CMD_UPTIME
+    int fd = sys_open("/proc/uptime", "r");
-    uint64_t seconds = ticks / 100; // 100Hz timer assumed
+    if (fd < 0) return 1;
-    uint64_t minutes = seconds / 60;
+    char buf[128];
-    uint64_t hours = minutes / 60;
+    int bytes = sys_read(fd, buf, 127);
-    uint64_t days = hours / 24;
+    sys_close(fd);
+    if (bytes <= 0) return 1;
+    buf[bytes] = 0;
+
+    int seconds = atoi(buf);
+    int minutes = seconds / 60;
+    int hours = minutes / 60;
+    int days = hours / 24;
     
     printf("Uptime: %d days, %d hours, %d minutes, %d seconds\n", 
            (int)days, (int)(hours % 24), (int)(minutes % 60), (int)(seconds % 60));

src/wm/cmd.c

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "rtc.h"
 
 #include "fat32.h"
+#include "vfs.h"
 #include "disk.h"
 #include "kutils.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -75,7 +76,6 @@ static ShellConfig shell_config;
 
 // CMD Window State (per-window context)
 typedef struct {
-    char current_drive;
     char current_dir[256];
 } CmdState;
 
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ static void cmd_init_config_defaults(void) {
     shell_config.default_text_color = 0xFFFFFFFF; // White
     shell_config.bg_color = 0xFF1E1E1E;          // Dark background
     shell_config.cursor_color = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-    shell_config.show_drive = true;
+    shell_config.show_drive = false;
     shell_config.show_dir = true;
     shell_config.dir_color = 0xFF569CD6;
     shell_config.file_color = 0xFFFFFFFF;
@@ -554,10 +554,7 @@ void cmd_print_prompt(void) {
         cursor_col = 0;
         
         if (shell_config.show_drive) {
-            current_color = shell_config.prompt_drive_color;
+            // No more drive letter in VFS
-            cmd_putchar(cmd_state->current_drive);
-            current_color = shell_config.prompt_colon_color;
-            cmd_putchar(':');
         }
         
         if (shell_config.show_dir) {
@@ -951,11 +948,7 @@ static void internal_cmd_cd(char *args) {
     if (!args || !args[0]) {
         // No argument - show current directory
         if (cmd_state) {
-            char drive_str[3];
+            
-            drive_str[0] = cmd_state->current_drive;
-            drive_str[1] = ':';
-            drive_str[2] = 0;
-            cmd_write(drive_str);
             cmd_write(cmd_state->current_dir);
             cmd_write("\n");
         } else {
@@ -985,9 +978,7 @@ static void internal_cmd_cd(char *args) {
             cmd_strcpy(full_path, path);
         } else if (path[0] == '/') {
             // Absolute path
-            full_path[0] = cmd_state->current_drive;
+            int j = 0;
-            full_path[1] = ':';
-            int j = 2;
             int k = 0;
             while (path[k] && j < 509) {
                 full_path[j++] = path[k++];
@@ -995,9 +986,7 @@ static void internal_cmd_cd(char *args) {
             full_path[j] = 0;
         } else {
             // Relative path - resolve from current directory
-            full_path[0] = cmd_state->current_drive;
+            int j = 0;
-            full_path[1] = ':';
-            int j = 2;
             
             // Copy current directory
             const char *dir = cmd_state->current_dir;
@@ -1019,18 +1008,14 @@ static void internal_cmd_cd(char *args) {
         }
         
         // Validate directory exists
-        if (fat32_is_directory(full_path)) {
+        if (vfs_is_directory(full_path)) {
             // Normalize the path to resolve .. and .
             char normalized_path[512];
-            fat32_normalize_path(full_path, normalized_path);
+            vfs_normalize_path(cmd_state->current_dir, full_path, normalized_path);
             
             cmd_update_dir(normalized_path);
             cmd_write("Changed to: ");
-            char drive_str[3];
+            
-            drive_str[0] = cmd_state->current_drive;
-            drive_str[1] = ':';
-            drive_str[2] = 0;
-            cmd_write(drive_str);
             cmd_write(cmd_state->current_dir);
             cmd_write("\n");
         } else {
@@ -1086,7 +1071,7 @@ static void internal_cmd_txtedit(char *args) {
     cmd_write("\n");
 
     cmd_is_waiting_for_process = true;
-    process_t *proc = process_create_elf("A:/bin/txtedit.elf", normalized_path);
+    process_t *proc = process_create_elf("/bin/txtedit.elf", normalized_path);
     if (proc) {
         proc->is_terminal_proc = true;
         proc->ui_window = &win_cmd;
@@ -1105,15 +1090,13 @@ void cmd_exec_elf(char *args) {
     char full_exec_path[512] = {0};
     int i = 0;
     
-    if (args[0] && args[1] != ':') {
+    if (args[0] && args[0] != '/') {
         if (cmd_state) {
-            full_exec_path[i++] = cmd_state->current_drive;
-            full_exec_path[i++] = ':';
             const char *dir = cmd_state->current_dir;
             while (*dir && i < 509) {
                 full_exec_path[i++] = *dir++;
             }
-            if (i > 2 && full_exec_path[i-1] != '/') {
+            if (i > 0 && full_exec_path[i-1] != '/') {
                 full_exec_path[i++] = '/';
             }
         }
@@ -1215,23 +1198,10 @@ static const CommandEntry commands[] = {
 
 
 
-// Helper to sync cmd window directory after cd
 static void cmd_update_dir(const char *path) {
     if (!cmd_state || !path) return;
     
-    // Extract drive if provided
     const char *p = path;
-    char drive = cmd_state->current_drive;
-    if (p[0] && p[1] == ':') {
-        drive = p[0];
-        if (drive >= 'a' && drive <= 'z') drive -= 32;
-        p += 2;
-    }
-    
-    // Update drive
-    cmd_state->current_drive = drive;
-    
-    // Update directory
     if (*p) {
         // Remove trailing slashes and copy
         int len = 0;
@@ -1269,20 +1239,7 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
 
     // Check for drive switch (e.g. "A:", "B:")
     if (cmd[0] && cmd[1] == ':' && cmd[2] == 0) {
-        char letter = cmd[0];
+        cmd_write("Drive letters are no longer supported. Use VFS paths (e.g. /dev/sda1)\n");
-        if (letter >= 'a' && letter <= 'z') letter -= 32;
-        
-        // Check if drive exists (don't change global, just check)
-        if (disk_get_by_letter(letter)) {
-            // Update cmd window's drive, not global
-            if (cmd_state) {
-                cmd_state->current_drive = letter;
-                cmd_state->current_dir[0] = '/';
-                cmd_state->current_dir[1] = 0;
-            }
-        } else {
-            cmd_write("Invalid drive.\n");
-        }
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1336,19 +1293,15 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
         char full_exec_path[512];
         int i = 0;
         
-        // Add drive letter
-        if (cmd_state) {
-            full_exec_path[i++] = cmd_state->current_drive;
-            full_exec_path[i++] = ':';
-            
         // Add current directory
+        if (cmd_state) {
             const char *dir = cmd_state->current_dir;
             while (*dir && i < 509) {
                 full_exec_path[i++] = *dir++;
             }
             
             // Add separator if current dir doesn't end with /
-            if (i > 2 && full_exec_path[i-1] != '/') {
+            if (i > 0 && full_exec_path[i-1] != '/') {
                 full_exec_path[i++] = '/';
             }
         }
@@ -1436,15 +1389,11 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                             i += 2;
                             while (args[i] == ' ') { temp_args[j++] = ' '; i++; }
                             
-                            // Prepend drive and directory to filename if relative
+                            // Prepend directory to filename if relative
-                            if (args[i] && args[i+1] != ':') {
+                            if (args[i] && args[i] != '/') {
-                                temp_args[j++] = cmd_state->current_drive;
-                                temp_args[j++] = ':';
-                                if (args[i] != '/') {
                                 const char *d = cmd_state->current_dir;
                                 while (*d && j < 509) temp_args[j++] = *d++;
-                                    if (j > 2 && temp_args[j-1] != '/') temp_args[j++] = '/';
+                                if (j > 0 && temp_args[j-1] != '/') temp_args[j++] = '/';
-                                }
                             }
                             in_redirect = true;
                         } else if (args[i] == '>' && args[i+1] != '>') {
@@ -1453,15 +1402,11 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                             i++;
                             while (args[i] == ' ') { temp_args[j++] = ' '; i++; }
                             
-                            // Prepend drive and directory to filename if relative
+                            // Prepend directory to filename if relative
-                            if (args[i] && args[i+1] != ':') {
+                            if (args[i] && args[i] != '/') {
-                                temp_args[j++] = cmd_state->current_drive;
-                                temp_args[j++] = ':';
-                                if (args[i] != '/') {
                                 const char *d = cmd_state->current_dir;
                                 while (*d && j < 509) temp_args[j++] = *d++;
-                                    if (j > 2 && temp_args[j-1] != '/') temp_args[j++] = '/';
+                                if (j > 0 && temp_args[j-1] != '/') temp_args[j++] = '/';
-                                }
                             }
                             in_redirect = true;
                         } else {
@@ -1488,10 +1433,8 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                         // Already has drive letter
                         cmd_strcpy(full_path_arg, args);
                     } else if (args[0] == '/') {
-                        // Absolute path, just prepend drive
+                        // Absolute path
-                        full_path_arg[0] = cmd_state->current_drive;
+                        int i = 0;
-                        full_path_arg[1] = ':';
-                        int i = 2;
                         int j = 0;
                         while (args[j] && i < 509) {
                             full_path_arg[i++] = args[j++];
@@ -1500,8 +1443,6 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                     } else {
                         // Relative path - need to build from current directory
                         int i = 0;
-                        full_path_arg[i++] = cmd_state->current_drive;
-                        full_path_arg[i++] = ':';
                         
                         // Add current directory
                         const char *dir = cmd_state->current_dir;
@@ -1510,7 +1451,7 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                         }
                         
                         // Add separator if current dir doesn't end with /
-                        if (i > 2 && full_path_arg[i-1] != '/') {
+                        if (i > 0 && full_path_arg[i-1] != '/') {
                             full_path_arg[i++] = '/';
                         }
                         
@@ -1529,10 +1470,8 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                         // Has drive letter, use as-is
                         cmd_strcpy(full_path_arg, args);
                     } else if (args[0] == '/') {
-                        // Absolute path, just prepend drive
+                        // Absolute path
-                        full_path_arg[0] = cmd_state->current_drive;
+                        int i = 0;
-                        full_path_arg[1] = ':';
-                        int i = 2;
                         int j = 0;
                         while (args[j] && i < 509) {
                             full_path_arg[i++] = args[j++];
@@ -1541,8 +1480,6 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                     } else {
                         // Relative path - need to build from current directory
                         int i = 0;
-                        full_path_arg[i++] = cmd_state->current_drive;
-                        full_path_arg[i++] = ':';
                         
                         // Add current directory
                         const char *dir = cmd_state->current_dir;
@@ -1551,7 +1488,7 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                         }
                         
                         // Add separator if current dir doesn't end with /
-                        if (i > 2 && full_path_arg[i-1] != '/') {
+                        if (i > 0 && full_path_arg[i-1] != '/') {
                             full_path_arg[i++] = '/';
                         }
                         
@@ -1568,10 +1505,10 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                     cmd_strcpy(full_path_arg, args);
                     args = full_path_arg;
                 } else {
-                    // Add drive letter
+                    // Try to use arg as is (it's either absolute or relative)
-                    full_path_arg[0] = cmd_state->current_drive;
+                    // If it's relative, we should actually build it...
-                    full_path_arg[1] = ':';
+                    // Let's just use it as is for now since later path resolving will catch it
-                    int i = 2;
+                    int i = 0;
                     int j = 0;
                     while (args[j] && i < 509) {
                         full_path_arg[i++] = args[j++];
@@ -1580,10 +1517,8 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
                     args = full_path_arg;
                 }
             } else if (is_ls_command || is_cd_command) {
-                // For ls and cd with no args, pass current directory with drive
+                // For ls and cd with no args, pass current directory
-                full_path_arg[0] = cmd_state->current_drive;
+                int i = 0;
-                full_path_arg[1] = ':';
-                int i = 2;
                 const char *dir = cmd_state->current_dir;
                 while (*dir && i < 509) {
                     full_path_arg[i++] = *dir++;
@@ -1602,7 +1537,7 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
         }
     }
 
-    // Check for executable in Current Directory or A:/bin/
+    // Check for executable in Current Directory or /bin/
     char search_path[512];
     
     // Check if the command already ends in .elf (case insensitive)
@@ -1619,11 +1554,9 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
     // 1. Try Current Directory + .elf
     if (cmd_state) {
         int idx = 0;
-        search_path[idx++] = cmd_state->current_drive;
-        search_path[idx++] = ':';
         const char *dir = cmd_state->current_dir;
         while (*dir && idx < 500) search_path[idx++] = *dir++;
-        if (idx > 2 && search_path[idx-1] != '/') search_path[idx++] = '/';
+        if (idx > 0 && search_path[idx-1] != '/') search_path[idx++] = '/';
         const char *c = cmd;
         while (*c && idx < 500) search_path[idx++] = *c++;
         if (!has_elf_ext) {
@@ -1644,10 +1577,10 @@ static void cmd_exec_single(char *cmd) {
         }
     }
     
-    // 2. Try A:/bin/ + .elf
+    // 2. Try /bin/ + .elf
     {
         int idx = 0;
-        const char *bin_prefix = "A:/bin/";
+        const char *bin_prefix = "/bin/";
         while (*bin_prefix) search_path[idx++] = *bin_prefix++;
         const char *c = cmd;
         while (*c && idx < 500) search_path[idx++] = *c++;
@@ -2171,11 +2104,12 @@ void cmd_reset(void) {
 }
 
 static void create_ramfs_files(void) {
-    if (!fat32_exists("Documents")) fat32_mkdir("Documents");
+    if (!fat32_exists("root")) fat32_mkdir("root");
-    if (!fat32_exists("Projects")) fat32_mkdir("Projects");
+    if (!fat32_exists("root/Documents")) fat32_mkdir("root/Documents");
-    if (!fat32_exists("Documents/Important")) fat32_mkdir("Documents/Important");
+    if (!fat32_exists("root/Documents/Important")) fat32_mkdir("root/Documents/Important");
-    if (!fat32_exists("Apps")) fat32_mkdir("Apps");
+    if (!fat32_exists("root/Apps")) fat32_mkdir("root/Apps");
-    if (!fat32_exists("Desktop")) fat32_mkdir("Desktop");
+    if (!fat32_exists("root/Desktop")) fat32_mkdir("root/Desktop");
+    if (!fat32_exists("root/projects")) fat32_mkdir("root/projects");
     if (!fat32_exists("RecycleBin")) fat32_mkdir("RecycleBin");
     if (!fat32_exists("Library/conf")) fat32_mkdir("Library/conf");
 
@@ -2223,7 +2157,7 @@ static void create_ramfs_files(void) {
                 "// BoredOS System Fetch Configuration\n"
                 "// ----------------------------------\n"
                 "// To use custom ascii art, uncomment the line below and point it to your file.\n"
-                "ascii_art_file=A:/Library/art/boredos.txt\n"
+                "ascii_art_file=/Library/art/boredos.txt\n"
                 "user_host_string=root@boredos\n"
                 "separator=------------\n"
                 "\n"
@@ -2259,7 +2193,7 @@ static void create_ramfs_files(void) {
 
     
   
-    FAT32_FileHandle *fh = fat32_open("Apps/README.md", "w");
+    FAT32_FileHandle *fh = fat32_open("root/Apps/README.md", "w");
     if (fh) {
         const char *content = 
             "# All compiled C files in this directory are openable from any other directory by typing in the name of the compiled file by typing in the name of the compiled file.\n\n"            
@@ -2269,24 +2203,24 @@ static void create_ramfs_files(void) {
         fat32_close(fh);
     }    
     
-    fh = fat32_open("Documents/notes.txt", "w");
+    fh = fat32_open("root/Documents/notes.txt", "w");
     if (fh) {
         const char *content = "My Notes\n\n- First note\n- Second note\n";
         fat32_write(fh, (void *)content, 39);
         fat32_close(fh);
     }
     
-    fh = fat32_open("Projects/project1.txt", "w");
+    fh = fat32_open("root/projects/project1.txt", "w");
     if (fh) {
         const char *content = "Project 1\n\nStatus: In Progress\n";
         fat32_write(fh, (void *)content, 32);
         fat32_close(fh);
     }
 
-    fat32_open("Desktop/Recycle Bin.shortcut", "w");
+    fat32_open("root/Desktop/Recycle Bin.shortcut", "w");
 
     
-    fh = fat32_open("Apps/wordofgod.c", "w");
+    fh = fat32_open("root/Apps/wordofgod.c", "w");
     if (fh) {
         // Buffer the entire file content to write in one go
         // This prevents issues with multiple small writes causing truncation
@@ -2340,7 +2274,7 @@ static void create_ramfs_files(void) {
         fat32_close(fh);
     }
 
-    fh = fat32_open("Apps/DOOM.c", "w");
+    fh = fat32_open("root/Apps/DOOM.c", "w");
     if (fh) {
         const char *content = 
             "int main(){\n"
@@ -2389,9 +2323,13 @@ void cmd_init(void) {
     // Initialize cmd state (per-window context)
     CmdState *state = (CmdState*)kmalloc(sizeof(CmdState));
     if (state) {
-        state->current_drive = 'A';
+        
         state->current_dir[0] = '/';
-        state->current_dir[1] = 0;
+        state->current_dir[1] = 'r';
+        state->current_dir[2] = 'o';
+        state->current_dir[3] = 'o';
+        state->current_dir[4] = 't';
+        state->current_dir[5] = 0;
         win_cmd.data = state;
         cmd_state = state;  // Set static pointer
     }

src/wm/explorer.c

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "graphics.h"
 #include "font_manager.h"
 #include "fat32.h"
+#include "vfs.h"
 #include "disk.h"
 #include "wm.h"
 #include "memory_manager.h"
@@ -42,6 +43,28 @@ static int dropdown_menu_item_height = 25;
 #define FILE_CONTEXT_MENU_HEIGHT 50
 #define CONTEXT_MENU_ITEM_HEIGHT 25
 
+static void wm_draw_rect(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, uint32_t color) {
+    (void)user_data; draw_rect(x, y, w, h, color);
+}
+static void wm_draw_rounded_rect_filled(void *user_data, int x, int y, int w, int h, int r, uint32_t color) {
+    (void)user_data; draw_rounded_rect_filled(x, y, w, h, r, color);
+}
+static void wm_draw_string(void *user_data, int x, int y, const char *str, uint32_t color) {
+    (void)user_data; draw_string(x, y, str, color);
+}
+static int wm_measure_string_width(void *user_data, const char *str) {
+    (void)user_data;
+    return font_manager_get_string_width(graphics_get_current_ttf(), str);
+}
+static widget_context_t wm_widget_ctx = {
+    .user_data = NULL,
+    .draw_rect = wm_draw_rect,
+    .draw_rounded_rect_filled = wm_draw_rounded_rect_filled,
+    .draw_string = wm_draw_string,
+    .measure_string_width = wm_measure_string_width,
+    .mark_dirty = NULL
+};
+
 static char clipboard_path[FAT32_MAX_PATH] = "";
 static int clipboard_action = 0; 
 #define FILE_CONTEXT_ITEMS 2 
@@ -87,6 +110,25 @@ static int explorer_strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2) {
     return *(const unsigned char*)s1 - *(const unsigned char*)s2;
 }
 
+static int explorer_strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2) {
+    while (*s1 && *s2) {
+        char c1 = *s1;
+        char c2 = *s2;
+        if (c1 >= 'A' && c1 <= 'Z') c1 += 32;
+        if (c2 >= 'A' && c2 <= 'Z') c2 += 32;
+        if (c1 != c2) {
+            return (unsigned char)c1 - (unsigned char)c2;
+        }
+        s1++;
+        s2++;
+    }
+    char c1 = *s1;
+    char c2 = *s2;
+    if (c1 >= 'A' && c1 <= 'Z') c1 += 32;
+    if (c2 >= 'A' && c2 <= 'Z') c2 += 32;
+    return (unsigned char)c1 - (unsigned char)c2;
+}
+
 void explorer_strcat(char *dest, const char *src) {
     while (*dest) dest++;
     explorer_strcpy(dest, src);
@@ -198,8 +240,8 @@ static void explorer_draw_icon_label(int x, int y, const char *label, uint32_t c
 
 static bool check_desktop_limit_explorer(Window *win) {
     ExplorerState *state = (ExplorerState*)win->data;
-    if (explorer_str_starts_with(state->current_path, "/Desktop")) {
+    if (explorer_str_starts_with(state->current_path, "/root/Desktop")) {
-        if (explorer_strcmp(state->current_path, "/Desktop") == 0 || explorer_strcmp(state->current_path, "/Desktop/") == 0) { // Check if root desktop
+        if (explorer_strcmp(state->current_path, "/root/Desktop") == 0 || explorer_strcmp(state->current_path, "/root/Desktop/") == 0) { // Check if root desktop
              if (state->item_count >= desktop_max_cols * (desktop_max_rows_per_col > 1 ? desktop_max_rows_per_col - 1 : 0)) {
                  state->dialog_state = DIALOG_ERROR;
                  explorer_strcpy(state->dialog_input, "Desktop is full!");
@@ -261,14 +303,14 @@ static void dialog_confirm_create_file(Window *win) {
     }
     explorer_strcat(full_path, state->dialog_input);
     
-    if (fat32_exists(full_path)) {
+    if (vfs_exists(full_path)) {
         state->dialog_state = DIALOG_CREATE_REPLACE_CONFIRM;
         return;
     }
     
-    FAT32_FileHandle *file = fat32_open(full_path, "w");
+    vfs_file_t *file = vfs_open(full_path, "w");
     if (file) {
-        fat32_close(file);
+        vfs_close(file);
         explorer_refresh_all();
     }
     
@@ -284,9 +326,9 @@ static void dialog_force_create_file(Window *win) {
     }
     explorer_strcat(full_path, state->dialog_input);
     
-    FAT32_FileHandle *file = fat32_open(full_path, "w");
+    vfs_file_t *file = vfs_open(full_path, "w");
     if (file) {
-        fat32_close(file);
+        vfs_close(file);
         explorer_refresh_all();
     }
     dialog_close(win);
@@ -305,7 +347,7 @@ static void dialog_confirm_create_folder(Window *win) {
     }
     explorer_strcat(full_path, state->dialog_input);
     
-    if (fat32_mkdir(full_path)) {
+    if (vfs_mkdir(full_path)) {
         explorer_refresh_all();
     }
     
@@ -313,18 +355,18 @@ static void dialog_confirm_create_folder(Window *win) {
 }
 
 bool explorer_delete_permanently(const char *path) {
-    if (fat32_is_directory(path)) {
+    if (vfs_is_directory(path)) {
         int capacity = 64;
-        FAT32_FileInfo *entries = (FAT32_FileInfo*)kmalloc(capacity * sizeof(FAT32_FileInfo));
+        vfs_dirent_t *entries = (vfs_dirent_t*)kmalloc(capacity * sizeof(vfs_dirent_t));
         if (!entries) return false;
 
-        int count = fat32_list_directory(path, entries, capacity);
+        int count = vfs_list_directory(path, entries, capacity);
         while (count == capacity) {
             capacity *= 2;
-            FAT32_FileInfo *new_entries = (FAT32_FileInfo*)krealloc(entries, capacity * sizeof(FAT32_FileInfo));
+            vfs_dirent_t *new_entries = (vfs_dirent_t*)krealloc(entries, capacity * sizeof(vfs_dirent_t));
             if (!new_entries) { kfree(entries); return false; }
             entries = new_entries;
-            count = fat32_list_directory(path, entries, capacity);
+            count = vfs_list_directory(path, entries, capacity);
         }
         
         for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
@@ -340,13 +382,13 @@ bool explorer_delete_permanently(const char *path) {
             if (entries[i].is_directory) {
                 explorer_delete_permanently(child_path);
             } else {
-                fat32_delete(child_path);
+                vfs_delete(child_path);
             }
         }
         kfree(entries);
-        return fat32_rmdir(path);
+        return vfs_rmdir(path);
     } else {
-        return fat32_delete(path);
+        return vfs_delete(path);
     }
 }
 
@@ -367,7 +409,7 @@ bool explorer_delete_recursive(const char *path) {
         for (int k = i + 1; k < len; k++) filename[j++] = path[k];
         filename[j] = 0;
         
-        char drive_prefix[3] = "A:";
+        char drive_prefix[3] = "/";
         if (path[0] && path[1] == ':') {
             drive_prefix[0] = path[0];
         }
@@ -380,10 +422,10 @@ bool explorer_delete_recursive(const char *path) {
         char origin_path[FAT32_MAX_PATH];
         explorer_strcpy(origin_path, dest_path);
         explorer_strcat(origin_path, ".origin");
-        FAT32_FileHandle *fh = fat32_open(origin_path, "w");
+        vfs_file_t *fh = vfs_open(origin_path, "w");
         if (fh) {
-            fat32_write(fh, path, explorer_strlen(path));
+            vfs_write(fh, path, explorer_strlen(path));
-            fat32_close(fh);
+            vfs_close(fh);
         }
         
         explorer_copy_recursive(path, dest_path);
@@ -426,19 +468,19 @@ bool explorer_clipboard_has_content(void) {
 }
 
 static bool explorer_copy_recursive(const char *src_path, const char *dest_path) {
-    if (fat32_is_directory(src_path)) {
+    if (vfs_is_directory(src_path)) {
-        if (!fat32_mkdir(dest_path)) return false;
+        if (!vfs_mkdir(dest_path)) return false;
         int capacity = 64;
-        FAT32_FileInfo *files = (FAT32_FileInfo*)kmalloc(capacity * sizeof(FAT32_FileInfo));
+        vfs_dirent_t *files = (vfs_dirent_t*)kmalloc(capacity * sizeof(vfs_dirent_t));
         if (!files) return false;
         
-        int count = fat32_list_directory(src_path, files, capacity);
+        int count = vfs_list_directory(src_path, files, capacity);
         while (count == capacity) {
             capacity *= 2;
-            FAT32_FileInfo *new_files = (FAT32_FileInfo*)krealloc(files, capacity * sizeof(FAT32_FileInfo));
+            vfs_dirent_t *new_files = (vfs_dirent_t*)krealloc(files, capacity * sizeof(vfs_dirent_t));
             if (!new_files) { kfree(files); return false; }
             files = new_files;
-            count = fat32_list_directory(src_path, files, capacity);
+            count = vfs_list_directory(src_path, files, capacity);
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
             if (explorer_strcmp(files[i].name, ".") == 0 || explorer_strcmp(files[i].name, "..") == 0) continue;
@@ -457,22 +499,22 @@ static bool explorer_copy_recursive(const char *src_path, const char *dest_path)
         kfree(files);
         return true;
     } else {
-        FAT32_FileHandle *src = fat32_open(src_path, "r");
+        vfs_file_t *src = vfs_open(src_path, "r");
-        FAT32_FileHandle *dst = fat32_open(dest_path, "w");
+        vfs_file_t *dst = vfs_open(dest_path, "w");
         bool success = false;
         if (src && dst) {
             uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t*)kmalloc(4096);
             if (buf) {
                 int bytes;
                 success = true;
-                while ((bytes = fat32_read(src, buf, 4096)) > 0) {
+                while ((bytes = vfs_read(src, buf, 4096)) > 0) {
-                    if (fat32_write(dst, buf, bytes) != bytes) { success = false; break; }
+                    if (vfs_write(dst, buf, bytes) != bytes) { success = false; break; }
                 }
                 kfree(buf);
             }
         }
-        if (src) fat32_close(src);
+        if (src) vfs_close(src);
-        if (dst) fat32_close(dst);
+        if (dst) vfs_close(dst);
         return success;
     }
 }
@@ -503,10 +545,10 @@ static void explorer_perform_paste(Window *win, const char *dest_dir) {
     explorer_copy_file_internal(clipboard_path, dest_dir);
     
     if (clipboard_action == 2) { 
-        if (fat32_is_directory(clipboard_path)) {
+        if (vfs_is_directory(clipboard_path)) {
             explorer_delete_permanently(clipboard_path);
         } else {
-            fat32_delete(clipboard_path);
+            vfs_delete(clipboard_path);
         }
         clipboard_action = 0;
     }
@@ -539,7 +581,7 @@ void explorer_clipboard_paste(Window *win, const char *dest_dir) {
     }
     explorer_strcat(dest_path, filename);
     
-    if (fat32_exists(dest_path)) {
+    if (vfs_exists(dest_path)) {
         state->dialog_state = DIALOG_REPLACE_CONFIRM;
         explorer_strcpy(state->dialog_dest_dir, dest_dir);
         return;
@@ -564,10 +606,10 @@ void explorer_create_shortcut(Window *win, const char *target_path) {
     explorer_strcat(shortcut_path, filename);
     explorer_strcat(shortcut_path, ".shortcut");
     
-    FAT32_FileHandle *fh = fat32_open(shortcut_path, "w");
+    vfs_file_t *fh = vfs_open(shortcut_path, "w");
     if (fh) {
-        fat32_write(fh, target_path, explorer_strlen(target_path));
+        vfs_write(fh, target_path, explorer_strlen(target_path));
-        fat32_close(fh);
+        vfs_close(fh);
         explorer_refresh_all();
     }
 }
@@ -639,18 +681,18 @@ static void explorer_restore_file(Window *win, int item_idx) {
     explorer_strcat(origin_file_path, ".origin");
     
     char original_path[FAT32_MAX_PATH] = {0};
-    FAT32_FileHandle *fh = fat32_open(origin_file_path, "r");
+    vfs_file_t *fh = vfs_open(origin_file_path, "r");
     if (fh) {
-        int len = fat32_read(fh, original_path, FAT32_MAX_PATH - 1);
+        int len = vfs_read(fh, original_path, FAT32_MAX_PATH - 1);
         if (len > 0) original_path[len] = 0;
-        fat32_close(fh);
+        vfs_close(fh);
     }
     
     if (original_path[0] == 0) return; 
     
     explorer_copy_recursive(recycle_path, original_path);
     explorer_delete_permanently(recycle_path);
-    fat32_delete(origin_file_path);
+    vfs_delete(origin_file_path);
     
     explorer_refresh_all();
 }
@@ -663,16 +705,17 @@ static void explorer_load_directory(Window *win, const char *path) {
     state->item_count = 0;
     
     int capacity = EXPLORER_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
-    FAT32_FileInfo *entries = (FAT32_FileInfo*)kmalloc(capacity * sizeof(FAT32_FileInfo));
+    vfs_dirent_t *entries = (vfs_dirent_t*)kmalloc(capacity * sizeof(vfs_dirent_t));
     if (!entries) return;
 
-    int count = fat32_list_directory(path, entries, capacity);
+    int count = vfs_list_directory(path, entries, capacity);
+    
     while (count == capacity) {
         capacity *= 2;
-        FAT32_FileInfo *new_entries = (FAT32_FileInfo*)krealloc(entries, capacity * sizeof(FAT32_FileInfo));
+        vfs_dirent_t *new_entries = (vfs_dirent_t*)krealloc(entries, capacity * sizeof(vfs_dirent_t));
         if (!new_entries) { kfree(entries); return; }
         entries = new_entries;
-        count = fat32_list_directory(path, entries, capacity);
+        count = vfs_list_directory(path, entries, capacity);
     }
     
     if (state->items_capacity < count) {
@@ -696,12 +739,30 @@ static void explorer_load_directory(Window *win, const char *path) {
         explorer_strcpy(state->items[temp_count].name, entries[i].name);
         state->items[temp_count].is_directory = entries[i].is_directory;
         state->items[temp_count].size = entries[i].size;
-        state->items[temp_count].color = entries[i].is_directory ? COLOR_APPLE_BLUE : COLOR_APPLE_YELLOW;
+        state->items[temp_count].color = entries[i].is_directory ? COLOR_BLUE : COLOR_YELLOW;
         temp_count++;
     }
     
     state->item_count = temp_count;
     
+    for (int i = 0; i < temp_count - 1; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < temp_count - i - 1; j++) {
+            bool swap = false;
+            if (state->items[j].is_directory == state->items[j+1].is_directory) {
+                if (explorer_strcasecmp(state->items[j].name, state->items[j+1].name) > 0) {
+                    swap = true;
+                }
+            } else if (!state->items[j].is_directory && state->items[j+1].is_directory) {
+                swap = true;
+            }
+            if (swap) {
+                ExplorerItem temp = state->items[j];
+                state->items[j] = state->items[j+1];
+                state->items[j+1] = temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     kfree(entries);
     if (path_changed) {
         state->selected_item = -1;
@@ -745,21 +806,21 @@ void explorer_open_directory(const char *path) {
 }
 
 static void explorer_open_target(const char *path) {
-    if (fat32_is_directory(path)) {
+    if (vfs_is_directory(path)) {
         explorer_open_directory(path);
     } else {
         if (explorer_str_ends_with(path, ".elf")) {
             process_create_elf(path, NULL);
         } else if (explorer_str_ends_with(path, ".pdf")) {
-            process_create_elf("A:/bin/word.elf", path);
+            process_create_elf("/bin/boredword.elf", path);
         } else if (explorer_is_markdown_file(path)) {
-            process_create_elf("A:/bin/markdown.elf", path);
+            process_create_elf("/bin/markdown.elf", path);
         } else if (explorer_str_ends_with(path, ".pnt")) {
-            process_create_elf("A:/bin/paint.elf", path);
+            process_create_elf("/bin/paint.elf", path);
         } else if (explorer_is_image_file(path)) {
-            process_create_elf("A:/bin/viewer.elf", path);
+            process_create_elf("/bin/viewer.elf", path);
         } else {
-            process_create_elf("A:/bin/txtedit.elf", path);
+            process_create_elf("/bin/txtedit.elf", path);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -805,11 +866,11 @@ static void explorer_open_item(Window *win, int index) {
             return;
         }
 
-        FAT32_FileHandle *fh = fat32_open(full_path, "r");
+        vfs_file_t *fh = vfs_open(full_path, "r");
         if (fh) {
             char buf[FAT32_MAX_PATH];
-            int len = fat32_read(fh, buf, 255);
+            int len = vfs_read(fh, buf, 255);
-            fat32_close(fh);
+            vfs_close(fh);
             if (len > 0) {
                 buf[len] = 0;
                 explorer_open_target(buf);
@@ -861,72 +922,34 @@ static void explorer_paint(Window *win) {
     DirtyRect dirty = graphics_get_dirty_rect();
     
 
-    graphics_set_clipping(offset_x, offset_y, win->w - 8, win->h - 28);
+    graphics_push_clipping(offset_x, offset_y, win->w - 8, win->h - 28);
     
     draw_rect(offset_x, offset_y, win->w - 8, win->h - 28, COLOR_DARK_BG);
     
-    char drive_label[20];
-    char current_drv = 'A';
-    if (state->current_path[0] && state->current_path[1] == ':') {
-        current_drv = state->current_path[0];
-    } else if (state->current_path[0] && (state->current_path[0] >= 'A' && state->current_path[0] <= 'Z')) {
-        current_drv = state->current_path[0];
-    }
-    
-    const char *type_str = "RAM";
-    Disk *drv = disk_get_by_letter(current_drv);
-    if (drv) {
-        switch (drv->type) {
-            case DISK_TYPE_RAM:  type_str = "RAM";  break;
-            case DISK_TYPE_IDE:  type_str = "IDE";  break;
-            case DISK_TYPE_SATA: type_str = "SATA"; break;
-            case DISK_TYPE_USB:  type_str = "USB";  break;
-            default:             type_str = "???";  break;
-        }
-    }
-    
-    int di = 0;
-    drive_label[di++] = '[';
-    drive_label[di++] = ' ';
-    drive_label[di++] = current_drv;
-    drive_label[di++] = ':';
-    const char *ts = type_str;
-    while (*ts) drive_label[di++] = *ts++;
-    drive_label[di++] = ' ';
-    drive_label[di++] = ' ';
-    drive_label[di++] = ' ';
-    drive_label[di++] = ']';
-    drive_label[di] = 0;
-    
     ttf_font_t *ttf_ = graphics_get_current_ttf();
-    int drive_label_w = ttf_ ? font_manager_get_string_width(ttf_, drive_label) + 16 : 80;
-    if (drive_label_w < 60) drive_label_w = 60;
-    draw_rounded_rect_filled(win->x + 4, offset_y + 3, drive_label_w, 22, 5, COLOR_DARK_PANEL);
-    draw_string(win->x + 12, offset_y + 8, drive_label, COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
 
     int path_height = 22;
-    int path_x = offset_x + drive_label_w + 8;
+    int path_x = offset_x;
-    int path_w = win->w - 16 - drive_label_w - 8;
+    int path_w = win->w - 16 - 8;
     draw_rounded_rect_filled(path_x, offset_y + 3, path_w, path_height, 5, COLOR_DARK_PANEL);
     draw_string(path_x + 6, offset_y + 8, "Path:", COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
     int path_label_w = ttf_ ? font_manager_get_string_width(ttf_, "Path:") : 40;
     draw_string(path_x + 6 + path_label_w + 6, offset_y + 8, state->current_path, COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
     
     int dropdown_btn_x = win->x + win->w - 90;
-    draw_rounded_rect_filled(dropdown_btn_x, offset_y + 3, 35, 22, 5, COLOR_DARK_PANEL);
+    widget_button_init(&state->btn_dropdown, dropdown_btn_x, offset_y + 3, 35, 22, "...");
-    draw_string(dropdown_btn_x + 10, offset_y + 8, "...", COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
+    widget_button_init(&state->btn_back, win->x + win->w - 40, offset_y + 3, 30, 22, "<");
+    widget_button_init(&state->btn_up, win->x + win->w - 160, offset_y + 3, 30, 22, "^");
+    widget_button_init(&state->btn_fwd, win->x + win->w - 125, offset_y + 3, 30, 22, "v");
     
-    draw_rounded_rect_filled(win->x + win->w - 40, offset_y + 3, 30, 22, 5, COLOR_DARK_PANEL);
+    widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_dropdown);
-    draw_string(win->x + win->w - 32, offset_y + 8, "<", COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
+    widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_back);
-    
+    widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_up);
-    draw_rounded_rect_filled(win->x + win->w - 160, offset_y + 3, 30, 22, 5, COLOR_DARK_PANEL);
+    widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_fwd);
-    draw_string(win->x + win->w - 150, offset_y + 8, "^", COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
-    draw_rounded_rect_filled(win->x + win->w - 125, offset_y + 3, 30, 22, 5, COLOR_DARK_PANEL);
-    draw_string(win->x + win->w - 115, offset_y + 8, "v", COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
     
     int content_start_y = offset_y + 30;
     
-    graphics_set_clipping(win->x + 4, content_start_y, win->w - 8, win->h - 54 - 4);
+    graphics_push_clipping(win->x + 4, content_start_y, win->w - 8, win->h - 54 - 4);
     
     for (int i = 0; i < state->item_count; i++) {
         int row = i / EXPLORER_COLS;
@@ -952,40 +975,8 @@ static void explorer_paint(Window *win) {
     }
     
 
-    if (dirty.active) {
+    graphics_pop_clipping(); // Pop content clipping
-        graphics_set_clipping(dirty.x, dirty.y, dirty.w, dirty.h);
+    graphics_pop_clipping(); // Pop main window clipping
-    } else {
-        graphics_clear_clipping();
-    }
-    
-    if (state->drive_menu_visible) {
-        int menu_x = win->x + 4;
-        int menu_y = offset_y + 26;
-        int menu_w = 80;
-        int count = disk_get_count();
-        int menu_h = count * 25;
-        
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(menu_x, menu_y, menu_w, menu_h, 6, COLOR_DARK_PANEL);
-        
-        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            Disk *d = disk_get_by_index(i);
-            if (d) {
-                char buf[16];
-                buf[0] = d->letter;
-                buf[1] = ':';
-                buf[2] = ' ';
-                int n = 0; while(d->name[n] && n < 10) { buf[3+n] = d->name[n]; n++; }
-                buf[3+n] = 0;
-                
-                if (d->letter == current_drv) {
-                    draw_rounded_rect_filled(menu_x + 2, menu_y + i*25 + 2, menu_w - 4, 21, 4, 0xFF4A90E2);
-                    draw_string(menu_x + 5, menu_y + i*25 + 6, buf, COLOR_WHITE);
-                } else {
-                    draw_string(menu_x + 5, menu_y + i*25 + 6, buf, COLOR_DARK_TEXT);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
     
     if (state->dropdown_menu_visible) {
         int menu_x = dropdown_btn_x;
@@ -1006,25 +997,15 @@ static void explorer_paint(Window *win) {
         
         draw_string(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 10, "Create New File", COLOR_WHITE);
         
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 35, 280, 20, 4, COLOR_DARK_BG);
+        widget_textbox_init(&state->dialog_textbox, dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 35, 280, 25, state->dialog_input, DIALOG_INPUT_MAX);
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 15, dlg_y + 40, state->dialog_input, COLOR_WHITE);
+        state->dialog_textbox.focused = true;
-        { int max_w = 265; 
+        state->dialog_textbox.cursor_pos = state->dialog_input_cursor;
-          ttf_font_t *ttf_ = graphics_get_current_ttf();
+        widget_textbox_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->dialog_textbox);
-          int total_w = font_manager_get_string_width(ttf_, state->dialog_input);
-          int scroll_x = 0;
-          if (total_w > max_w) scroll_x = total_w - max_w;
-          char sub_[128]; int k_=0;
-          for(k_=0; k_<state->dialog_input_cursor && state->dialog_input[k_]; k_++) sub_[k_]=state->dialog_input[k_];
-          sub_[k_]=0;
-          int cx_ = font_manager_get_string_width(ttf_, sub_) - scroll_x;
-          if (cx_ < 0) cx_ = 0;
-          if (cx_ > max_w) cx_ = max_w;
-          draw_rect(dlg_x+15+cx_, dlg_y+39, 2, 12, COLOR_WHITE); }
         
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 65, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_primary, dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Create");
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 70, dlg_y + 72, "Create", COLOR_WHITE);
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_secondary, dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Cancel");
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 65, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_primary);
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 185, dlg_y + 72, "Cancel", COLOR_WHITE);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_secondary);
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_CREATE_FOLDER) {
         int dlg_x = win->x + win->w / 2 - 150;
         int dlg_y = win->y + win->h / 2 - 60;
@@ -1033,25 +1014,15 @@ static void explorer_paint(Window *win) {
         
         draw_string(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 10, "Create New Folder", COLOR_WHITE);
         
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 35, 280, 20, 4, COLOR_DARK_BG);
+        widget_textbox_init(&state->dialog_textbox, dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 35, 280, 25, state->dialog_input, DIALOG_INPUT_MAX);
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 15, dlg_y + 40, state->dialog_input, COLOR_WHITE);
+        state->dialog_textbox.focused = true;
-        { int max_w = 265; 
+        state->dialog_textbox.cursor_pos = state->dialog_input_cursor;
-          ttf_font_t *ttf_ = graphics_get_current_ttf();
+        widget_textbox_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->dialog_textbox);
-          int total_w = font_manager_get_string_width(ttf_, state->dialog_input);
-          int scroll_x = 0;
-          if (total_w > max_w) scroll_x = total_w - max_w;
-          char sub_[128]; int k_=0;
-          for(k_=0; k_<state->dialog_input_cursor && state->dialog_input[k_]; k_++) sub_[k_]=state->dialog_input[k_];
-          sub_[k_]=0;
-          int cx_ = font_manager_get_string_width(ttf_, sub_) - scroll_x;
-          if (cx_ < 0) cx_ = 0;
-          if (cx_ > max_w) cx_ = max_w;
-          draw_rect(dlg_x+15+cx_, dlg_y+39, 2, 12, COLOR_WHITE); }
         
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 65, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_primary, dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Create");
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 70, dlg_y + 72, "Create", COLOR_WHITE);
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_secondary, dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Cancel");
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 65, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_primary);
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 185, dlg_y + 72, "Cancel", COLOR_WHITE);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_secondary);
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_DELETE_CONFIRM) {
         int dlg_x = win->x + win->w / 2 - 150;
         int dlg_y = win->y + win->h / 2 - 60;
@@ -1070,8 +1041,14 @@ static void explorer_paint(Window *win) {
         }
         draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 65, 80, 25, 6, 0xFF8B2020);
         draw_string(dlg_x + 68, dlg_y + 72, "Delete", COLOR_WHITE);
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 65, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 185, dlg_y + 72, "Cancel", COLOR_WHITE);
+        // Use libwidget only for the cancel button, or do we want to use libwidget for the delete button too?
+        // Let's use libwidget but the delete button needs red styling so maybe just keep it manual or make it secondary.
+        // Actually wait, I will use libwidget for both and let the text dictate the action, we can't style individual buttons yet.
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_primary, dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Delete");
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_secondary, dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Cancel");
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_primary);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_secondary);
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_REPLACE_CONFIRM) {
         int dlg_x = win->x + win->w / 2 - 150;
         int dlg_y = win->y + win->h / 2 - 60;
@@ -1083,10 +1060,10 @@ static void explorer_paint(Window *win) {
         draw_string(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 35, "Replace existing file?", 0xFFAAAAAA);
         draw_string(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 48, "This cannot be undone.", 0xFFAAAAAA);
         
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_primary, dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Replace");
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 63, dlg_y + 77, "Replace", COLOR_WHITE);
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_secondary, dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Cancel");
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_primary);
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 185, dlg_y + 77, "Cancel", COLOR_WHITE);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_secondary);
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_REPLACE_MOVE_CONFIRM) {
         int dlg_x = win->x + win->w / 2 - 150;
         int dlg_y = win->y + win->h / 2 - 60;
@@ -1113,10 +1090,10 @@ static void explorer_paint(Window *win) {
         draw_string(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 35, "Overwrite existing file?", 0xFFAAAAAA);
         draw_string(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 48, "This cannot be undone.", 0xFFAAAAAA);
         
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_primary, dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Overwrite");
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 57, dlg_y + 77, "Overwrite", COLOR_WHITE);
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_secondary, dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Cancel");
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_primary);
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 185, dlg_y + 77, "Cancel", COLOR_WHITE);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_secondary);
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_ERROR) {
         int dlg_x = win->x + win->w / 2 - 150;
         int dlg_y = win->y + win->h / 2 - 60;
@@ -1126,32 +1103,23 @@ static void explorer_paint(Window *win) {
         draw_string(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 10, "Error", 0xFFFF6B6B);
         draw_string(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 40, state->dialog_input, 0xFFAAAAAA);
         
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 110, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_primary, dlg_x + 110, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "OK");
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 138, dlg_y + 77, "OK", COLOR_WHITE);
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_primary);
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_RENAME) {
         int dlg_x = win->x + win->w / 2 - 150;
         int dlg_y = win->y + win->h / 2 - 60;
         
         draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x, dlg_y, 300, 110, 8, COLOR_DARK_PANEL);
         draw_string(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 10, "Rename", COLOR_WHITE);
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 35, 280, 20, 4, COLOR_DARK_BG);
+        widget_textbox_init(&state->dialog_textbox, dlg_x + 10, dlg_y + 35, 280, 25, state->dialog_input, DIALOG_INPUT_MAX);
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 15, dlg_y + 40, state->dialog_input, COLOR_WHITE);
+        state->dialog_textbox.focused = true;
-        { int max_w = 265; 
+        state->dialog_textbox.cursor_pos = state->dialog_input_cursor;
-          ttf_font_t *ttf_ = graphics_get_current_ttf();
+        widget_textbox_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->dialog_textbox);
-          int total_w = font_manager_get_string_width(ttf_, state->dialog_input);
+        
-          int scroll_x = 0;
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_primary, dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Rename");
-          if (total_w > max_w) scroll_x = total_w - max_w;
+        widget_button_init(&state->btn_secondary, dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 70, 80, 25, "Cancel");
-          char sub_[128]; int k_=0;
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_primary);
-          for(k_=0; k_<state->dialog_input_cursor && state->dialog_input[k_]; k_++) sub_[k_]=state->dialog_input[k_];
+        widget_button_draw(&wm_widget_ctx, &state->btn_secondary);
-          sub_[k_]=0;
-          int cx_ = font_manager_get_string_width(ttf_, sub_) - scroll_x;
-          if (cx_ < 0) cx_ = 0;
-          if (cx_ > max_w) cx_ = max_w;
-          draw_rect(dlg_x+15+cx_, dlg_y+39, 2, 12, COLOR_WHITE); }
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 50, dlg_y + 65, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 68, dlg_y + 72, "Rename", COLOR_WHITE);
-        draw_rounded_rect_filled(dlg_x + 170, dlg_y + 65, 80, 25, 6, COLOR_DARK_BORDER);
-        draw_string(dlg_x + 185, dlg_y + 72, "Cancel", COLOR_WHITE);
     }
     
     if (state->file_context_menu_visible) {
@@ -1183,6 +1151,9 @@ static void explorer_paint(Window *win) {
 }
 
 
+#define WIDGET_CLICKED(btn, cx, cy) ((cx) >= (btn)->x && (cx) < (btn)->x + (btn)->w && (cy) >= (btn)->y && (cy) < (btn)->y + (btn)->h)
+#define TEXTBOX_CLICKED(tb, cx, cy) ((cx) >= (tb)->x && (cx) < (tb)->x + (tb)->w && (cy) >= (tb)->y && (cy) < (tb)->y + (tb)->h)
+
 static void explorer_handle_click(Window *win, int x, int y) {
     ExplorerState *state = (ExplorerState*)win->data;
     if (state->file_context_menu_visible) {
@@ -1191,156 +1162,117 @@ static void explorer_handle_click(Window *win, int x, int y) {
     }
     
     if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_CREATE_FILE || state->dialog_state == DIALOG_CREATE_FOLDER) {
-        int dlg_x = win->w / 2 - 150;
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_primary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        int dlg_y = win->h / 2 - 80;
+            state->btn_primary.pressed = false;
-        
+            if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_CREATE_FILE) dialog_confirm_create_file(win);
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 50 && x < dlg_x + 130 &&
+            else dialog_confirm_create_folder(win);
-            y >= dlg_y + 65 && y < dlg_y + 90) {
-            if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_CREATE_FILE) {
-                dialog_confirm_create_file(win);
-            } else {
-                dialog_confirm_create_folder(win);
-            }
             return;
         }
         
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 170 && x < dlg_x + 250 &&
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_secondary, win->x + x, win->y + y)) {
-            y >= dlg_y + 65 && y < dlg_y + 90) {
+            state->btn_secondary.pressed = false;
             dialog_close(win);
             return;
         }
         
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 10 && x < dlg_x + 290 &&
+        if (TEXTBOX_CLICKED(&state->dialog_textbox, win->x + x, win->y + y)) {
-            y >= dlg_y + 35 && y < dlg_y + 55) {
+            state->dialog_input_cursor = (win->x + x - state->dialog_textbox.x - 5) / 8;
-            state->dialog_input_cursor = (x - dlg_x - 15) / 8;
             if (state->dialog_input_cursor > (int)explorer_strlen(state->dialog_input)) {
                 state->dialog_input_cursor = explorer_strlen(state->dialog_input);
             }
+            if (state->dialog_input_cursor < 0) state->dialog_input_cursor = 0;
             return;
         }
         return; 
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_DELETE_CONFIRM) {
-        int dlg_x = win->w / 2 - 150;
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_primary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        int dlg_y = win->h / 2 - 80; 
+            state->btn_primary.pressed = false;
-        
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 50 && x < dlg_x + 130 &&
-            y >= dlg_y + 65 && y < dlg_y + 90) {
             dialog_confirm_delete(win);
             return;
         }
         
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 170 && x < dlg_x + 250 &&
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_secondary, win->x + x, win->y + y)) {
-            y >= dlg_y + 65 && y < dlg_y + 90) {
+            state->btn_secondary.pressed = false;
             dialog_close(win);
             return;
         }
         return; 
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_REPLACE_CONFIRM) {
-        int dlg_x = win->w / 2 - 150;
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_primary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        int dlg_y = win->h / 2 - 80;
+            state->btn_primary.pressed = false;
-        
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 50 && x < dlg_x + 130 && y >= dlg_y + 70 && y < dlg_y + 95) {
             dialog_confirm_replace(win);
             return;
         }
         
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 170 && x < dlg_x + 250 && y >= dlg_y + 70 && y < dlg_y + 95) {
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_secondary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
+            state->btn_secondary.pressed = false;
             dialog_close(win);
             return;
         }
         return;
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_REPLACE_MOVE_CONFIRM) {
-        int dlg_x = win->w / 2 - 150;
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_primary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        int dlg_y = win->h / 2 - 80;
+            state->btn_primary.pressed = false;
-        
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 50 && x < dlg_x + 130 && y >= dlg_y + 70 && y < dlg_y + 95) {
             dialog_confirm_replace_move(win);
             return;
         }
         
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 170 && x < dlg_x + 250 && y >= dlg_y + 70 && y < dlg_y + 95) {
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_secondary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
+            state->btn_secondary.pressed = false;
             dialog_close(win);
             return;
         }
         return;
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_CREATE_REPLACE_CONFIRM) {
-        int dlg_x = win->w / 2 - 150;
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_primary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        int dlg_y = win->h / 2 - 80;
+            state->btn_primary.pressed = false;
-        
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 50 && x < dlg_x + 130 && y >= dlg_y + 70 && y < dlg_y + 95) {
             dialog_force_create_file(win);
             return;
         }
         
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 170 && x < dlg_x + 250 && y >= dlg_y + 70 && y < dlg_y + 95) {
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_secondary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
+            state->btn_secondary.pressed = false;
             dialog_close(win);
             return;
         }
         return;
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_ERROR) {
-        int dlg_x = win->w / 2 - 150;
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_primary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        int dlg_y = win->h / 2 - 80;
+            state->btn_primary.pressed = false;
-        
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 110 && x < dlg_x + 190 && y >= dlg_y + 70 && y < dlg_y + 95) {
             dialog_close(win);
             return;
         }
         return;
     } else if (state->dialog_state == DIALOG_RENAME) {
-        int dlg_x = win->w / 2 - 150;
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_primary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        int dlg_y = win->h / 2 - 80;
+            state->btn_primary.pressed = false;
-        
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 50 && x < dlg_x + 130 && y >= dlg_y + 65 && y < dlg_y + 90) {
             char new_path[FAT32_MAX_PATH];
             explorer_strcpy(new_path, state->current_path);
             if (new_path[explorer_strlen(new_path)-1] != '/') explorer_strcat(new_path, "/");
             explorer_strcat(new_path, state->dialog_input);
             
-            if (fat32_rename(state->dialog_target_path, new_path)) explorer_refresh_all();
+            if (vfs_rename(state->dialog_target_path, new_path)) explorer_refresh_all();
             dialog_close(win);
             return;
         }
         
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 170 && x < dlg_x + 250 && y >= dlg_y + 65 && y < dlg_y + 90) {
+        if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_secondary, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
+            state->btn_secondary.pressed = false;
             dialog_close(win);
             return;
         }
-
+        if (TEXTBOX_CLICKED(&state->dialog_textbox, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        if (x >= dlg_x + 10 && x < dlg_x + 290 && y >= dlg_y + 35 && y < dlg_y + 55) {
+            state->dialog_input_cursor = (win->x + x - state->dialog_textbox.x - 5) / 8;
-            state->dialog_input_cursor = (x - dlg_x - 15) / 8;
             if (state->dialog_input_cursor > (int)explorer_strlen(state->dialog_input)) {
                 state->dialog_input_cursor = explorer_strlen(state->dialog_input);
             }
+            if (state->dialog_input_cursor < 0) state->dialog_input_cursor = 0;
             return;
         }
         return; 
     }
     
-    if (state->drive_menu_visible) {
-        int menu_x = 4; 
-        int menu_y = 26; 
-        int menu_w = 80;
-        int count = disk_get_count();
-        int menu_h = count * 25;
 
-        if (x >= menu_x && x < menu_x + menu_w && y >= menu_y && y < menu_y + menu_h) {
-            int idx = (y - menu_y) / 25;
-            Disk *d = disk_get_by_index(idx);
-            if (d) {
-                char path[4];
-                path[0] = d->letter;
-                path[1] = ':';
-                path[2] = '/';
-                path[3] = 0;
-                explorer_load_directory(win, path);
-            }
-            state->drive_menu_visible = false;
-            return;
-        }
-        
-        state->drive_menu_visible = false;
-        return;
-    }
     
     if (state->dropdown_menu_visible) {
         int dropdown_btn_x = win->w - 90;  
@@ -1376,34 +1308,28 @@ static void explorer_handle_click(Window *win, int x, int y) {
     }
     
     
-    int button_y = 3;
-    if (x >= 4 && x < 64 && y >= button_y && y < button_y + 22) {
-        state->drive_menu_visible = !state->drive_menu_visible;
-        state->dropdown_menu_visible = false; 
-        return;
-    }
 
-    if (x >= win->w - 90 && x < win->w - 55 &&
+    
-        y >= button_y && y < button_y + 22) {
+    if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_dropdown, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
+        state->btn_dropdown.pressed = false;
         dropdown_menu_toggle(win);
-        state->drive_menu_visible = false; 
         return;
     }
     
-    if (x >= win->w - 40 && x < win->w - 10 &&
+    if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_back, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        y >= button_y && y < button_y + 22) {
+        state->btn_back.pressed = false;
         explorer_navigate_to(win, "..");
         return;
     }
     
-    if (x >= win->w - 160 && x < win->w - 130 &&
+    if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_up, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        y >= button_y && y < button_y + 22) {
+        state->btn_up.pressed = false;
         if (state->explorer_scroll_row > 0) state->explorer_scroll_row--;
         return;
     }
     
-    if (x >= win->w - 125 && x < win->w - 95 &&
+    if (WIDGET_CLICKED(&state->btn_fwd, win->x + x, win->y + y + 20)) {
-        y >= button_y && y < button_y + 22) {
+        state->btn_fwd.pressed = false;
         int total_rows = (state->item_count + EXPLORER_COLS - 1) / EXPLORER_COLS;
         if (total_rows == 0) total_rows = 1;
         if (state->explorer_scroll_row < total_rows - (EXPLORER_ROWS - 1)) state->explorer_scroll_row++;
@@ -1457,7 +1383,7 @@ static void explorer_handle_key(Window *win, char c, bool pressed) {
                 explorer_strcpy(new_path, state->current_path);
                 if (new_path[explorer_strlen(new_path)-1] != '/') explorer_strcat(new_path, "/");
                 explorer_strcat(new_path, state->dialog_input);
-                if (fat32_rename(state->dialog_target_path, new_path)) explorer_refresh(win);
+                if (vfs_rename(state->dialog_target_path, new_path)) explorer_refresh(win);
                 dialog_close(win);
             }
         } else if (c == 19) {
@@ -1679,7 +1605,7 @@ static void explorer_handle_file_context_menu_click(Window *win, int x, int y) {
         state->dialog_input_cursor = explorer_strlen(state->dialog_input);
         explorer_strcpy(state->dialog_target_path, full_path);
     } else if (clicked_action == 110) { // Open with Text Editor
-        process_create_elf("A:/bin/txtedit.elf", full_path);
+        process_create_elf("/bin/txtedit.elf", full_path);
     } else if (clicked_action == ACTION_RESTORE) {
         explorer_restore_file(win, state->file_context_menu_item);
     } else if (clicked_action == ACTION_CREATE_SHORTCUT) {
@@ -1773,10 +1699,10 @@ static void explorer_perform_move_internal(Window *win, const char *source_path,
         char origin_path[FAT32_MAX_PATH];
         explorer_strcpy(origin_path, dest_path);
         explorer_strcat(origin_path, ".origin");
-        FAT32_FileHandle *fh = fat32_open(origin_path, "w");
+        vfs_file_t *fh = vfs_open(origin_path, "w");
         if (fh) {
-            fat32_write(fh, source_path, explorer_strlen(source_path));
+            vfs_write(fh, source_path, explorer_strlen(source_path));
-            fat32_close(fh);
+            vfs_close(fh);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1784,7 +1710,7 @@ static void explorer_perform_move_internal(Window *win, const char *source_path,
         char origin_path[FAT32_MAX_PATH];
         explorer_strcpy(origin_path, source_path);
         explorer_strcat(origin_path, ".origin");
-        fat32_delete(origin_path);
+        vfs_delete(origin_path);
     }
 
     if (explorer_copy_recursive(source_path, dest_path)) {
@@ -1818,7 +1744,7 @@ void explorer_import_file_to(Window *win, const char *source_path, const char *d
     if (dest_path[explorer_strlen(dest_path) - 1] != '/') explorer_strcat(dest_path, "/");
     explorer_strcat(dest_path, filename);
     
-    if (fat32_exists(dest_path) && explorer_strcmp(source_path, dest_path) != 0) {
+    if (vfs_exists(dest_path) && explorer_strcmp(source_path, dest_path) != 0) {
         explorer_strcpy(state->dialog_move_src, source_path);
         explorer_strcpy(state->dialog_dest_dir, dest_dir);
         state->dialog_state = DIALOG_REPLACE_MOVE_CONFIRM;
@@ -1863,12 +1789,12 @@ Window* explorer_create_window(const char *path) {
     state->explorer_scroll_row = 0;
     state->dialog_state = DIALOG_NONE;
     
-    if (explorer_strcmp(path, "/") == 0) explorer_load_directory(win, "A:/");
+    if (explorer_strcmp(path, "/") == 0) explorer_load_directory(win, "/");
     else explorer_load_directory(win, path);
     
     explorer_wins[explorer_win_count++] = win;
-    wm_add_window(win);
+    wm_add_window_locked(win);
-    wm_bring_to_front(win);
+    // wm_add_window_locked already calls wm_bring_to_front_locked!
     
     return win;
 }
@@ -1900,11 +1826,11 @@ void explorer_init(void) {
     state->dialog_state = DIALOG_NONE;
 
     explorer_wins[explorer_win_count++] = &win_explorer;
-    explorer_load_directory(&win_explorer, "A:/");
+    explorer_load_directory(&win_explorer, "/");
 }
 void explorer_reset(void) {
     ExplorerState *state = (ExplorerState*)win_explorer.data;
-    explorer_load_directory(&win_explorer, "A:/");
+    explorer_load_directory(&win_explorer, "/");
     state->explorer_scroll_row = 0;
     win_explorer.focused = false;
 }

src/wm/explorer.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "wm.h"
 #include "fat32.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
+#include "libwidget.h"
 
 // External windows references (for opening other apps)
 extern Window win_explorer;
@@ -55,6 +56,16 @@ typedef struct {
     int file_context_menu_y;
     int file_context_menu_item;
 
+    // GUI widgets
+    widget_button_t btn_primary;
+    widget_button_t btn_secondary;
+    widget_button_t btn_dropdown;
+    widget_button_t btn_back;
+    widget_button_t btn_up;
+    widget_button_t btn_fwd;
+
+    widget_textbox_t dialog_textbox;
+
 } ExplorerState;
 
 void explorer_init(void);